青岛沿海7种异毛类纤毛虫形态学描述

借助活体观察及银染法等对采集于青岛沿海的7种异毛类纤毛虫(绿色爽口虫Climacostomum virens、蓝菌丽克虫Licnophora lyngbycola、盐蚕豆虫Fabrea salina、佛氏环须虫Peritromus faurei、简单瓶囊虫Folliculina simplex、延长类瓶囊虫Folliculinopsis producta、弯曲突口虫Condylostoma curva)进行了活体形态与纤毛图式水平的分类学研究, 其中绿色爽口虫为国内新记录。对迄今缺乏详细研究的简单瓶囊虫与延长类瓶囊虫补充了大量活体形态描述, 如皮层颗粒、色素颗粒的分布与颜色变化等, 同时运用现代银染技术首次报道了该两种游泳体的纤毛图式。       

八种海洋盾纤类纤毛虫的形态学研究

对采自山东、广东和香港沿海的八种盾纤类纤毛虫: 冠帆口虫、维亚可夫帆口虫、蠕形康纤虫、贪食迈阿密虫、异海洋尾丝虫、中华后阿脑虫和两种蟹栖异阿脑虫相似种进行了形态学研究。其中, 中国南海新记录种维亚可夫帆口虫种群与Wang, et al.所描述种群以及中华后阿脑虫新种群与Song Wilbert记述的青岛种群和南极种群相比, 在个体大小和体动基列数目上均有所差异; 贪食迈阿密虫潍坊种群的体动基列恒为12列, 与Song Wilbert的报道有较大差异。两种异阿脑虫与蟹栖异阿脑虫在口纤毛器结构和体形上完全相似, 但在体动基列数目上有明显差异, 因数据不足, 暂定为蟹栖异阿脑虫相似种。       

扩张莫尼茨绦虫(圆叶目:裸头科)节间腺的超微结构及组织化学

用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了扩张莫尼茨绦虫节间腺形成过程的精细结构及一些组化变化。结果表明：节间腺是扩张莫尼茨绦虫皮层的特化部分,由节片后缘的皮层及其邻近细胞体向绦虫实质组织中陷入开始其形成过程,随着虫体发育的进行,新的陷入不断形成,原陷入的部分不断脱离皮层形成簇状腺体结构。节间腺的数目随着体节的发育不断增加,幼节中仅有少数几个(6～9个),而远端的孕节中多于100个。电镜下可见腺细胞体由细胞质管与腺皮层相联,簇状腺体结构为一合胞体形态,腺细胞体围绕并开口于椭球体或不规则形状的皮层腔中。离腺皮层远的腺细胞体电子密度高并含有与腺皮层相应的典型分泌颗粒,而靠近腺皮层的腺细胞体电子密度低,所含分泌颗粒较少。扩张莫尼茨绦虫节间腺的组化性质尚不完全清楚。糖与蛋白质等组化结果不稳定,随染液pH值及染色时间的变化等多种因素而改变。基于我们的研究及其他研究者的观察表明,节间腺可能参与外源基质形成虫卵的转运,同时他们可能在虫体节片脱落及虫卵溢出时起作用。     

十种旋唇纲纤毛虫的形态学描述

借助活体观察和蛋白银染色方法对采集于中国山东、广东沿海的潮间带、红树林及淡水生境的10种旋唇纲纤毛虫(拉氏伪小双虫Pseudoamphisiella lacazei、四核伪小双虫Pseudoamphisiella quadrinucleata、中华偏全列虫Apoholosticha sinica、维尔伯特泡毛虫Tunicothrix wilberti、海洋后尾柱虫Metaurostylopsis marina、偏澳大利亚速体虫Notohymena apoaustralis、偏寡毛双眉虫Diophrys apoligothrix、寡毛双眉虫Diophrys oligothrix、盾圆双眉虫Diophrys scutum、张氏拟双眉虫Paradiophrys zhangi)进行了活体形态与纤毛图式水平的分类学研究。其中偏澳大利亚速体虫、偏寡毛双眉虫、张氏拟双眉虫为广东地区新记录种。基于新种群, 对张氏拟双眉虫给出了新定义。研究表明, 中华偏全列虫地理分布较广, 可适应从淡水到不同盐度的咸水生境。首次发现, 寡毛双眉虫可在盐度较低的咸水中生存, 显示出其较强的环境适应能力。     

青岛沿海七种腹毛类纤毛虫的形态学研究(原生动物,纤毛门)

借助活体观察及银染法等对采自青岛沿海的7种较罕见的腹毛类纤毛虫(拉氏游仆虫Euplotes raikovi,拟伍氏游仆虫Euplotes parawoodruffi,坚盾檐纤虫Aspidisca leptaspis,斯坦槽纤虫Aspidsca steird,收缩沙冠虫Psammnomitra retractilis,柔弱异列虫 Anteholosticha manca,条纹小双虫Amphisiella annulata)进行了形态学研究,包括两个国内新纪录:拉氏游仆虫,拟伍氏游仆虫,同时补充了各青岛种群的纤毛图式及银线系等资料.对迄今缺乏详细研究的拉氏游仆虫首次做了纤毛图式水平上的描述并在前人工作基础上给出了修订后的定义:活体约40～60 μn×25～40 μn,背部有明显的6列嵴突;口区延至虫体1/2后;口围带由23～35片小膜组成;额-腹棘毛包括7根典型棘毛以及位于额区中部的仅由1对毛基粒构成的退化结构;稳定的1根缘棘毛、2根尾棘毛;背触毛6～8列;银线系为double-patella型;海水种.     

