New insect host records for mites of the family Microdispidae (Acari: Heterostigmatina), with description of a new species of the genus Paramicrodispus

The mite Paramicrodispus scarabidophilus Hajiqanbar and Rahiminejad sp. nov. (Acari: Prostigmata: Microdispidae) is described and illustrated based on phoretic females recovered from Oryctes nasicornis L. (Col.: Scarabaeidae) hosts, which were collected from forests in northern Iran. It is the first record of the genus Paramicrodispus for the mite fauna of Iran. We also found Paramicrodispus crenulatus (Savulkina, 1978) associated with Lucanus ibericus Motschulsky (Col.: Lucanidae), the first report of association between beetles of the family Lucanidae and the mite family Microdispidae. Moreover, for the first time we report an association between beetles of the family Scarabaeidae and Paramicrodispus mites.     

Two new myrmecophilous species of the genus Scutacarus (Acari: Prostigmata: Scutacaridae) with world keys to related species groups

In a survey on heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Heterostigmata) associated with insects including ants in northwestern Iran, two new species of myrmecophilous mites of the genus Scutacarus (Acari: Scutacaridae) were found. They are S. shajariani sp. nov. phoretic on Tetramorium sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and S. ebermanni sp. nov. phoretic on Messor sp. The mentioned new species belong to groups of species with reduced setae e and h₂, and no setae 4b, respectively. These two new species are described and illustrated, and world keys are provided for respective species groups.     

New species and record of the genus Petalomium (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Neopygmephoridae) associated with ants (Hymenoptera: Formicoidea) from Iran

The mite Petalomium camponoti Hajiqanbar & Khaustov sp. n. (Acari: Prostigmata: Neopygmephoridae) is described based on females recovered from ants Camponotus buddhae Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) which were collected from a nest located on heights near Shirvan city, northeastern Iran. We also found Petalomium gottrauxi Mahunka, 1977 associated with Camponotus aethiops Latreille from the same locality. These findings present the first record of the genus Petalomium Cross from Iran. A key to species of the genus Petalomium associated with ant genus Camponotus Mayr is presented and host range of the Petalomium is discussed.     

A new species description of the acanthomus species group (Acari: Podapolipidae: Eutarsopolipus), with keys to world species of the group

Mites of the family Podapolipidae (Acari: Heterostigmatina) are permanent parasites of insects. During an intensive survey of insect parasitic mites in Iran, a new species of the genus Eutarsopolipus Berlese, 1911 (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Podapolipidae), belonging to the acanthomus species group, was found from the subelytra of Amara (Amara) aenea (De Geer, 1774) (Coleoptera: Carabidae). In this article, Eutarsopolipus amaraceus Tajodin and Hajiqanbar sp. nov. is described and compared with the most closely related species. In addition, keys to world species of all stages of the acanthomus group are provided, and the host range of all representatives of the group is discussed.     

A review of Polynesian Carposina Herrich‐Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), with descriptions of four new species

Hawaiian Carposina represent over 17% of the known world fauna of Carposinidae. In contrast, only two species are known for all of French Polynesia in the South Pacific. Here we describe four new species: two from the Hawaiian Islands, C arposina urbanae sp. nov. and C . gagneorum sp. nov. , and two from the Society Islands, C . longignathosa sp. nov. and C . brevinotata sp. nov. We further recognize another new Hawaiian species too worn to describe. Additionally, we present the first phylogeny for Polynesian Carposina, including 19 taxa, using one mitochondrial and two nuclear gene regions. The Hawaiian Carposina sampled thus far form a monophyletic clade. Lastly, we provide a framework to better understand the diversification and phylogeography of this group, and provide a summary of currently known host plant associations. Diversification appears to have resulted from interplay between host switching and geographic isolation across the Hawaiian Archipelago.     

Four new species of Scythrididae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) from Irano–Turanian area,with notes on taxonomy and distribution

Four new scythridid species are described: Scythris kabulella sp. nov. and S. claudiae sp. nov. from Afghanistan, S. alborzensis sp. nov. from Iran and S. bifasciella sp. nov. from Iran and Turkey. Scythris kabulella is closely related to S. bagdadiella Amsel, 1949 and is assigned to the S. bagdadiella species group because of its genital features. Scythris claudiae is also assigned to Scythris pascuella species group due to its genital features. At present, S. alborzensis and S. bifasciella could not be assigned to any known species group.     

