Deuterostomic Development in the Protostome Priapulus caudatus

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Highlights? In the protostome P. caudatus, the blastopore forms the anus (deuterostomy) ? The hindgut markers brachyury and cdx are expressed in the blastopore and in the anus ? The foregut markers foxA and gsc are detected in the mouth, but not in the blastopore ? Results favor deuterostomy in ecdysozoan, protostome, and bilaterian ancestors     

ALKBH5 Is a Mammalian RNA Demethylase that Impacts RNA Metabolism and Mouse Fertility

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Highlights? ALKBH5 is a mammalian m⁶A RNA demethylase ? RNA demethylation affects mRNA export and RNA metabolism ? RNA demethylation is important for mouse fertility ? Reversible mammalian messenger RNA methylation affects gene expression     

Evidence for Geomagnetic Imprinting as a Homing Mechanism in Pacific Salmon

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Highlights? Sockeye salmon use geomagnetic imprinting as a homing mechanism ? The homing route of salmon is predicted by magnetic field drift (secular variation)     

Identification of the Outer-Inner Dynein Linker as a Hub Controller for Axonemal Dynein Activities

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Highlights? Outer dynein intermediate chain 2 (IC2) forms the outer-inner dynein (OID) linker ? A mutation to IC2 nonspecifically activates the outer dynein activity ? The mutation to IC2 alters the inner-dynein-dependent flagellar waveform ? The OID linker regulates flagellar beating by controlling outer and inner dyneins     

Keeping cell identity in Arabidopsis requires PRC1 RING-finger homologs that catalyze H2A monoubiquitination

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Highlights? AtBMI1A/B proteins prevent misexpression of embryonic traits in somatic cells ? PRC2 and AtBMI1A/B proteins maintain cells in their differentiated state ? AtBMI1A/B proteins mediate H2A monoubiquitination     

Screening and in situ synthesis using crystals of a NAD kinase lead to a potent antistaphylococcal compound

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Highlights? Precise interaction mapping using substrate analogs and X-ray crystallography ? Amidation of 5′-amino-5′-deoxy-adenosine is promoted by crystallized LmNADK1 ? Structures guide fragment bridging to design a new antistaphylococcal compound     

Structure of a bacteriophytochrome and light-stimulated protomer swapping with a gene repressor

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Highlights? Bacteriophytochrome structure containing photosensory and output transducing domain ? RpBphP1 binds to the cognate repressor RpPpsR2 on illumination with far-red light ? HOS domain is distantly related to Dhp and is essential for binding to the repressor ? Light-induced protomer swapping mechanism between dimers     

Crystal structure of 12-lipoxygenase catalytic-domain-inhibitor complex identifies a substrate-binding channel for catalysis

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Highlights? The crystal structure of 12-lipoxygenase was solved at high resolution ? The position of an inhibitor identified the substrate binding/active site ? A channel providing access for oxygen to the active site was also discovered ? The structure accounts for virtually all features of catalysis and inhibition     

MTR1 encodes a secretory fasciclin glycoprotein required for male reproductive development in rice

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Highlights? The fasciclin glycoprotein MTR1 regulates male reproductive development in rice ? Rice male reproductive cells secrete MTR1 to control somatic tapetum development     

Spatial Restriction of FGF Signaling by a Matrix Metalloprotease Controls Branching Morphogenesis

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Highlights? Drosophila Matrix Metalloprotease (Mmp) inhibits FGF signaling ? An FGF – MMP feedback loop regulates branching morphogenesis ? Mmp2 spatially regulates FGF signaling in epithelia     

The UBAP1 subunit of ESCRT-I interacts with ubiquitin via a SOUBA domain

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Highlights? ESCRT-I subunit UBAP1 is essential for degradation of antiviral protein tetherin ? UBAP1 has a domain consisting of a solenoid of overlapping UBAs (SOUBA) ? Each of the three UBAs in the SOUBA binds monoubiquitin     

Towards a structural understanding of PARP1 activation and related signalling ADP-ribosyl-transferases

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Highlights? PARP1 recognizes DNA strand breaks through substrate-assisted dimerization. ? PARP1 ZFIII and WGR domains link DNA break recognition to enzyme activation. ? Tankyrase-dependent PARylation regulates Wnt signalling and Cherubism syndrome.     

Design of a Phosphorylatable PDZ Domain with Peptide-Specific Affinity Changes

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Highlights? Successful design of phosphorylation sites into a globular protein ? Redesigned PDZ domain phosphorylation is associated with local destabilization ? Phosphorylation switches peptide binding function ? Phosphorylation switches peptide recognition specificity     

BLOC-3 Mutated in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Is a Rab32/38 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor

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Highlights? The Hps1-Hps4 complex (BLOC-3) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) ? Purified BLOC-3 has specific GEF activity toward Rab32 and Rab38 ? BLOC-3 can promote recruitment of Rab32 and Rab38 to membranes ? BLOC-3 and its target Rabs act in the biogenesis of melanosomes     

The structural basis for tight control of PP2A methylation and function by LCMT-1

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Highlights? LCMT-1 makes extensive contacts to PP2A active site for methylation of PP2A tail ? PP2A methylation is stimulated by phosphatase activation, hampered by inactivation ? LCMT-1 would facilitate efficient transition of activated PP2A to holoenzymes ? A high-affinity dnLCMT-1 mutant attenuates the cell cycle without causing cell death     

A Genome-wide RNAi Screen Reveals a Trio-Regulated Rho GTPase Circuitry Transducing Mitogenic Signals Initiated by G Protein-Coupled Receptors

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Highlights? Human cancers harbor frequent mutations in Gq-linked GPCRs and Gα_q subunits ? A genome-wide RNAi screen revealed that Trio is essential for activating AP-1 via Gα_q ? A network of Trio-regulated Rho GTPases and MAPKs links Gq to the nucleus ? A hard-wired Gq-Trio signaling axis promotes the growth of many human malignancies     

Structural Characterization of a Mouse Ortholog of Human NEIL3 with a Marked Preference for Single-Stranded DNA

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Highlights? Neil3 is an Fpg/Nei DNA glycosylase of the base excision repair pathway ? Neil3 excises a broad spectrum of base lesions, with a marked preference for ssDNA ? We report a crystal structure of Neil3 DNA glycosylase ? The structure provides valuable insights into Neil3′s unusual substrate specificity     

Enteric neurons and systemic signals couple nutritional and reproductive status with intestinal homeostasis

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Highlights? A metabolic behavior revealing a key homeostatic role for the invertebrate intestine ? Enteric neurons couple reproductive state with intestinal physiology ? An insulinergic brain-gut neuronal circuit adjusts feeding to nutritional conditions ? A vasopressin-like system of central neurons is essential for water homeostasis     

Tracking Shallow Chemical Gradients by Actin-Driven Wandering of the Polarization Site

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Highlights? A wandering polarity site distributes growth in yeast cells responding to pheromone ? Wandering, but not polarity establishment, is actin dependent ? A mathematical model incorporating polarity and vesicle traffic exhibits wandering ? Blocking wandering impairs gradient tracking     

Repeated,Long-Term Cycling of Putative Stem Cells between Niches in a Basal Chordate

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Highlights? Identification of a niche for germline and somatic stem cells in a basal chordate ? Stem cells repeatedly migrate between aged or damaged niches into developing niches