白刺组织培养的研究

本文对白刺(Nitraria)离体腋芽的分化,生根、增殖继代,试管苗移栽等技术进行了系统的研究;并对唐古特白刺(N·tangutorum)、大果白刺(N·ropovowskii)的种间培养差异进行了探索;为了缩短培养周期,提高培养效率,还进行了液体生根培养。结果表明:白刺离体腋芽分化的最适培养基为“MS BA2.0 ppM IBA 0.6ppM”;最适生根培养基“1/2MS IBA0.5ppM”;移栽成活率达95%以上;唐古特白刺与大果白刺在分化及生根方面存有差异,当分     

内蒙古2种白刺间自然杂交类型的分子验证

本实验对齿叶白刺(Nitraria roborowiskii Kom.)和唐古特白刺(N.tangutorum Bobr.)以及疑似杂交个体共48个个体的叶绿体trnL-F序列和核糖体ITS序列进行分析.trnL-F结果显示,齿叶白刺和唐古特白刺在15个位点上存在差异,杂交个体在其中11个位点上与齿叶白刺相同,4个位点...     

民勤荒漠区主要灌木叶片C、N、P化学计量特征的季节变化

为探究不同灌木叶片C、N、P化学计量特征季节变化规律,揭示荒漠植物对环境的适应策略,以民勤荒漠区4种主要灌木梭梭、沙拐枣、唐古特白刺、柠条锦鸡儿为研究对象,分析不同荒漠植物在生长季内叶片的C、N、P含量及其计量比变化特征。结果表明:(1)沙拐枣、柠条锦鸡儿叶片C含量显著高于唐古特白刺、梭梭(P<0.05),且唐古特白刺显著高于梭梭,沙拐枣与柠条锦鸡儿差异不显著;唐古特白刺叶片N含量显著高于其他3种植物叶片;唐古特白刺叶片P含量最高,并显著高于柠条锦鸡儿,但两者均与梭梭和沙拐枣差异不显著。(2)4种荒漠植物叶片C、N、P含量及其计量比各指标在生长季节内的变异系数表现为:P(28.34%)>C∶P(24.70%)>N∶P(19.07%)>N(17.49%)>C∶N(16.89%)>C(2.91%)。(3)C含量与N、P含量呈不显著正相关关系;除沙拐枣,其他叶片N含量与P含量呈显著正相关关系,4种荒漠植物叶片N∶P值的变化主要由P含量变化决定。(4)植物叶片C、N、C∶N、C∶P和N∶P含量的变异主要受植物种类影响,植物叶片P含量的变异主要受生长季节影响。研究发现,民勤荒漠4种灌木植物叶片C、N、P含量及C∶N、C∶P和N∶P在生长季内因物种而不同,它们在生长季内变异系数在植物种之间也存在差异。     

唐古特白刺研究现状与建议

唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.)是白刺属中较进化的植物种,众多克隆株系形成"白刺包",具有重要的生态防护价值,其浆果状核果也具有较高的经济利用价值.由于种内异交和种间杂交,唐古特白刺种内变异十分丰富,其中表现最为明显的是果实性状变异.而果色、果味、果序重等性状差异,对于生产成本、加工工艺以及产品质量等都有较大影响,从而限制了白刺果的产业化开发.开展种质资源、优树选择、杂交和倍性育种等方面的研究,对唐古特白刺进行遗传改良,选育高产、味佳、核小、色泽美观且生态价值高的果用与生态兼用型白刺品种,并进一步使其无性系化、种植园化,则是推动沙区白刺资源开发、利用以及当地生态与经济发展的关键.     

唐古特白刺叶性状及叶片δ13C、δ15N沿降水梯度的变化特征

叶片性状反映了植物对环境的适应能力及自我调控能力。以唐古特白刺天然种群为研究对象,沿300—40 mm年降水梯度,测定了7个样地的唐古特白刺叶片性状及叶片δ~(13)C、δ~(15)N。结果表明:(1)沿降水梯度变化,7个地区唐古特白刺叶宽、长宽比、叶厚、叶面积、比叶面积、叶氮含量、叶片δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N变异性显著(P0.05),而叶长差异不显著(P0.05)。唐古特白刺通过叶片各功能性状间的调节来适应环境的变化,并形成性状间的最佳功能组合。(2)唐古特白刺叶片δ~(13)C与叶面积、比叶面积呈负相关关系,与叶氮含量呈正相关关系,但其相关性均未达到显著性水平(P0.05),仅与地下水埋深表现出了极显著的正相关关系(P0.01)。在降水量小于100 mm的区域,白刺主要利用地下水源,成为隐域植被,从而降低了对其他环境因子的响应。(3)叶片厚度和叶氮含量可以作为体现不同地区间唐古特白刺差异的叶功能性状。数据显示叶片厚度与年平均温度正相关(P0.05),尤其与年最高气温大于35℃日数关系更为密切(P0.01);在高温环境下,叶片增厚的同时叶氮含量显著降低(P0.05),而这一过程中叶片δ~(15)N值却有增加趋势(R~2=0.62,P0.05),因此叶厚度和叶氮含量对叶片δ~(15)N的相对影响在干旱与半干旱区之间发生转变,这为进一步探究干旱区荒漠植被的水分限制阈值提供了新思路。     