瓦氏黄颡鱼2种寄生车轮虫形态分类

采用国际上使用的"统一特定描述"和"齿体定位描述"方法对寄生在瓦氏黄颡鱼(Peleteobagrusvachelli)鳃上的适度车轮虫(Trichodina modesta)和马氏车轮虫(T.mastu)2种车轮虫的虫体外形、附着盘、齿体、辐线、中央颗粒、核器、口围绕体等形态特征进行了较为详细的描述,并分别与已报道的其他适度车轮虫、马氏车轮虫种群及相似种的形态特征进行了比较。实验证实了瓦氏黄颡鱼为适度车轮虫的寄主新纪录。     

背联体贻贝棘尾虫的形态,形态发生及其调节现象

背联体贻贝棘尾虫的每一虫腹面含有相当于正常棘尾虫的腹面纤毛系统,背联两虫任意一侧属于一虫的背面有4列背触毛,它们的排列分布相似于正常棘昆虫的第1—4列背触毛,另一虫背面打2列背触毛,它们相似于正常棘尾虫的第5、6列背触毛。结果表明,背联体棘尾虫是其中两虫各以背面第4列和第5列背触毛之间的皮层区相联接形成的。也有的背联体中背部皮层联接区有变化。无性分裂中背联两虫皮层纤毛结构的形态发生相似于正常棘尾虫,并且两者其皮层纤毛器如口围带、额腹横棘毛、左、右缘棘毛和背触毛等相应结构的发育是同步进行的,推测背联两虫的皮层发育既是相对独立的,又有某种机制控制着相互间的协调。背联体棘昆虫在无性生殖周期中总是经历着一个调节成单体的过程,认为这于背联两虫都具有一套结构功能正常的运动胞器(特别是口围带),而产生向不同方向运动的“不协调”的力有关。     

广东大亚湾六种海洋刺钩类纤毛虫的形态学研究

利用活体观察及银染法首次对采自广东大亚湾沿岸的盐菲阿虫Phialina salinarum Kahl,1928,海洋长吻虫Lacrymaria marina Kahl,1933,惊扰伪颈毛虫Pseudotrachelocerca trepida(Kahl,1928)Song,1990,贪食纤口虫Chaenea vorax Quennerstedt,1867,柱核柱毛虫Cyclotrichium cyclokaryon Meunier,1907和加冈栉毛虫Didinium gargantua Meunier,1910六种刺钩类纤毛虫进行了形态学研究,补充了活体形态学以及纤毛图式等分类学新信息。首次观察到了海洋长吻虫体纤毛基部的皮层颗粒和柱核柱毛虫大亚湾种群较青岛种群具有更多的体动基列等若干新信息。研究表明,刺钩类纤毛虫在大亚湾近岸水域具有较高的物种多样性。       

对虾体表共栖纤毛虫一新种——拟恩茨聚缩虫(纤毛动物门:缘毛目)

本文报道了共栖于对虾体表的缘毛类纤毛虫一新种,拟恩茨聚缩虫。通过活体观察,蛋白银法及干银法染色对其形态学,口器结构及银线系做了全面研究,并与相似种做了讨论和比较。     

中国异极衣科地衣二新记录种

该文综合运用形态学、解剖学和化学等方法对山东大型地衣进行分类研究,发现了两个中国新记录种,即德氏蜂窝衣(Heppia despreauxii)和多孢小极衣(Lichinella myriospora)。德氏蜂窝衣隶属于蜂窝衣属(Heppia),生于光线充足且裸露的土壤上,主要识别特征为下皮层缺失、子实层IKI+蓝色;多孢小极衣隶属于小极衣属(Lichinella),生于干燥的钙质岩石上,主要识别特征为其子实层IKI+酒红色变为蓝色。该文对这两个中国新记录种进行了详细描述,与近似物种进行了对比讨论,并且提供了其地衣体、子囊盘及其解剖特征图片。同时,该文还补充报道了白棋盘蜂窝衣(Heppia solorinoides)的有性繁殖结构特征和数据。蜂窝衣属和小极衣属均为山东新记录属。以上研究结果为中国异极衣科(Lichinaceae)地衣研究提供基础资料。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.