Intraspecific or interspecific variation: delimitation of species boundaries within the genus Gammarus (Crustacea,Amphipoda, Gammaridae), with description of four new species

The delineation of Gammarus species is controversial because of extensive intraspecific morphological variation. The current study examined DNA sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the nuclear 28S genes as well as morphological and ecological data to determine the species boundaries of Gammarus species from China. The results of molecular analyses showed that Gammarus sp1, G. sp2, G. sp3, and G. sp4 are monophyletic and deeply divergent from sister groups. Detailed morphological and ecological comparisons with closely related species were consistent with molecular analyses. Gammarus sp1, G. sp2, G. sp3, and G. sp4 were described as four new species: Gammarus illustris sp. nov. , Gammarus clarus sp. nov. , Gammarus hypolithicus sp. nov. , and Gammarus parvioculus sp. nov. We recommend that molecular detected species should be formally named and described for future research. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 160 , 215–253.     

Three new species of the genus Leveillula from Iran

 Based on molecular and morphological studies, Leveillula guilanensis sp. nov. on Chondrilla juncea, L. lactucae-serriolae sp. nov. on Lactuca serriola, and L. mindii sp. nov. on Mindium laevigatum are described from Iran. Received: May 7, 2002 / Accepted: September 5, 2002 Correspondence to:S. Takamatsu     

中国陕西侧跗叶蜂属七新种及分种检索表（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

简要记述了中国陕西省侧跗叶蜂属研究状况。描述了侧跗叶蜂属7新种:中原侧跗叶蜂 Siobla centralia Niu & Wei sp. nov.,弯毛侧跗叶蜂S.curvata Niu & Wei sp.nov.,S. listoni Niu & Wei sp. nov.,柔刃侧跗叶蜂S. pseudoplesia Niu & Wei sp. nov.,秦巴侧跗叶蜂S. qinba Niu & Wei sp. nov.,陕西侧跗叶蜂S.shaanxi Niu & Wei sp. nov.,狭颊侧跗叶蜂S. vulgaria Niu & Wei sp. nov.编制了陕西省26种侧跗叶蜂的分种检索表。     

Subterranean species of the ant genus Crematogaster in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Three Crematogaster ant species, C. (Orthocrema) javanica Menozzi, C. (O.) myops Forel and C. (O.) masukoi sp. nov., share reduced compound eyes which characterizes them among Asian species of the subgenus Orthocrema. The new species is described based on material from Borneo. It can be distinguished from C. javanica and C. myops by its smooth surface of clypeus and acutely produced subpetiolar process. Reduced compound eyes and yellowish body suggest that these three species are subterranean.     

Two new species and one new record species of Rhopus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from China,with a key to Chinese species

Rhopus antennalis sp. nov. and R. qingdaoensis sp. nov. are described as new to science and R. nigroclavatus (Ashmead, 1902) is first recorded from China. A key to all the known Chinese species of the genus also presented.     

First reports of Grania (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Africa and South America: molecular phylogeny and descriptions of nine new species

In this article, our knowledge of the geographic distribution of Grania species is expanded by describing seven new species, G rania bekkouchei sp. nov. , G rania brasiliensis sp. nov. , G rania capensis sp. nov. , G rania chilensis sp. nov. , G rania cryptica sp. nov. , G rania hinojosai sp. nov. , and G rania simonae sp. nov. , from poorly investigated regions of the Southern Hemisphere, plus two new species, G rania carolinensis sp. nov. and G rania unitheca sp. nov. , from off the east coast of the USA. An immature achaetous specimen that we call Grania cf. levis was also included. The newly generated data were combined with a previously published data set in order to update the hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among Grania species. All new species except G . cryptica sp. nov. are supported by both morphological and molecular data. In addition, we find that G . chilensis sp. nov. is structured in at least four distinct populations along the Chilean coast. The species described from South Africa form a monophyletic clade where two are morphologically indistinguishable but diverging in both mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal genes, and thus we describe them as different species, G . bekkouchei sp. nov. and G . cryptica sp. nov. Among the North Carolinian species, G . unitheca sp. nov. is indicated as a close relative of Grania monospermatheca Erséus & Lasserre, 1976, and G . carolinensis sp. nov. is indicated as a close relative of G. cf. levis. The updated phylogeny is strongly concordant with geographical species distributions, thus supporting a low level of dispersal within this genus, as has previously been hypothesized. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London     

Description of a new genus with four new species of termite‐guest rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) associated with Hodotermopsis sjostedti (Isoptera: Termopsidae)

Hodotermopsiphila gen. nov. is described to include four termitophilous species: H. maruyamai sp. nov. (Yaku‐shima, Japan), H. nitens sp. nov. (Yaku‐shima, Japan), H. longisetosa sp. nov. (Taiwan), and H. sugayai sp. nov. (Taiwan and northern Laos). These species are associated with the damp‐wood termite, Hodotermopsis sjostedti Holmgren, 1911. Hodotermopsiphila species share possible apomorphic character states with three termitophilous species, Hodotermophilus gloriosus, Yakuus iwatai, and Termophidoholus formosanus, which are also associated with H. sjostedti.     