沙漠-河岸过渡带不同发育类型唐古特白刺沙堆和植株相关指标的比较及关系分析

以鄂尔多斯高原北缘的沙漠-河岸过渡带唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.)沙堆为研究对象,采用标准株估算法对不同发育类型(包括发育型、成熟型和衰退型)唐古特白刺沙堆的形态特征(包括高度、半径、表面积、体积和土壤干质量)、唐古特白刺单株干质量(包括单株地上部和地下部的干质量及单株总干质量)和土壤碳储量进行了计算和比较,并对这些指标间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:成熟型沙堆的形态特征、唐古特白刺单株干质量和土壤碳储量均显著(P0.05)高于发育型沙堆和衰退型沙堆;并且,除唐古特白刺单株地上部干质量外,发育型沙堆的上述指标均低于衰退型沙堆。据估算,样地内唐古特白刺植株的总碳储量为429.123 kg,土壤总碳储量为445.415 kg,且后者为前者的1.038倍。拟合曲线分析结果表明:唐古特白刺的单株干质量与沙堆各形态特征呈正相关,且与沙堆体积的相关性最高;土壤碳储量与沙堆各形态特征也呈正相关,且与沙堆体积和土壤干质量的相关性最高;成熟型沙堆中唐古特白刺单株干质量与土壤碳储量的相关性高于发育型沙堆和衰退型沙堆,且不同发育类型沙堆中唐古特白刺单株地下部干质量与土壤碳储量的相关性高于唐古特白刺单株地上部干质量和单株总干质量与土壤碳储量的相关性。研究结果显示:沙漠-河岸过渡带的唐古特白刺沙堆能够固定大量的碳,其中,成熟型沙堆的固碳能力最强;并且,唐古特白刺根系对土壤中碳的固定具有重要作用。     

唐古特白刺黄酮类物质及其药用研究进展CSCD

唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.)是一种具有药用、食用和饲用价值的荒漠植物,主要分布于我国西北干旱半干旱地区。白刺被誉为沙漠樱桃,含有多种营养物质,还富含黄酮、生物碱等多种药用成分,因此人们对其药用成分、含量、功效及药理展开了一系列研究。本文对现有唐古特白刺黄酮类物质相关的研究进行了调研,首先对唐古特白刺中已分离出的黄酮类物质进行分类,其次对唐古特白刺主要组织中总黄酮含量进行整理和分析,另外对唐古特白刺中各种黄酮化合物的含量进行分析,最后对唐古特白刺中总黄酮、各类黄酮、黄酮单体化合物的药效及药理进行综述。通过对上述内容的整理和分析,总结出白刺黄酮类物质药用研究中存在的一系列问题,并基于此提出解决现有问题的思路并对未来白刺黄酮药用研究提出建议,以期为唐古特白刺植物黄酮类物质药用研究和开发提供理论参考,推动中医药行业的发展。     

盐胁迫下唐古特白刺对外源Ca2+的生理响应

为探讨Ca2+与盐生植物耐盐性的关系,以唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)为试验材料,研究不同浓度外源Ca2+对盐胁迫下唐古特白刺的生理响应,结果表明,盐浓度不高于300 mmol·L-1时,施加定浓度Ca2+(≤15 mmol·L-1)可增加唐古特白刺叶片相对含水量,提高叶片水势与根系活力,降低电解质外渗率,减少MDA含量,增加脯氨酸的积累,同时提高SOD和POD活性,且这种趋势随Ca2+浓度的增加而增加。而高浓度Ca2+(>15 mmol·L-1)对唐古特白刺各生理指标均表现出不同程度的抑制作用,影响唐古特白刺的正常代谢活动。说明定浓度的Ca2+(≤15 mmol·L-1)能有效缓解盐胁迫(NaCl≤300mmol·L-1)对唐古特白刺造成的伤害,高盐胁迫下外施Ca2+缓解作用不明显,甚至表现为抑制作用。     

长期模拟增雨对荒漠植物形态特征及空间分布格局的影响

研究降雨变化对荒漠优势植物形态特征、空间点格局及空间关联性的影响有助于预测荒漠生态系统对全球气候变化的响应.以乌兰布和沙漠典型荒漠植物唐古特白刺和油蒿为研究对象,进行了连续10年的模拟增雨试验,运用Programita软件,采用Ripley K函数和Monte Carlo随机模拟方法,对长期模拟增雨条件下两种植物形态特征、空间格局及空间关联性进行研究.结果表明: 不同增雨处理下唐古特白刺和油蒿植株的数量、高度、平均冠幅和基径均存在显著差异,增雨处理的唐古特白刺和油蒿植株数量、高度、平均冠幅和基径均显著大于对照,并随着增雨量的增大而增大.当增雨量小于72 mm时,白刺枝条具有明显的聚集分布趋势;当增雨量大于72 mm后,随着增雨量的增大,白刺枝条表现出聚集强度明显降低的趋势.油蒿植株随着增雨量的增加空间分布格局表现为随机分布-聚集分布-随机分布.就空间关联性而言,对照处理下唐古特白刺枝条与油蒿之间表现为负关联,随着增雨量的增加两者呈现无关联或正关联,当增雨量达到144 mm时,空间关联由负关联向正关联转变.未来降雨增加条件下,土壤水分明显改善,两种荒漠植物对水分的竞争减弱,更有利于白刺和油蒿的共存生长.     

都兰钝额斑螟的生物学特性及四种杀虫剂的室内毒力测定

都兰钝额斑螟Bazaria dulanensis Du et Yan是柴达木盆地南部地区唐古特白刺(Nitrada tangutorum Bobr.)灌丛的主要害虫之一.为有效控治该害虫对唐古特白刺的危害,本研究采用室内饲养和田间定点观察,对其生物学特性进行观察,结果表明:都兰钝额斑螟在柴达木盆地一年发生1代,幼虫共5...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.