Review of the genus Eusterinx Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae) with descriptions of five new species from South Korea

South Korean species of the genus Eusterinx Förster are reviewed here. Nine species of the genus Eusterinx are found to occur in South Korea, and five species, Eusterinx (E.) elongata sp. nov. , E. (Holomeristus) hirtis sp. nov. , E. (Ischyracis) fulvipes sp. nov. , E. (I.) petiolata sp. nov. and E. (I.) rufithorax sp. nov. , are described. Four more species of Eusterinx from subgenera Divinatrix, Eusterinx and Holomeristus are recorded from South Korea for the first time. Hitherto, unknown male of the Eastern Palaearctic species E. (Divinatrix) kurilensis Humala is described. A key to all known species of the genus Eusterinx occurring in South Korea is provided.     

Taxonomic notes on the genus Holepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from Korea with descriptions of six new species

Six new species of the genus Holepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae: Epyrinae) from Korea are described: H. brevicarinatus sp. nov., H. crinitus sp. nov., H. dimidiatus sp. nov., H. longicephalus sp. nov., H. mucro sp. nov. and H. multo sp. nov. They are described with illustrations of male genitalia and the biometric measurement data. A key to the Korean species of Holepyris based on males is provided.     

Review of the Acanthopagrus latus complex (Perciformes: Sparidae) with descriptions of three new species from the Indo‐West Pacific Ocean

Acanthopagrus latus, long considered a single valid Indo‐West Pacific Ocean species, characterized by having yellow pelvic, anal and caudal fins, is reviewed and separated into A. latus (east Asian shelf) and Acanthopagrus longispinnis (Bengal Bay), and three new species: Acanthopagrus morrisoni sp. nov. (north‐western Australia), Acanthopagrus arabicus sp. nov. [Middle East (except for the Red Sea) to coasts of Iran and Pakistan, and western Indian coast] and Acanthopagrus sheim sp. nov. (The Gulf). Although A. latus as redefined considerably varies in morphology and colouration, it can be recognized as a discrete east Asian endemic, with the following nominal species being junior synonyms: Chrysophrys auripes, Chrysophrys xanthopoda, Chrysophrys rubroptera and Sparus chrysopterus. Chrysophrys novaecaledoniae, known only from the holotype (type locality: Nouméa, New Caledonia), is a questionable junior synonym of A. latus, the lack of subsequent collections suggesting that the type locality is erroneous. Acanthopagrus longispinnis is differentiated from the other species in the complex by consistently having 12 dorsal‐fin spines and a much larger second anal‐fin spine, 21–26% (mean 23%) of standard length (L_S) (v. 14–24%, mean 18–21% in the other four species). Acanthopagrus morrisoni sp. nov. has the entire caudal fin yellow with a wide black posterior margin (persisting in preserved specimens) and consistently 3 ½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal‐fin spine base and the lateral line. Acanthopagrus sheim sp. nov. has the pelvic, anal and lower caudal fins vivid yellow, with two (rarely three) small black blotches on the lower inter‐radial membranes between the spinous and soft dorsal‐fin rays. Acanthopagrus arabicus sp. nov. consistently has 4 ½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal‐fin spine base and the lateral line, whereas A. latus always has black streaks proximally on the inter‐radial membranes between the yellow anal‐fin rays. A neotype and lectotye, respectively, are designated for A. latus and A. longispinnis. The p‐distance (net nucleotide substitutions per site) of partial mitochondrial 16s ribosomal RNA genes (538 bp) among the above species (except A. longispinnis) and three other congeners (Acanthopagrus berda, Acanthopagrus pacificus and Acanthopagrus bifasciatus) strongly indicates that each is a distinct species. A key is provided for the 20 species of Acanthopagrus currently known from the Indo‐West Pacific Ocean.     

Three new species of the subgenus Parapenthecia from the Oriental Region (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Apenthecia)

Three new species of the subgenus Parapenthecia of the genus Apenthecia are reported from the Oriental Region: A. (P.) heterochaeta Chen and Toda, sp. nov. from Indonesia, and A. (P.) hispida Chen and Toda, sp. nov. and A. (P.) litongi Cao and Chen, sp. nov. from south China. Interestingly, the last species lacks a very peculiar character, the swollen or scale‐like orbital setae, which are commonly seen in all other species of the genus Apenthecia. A key to all species of the subgenus Parapenthecia is provided.     

Review of the Macrophya regia group (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from China with the descriptions of two new species

The Macrophya regia group is reviewed and five species are recognized from China, among them two new species, M. acutiserrula Li, Liu & Wei sp. nov. and M. frontalis Li, Liu & Zhu sp. nov., and three known species, M. regia Forsius 1930 , M. maculoclypeatina Wei et al. 2003, and M. xiaoi Wei et al. 2003. A key to the Chinese species of the Macrophya regia group are provided.