2016年吉林省健康从业人员麻疹和风疹抗体水平调查分析

目的调查分析吉林省2016年健康从业人员的麻疹(measles)和风疹(rubella)的抗体水平。方法采用方便抽样的方法,采集吉林省2016年各地区18岁及以上健康从业人员1 419人的血清,检测其麻疹和风疹的IgG抗体,进行描述性分析。结果 2016年吉林省健康从业人员麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为91.26%,风疹IgG抗体阳性率为81.46%。麻疹和风疹报告病例的时间分布,主要流行季节均在春季。吉林省8个地市麻疹IgG抗体阳性率在82.00%～98.00%之间,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=35.59,P<0.05);风疹IgG抗体阳性率在63.75%～86.24%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=37.49,P<0.05)。男性与女性麻疹IgG抗体阳性率分别为92.64%和90.70%,性别差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.38、P=1.42,P>0.05);男性与女性的风疹IgG抗体阳性率分别为82.84%和80.91%,性别差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.72,P=0.22,P>0.05)。各年龄组麻疹IgG抗体阳性率在88.73%～100.00%之间,年龄差异无统计学意义(χ~2=7.11、P=0.21,P>0.05);风疹IgG抗体阳性率在75.00%～88.89%之间,年龄差异无统计学意义(χ~2=11.24、P=0.47,P>0.05)。结论 2016年吉林省健康从业人员麻疹和风疹的IgG抗体阳性率未达到可形成免疫屏障的水平,建议对该人群开展麻疹和风疹疫苗加强免疫。     

2020年广州市荔湾区健康人群麻疹、风疹和水痘的IgG抗体水平监测分析

目的了解广州市荔湾区2020年健康人群的麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体水平,为本地制定免疫规划策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法确定被调查对象,采集血液标本共238份,进行麻疹、风疹和水痘的IgG抗体水平监测并进行分析。结果 ELISA检测血清样本共238份,麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体阳性率分别为97.06%、92.02%和79.41%,抗体几何平均浓度(geometric mean concentration, GMC)分别为1 204.65、43.38和290.38 mIU/mL。男女性别比为1.02∶1,麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2～4岁组麻疹IgG阳性率最低,不同年龄组阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=48.158,P0.05);0～1岁组的风疹IgG抗体阳性率最低,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=36.980,P0.05);0～1岁组水痘IgG抗体阳性率非常低,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=30.832,P0.05)。接种麻疹疫苗≥2剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率为95.10%,不同免疫史差异无统计学意义(P=0.448,P0.05);接种风疹疫苗0剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率最低,不同免疫史差异无统计学意义(P=0.020,P0.05);接种水痘减毒活疫苗0剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率最低,接种2剂次的阳性率最高,不同免疫史差异有统计学意义(P=0.010,P0.05)。结论本区麻疹、风疹IgG抗体均维持在较高水平并有所提高;水痘IgG抗体水平较低,存在暴发、流行的可能。应加强麻疹、风疹免疫接种和查漏补种工作;有针对性地宣传水痘减毒活疫苗并推广接种;还须积极开展麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体水平监测。     

大连地区孕前期及孕早期妇女TORCH检测结果分析

目的通过化学发光分析法对大连市妇幼保健院就诊的2 293例孕前和孕早期妇女TORCH检测结果进行分析,统计得出其感染的阳性率,为本地区育龄期妇女保健提供参考依据,加强TORCH对孕产妇影响的认识,并指导做好预防工作。方法采用化学发光免疫分析法(CLIA)对2 293例孕前期及孕早期妇女进行巨细胞病毒(CMV)、单纯疱疹(HSV)、风疹(RV)、弓形虫(TOX)的IgG以及IgM进行检测。结果 IgG抗体检测结果:TOX阳性率为1.25%,CMV阳性率为95.04%,RV阳性率为84.78%,HSV阳性率为94.31%。IgM抗体检测结果:TOX阳性率为1.39%,CMV阳性率为1.48%,RV阳性率为2.28%,HSV阳性率为10.50%。结论大连地区孕前期及孕早期妇女TORCH的阳性率偏高,TORCH的感染影响人口的质量,与优生优育有着重要的关系,要积极做好检测和预防,及早的干预和治疗。     

潍坊市健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体水平调查

目的了解潍坊市健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎血清抗体水平,为消除麻疹、控制风疹及腮腺炎疫情提供依据。方法 2011年8月,采集昌乐、潍城2个县区<2、2～5、5～8、8～11、11～15、15～20、20～40、>40岁健康人群血标本,应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎IgG抗体。结果检测总数320人,其中昌乐县健康人群的麻疹抗体阳性率为98.75%、潍城为96.25%;风疹抗体阳性率昌乐县健康人群为89.38%、潍城区为91.88%。昌乐、潍城两地区健康人群麻疹、风疹的抗体阳性率差异均无统计学意义(χ2=1.15、0.59,P>0.05);昌乐县健康人群腮腺炎抗体阳性率为84.38%、潍城区健康人群为66.25%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.14,P<0.01);8组不同年龄健康人群的麻疹抗体阳性率为92.50%～100%,风疹抗体阳性率为87.50%～92.50%,腮腺炎抗体阳性率为67.50%～85.00%,各年龄组间均无统计学意义(χ2=13.49、1.58、5.23,P>0.05)。结论潍坊市麻疹抗体阳性率较高,风疹、腮腺炎抗体阳性率相对偏低,今后须要积极开展学龄儿童麻腮风三联疫苗的查漏补种工作。     

长沙市2014年健康人群麻疹抗体水平分析

目的了解长沙市健康人群麻疹血清抗体水平,为制定免疫策略提供依据。方法按照整群分层随机抽样的原则,在长沙市所辖区、县按年龄分层随机抽取调查对象。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测麻疹Ig G抗体;数据采用SPSS 13.0处理,用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果共采样调查275人,麻疹抗体阳性率为96.7%。不同性别麻疹抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。<1岁组的麻疹Ig G抗体阳性率偏低,为77.4%;3~、5~、10~及≥15岁组的阳性率均为100.0%;1~岁组和7~岁组次之,分别为98.2%和97.3%。有麻疹类疫苗免疫史人群的麻疹抗体阳性率高于无麻疹类疫苗免疫史人群,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论长沙市健康人群麻疹血清抗体阳性率较高,基本形成了预防麻疹的免疫屏障。     

青海省2006年14岁以下儿童百日咳白喉破伤风抗体水平监测

调查青海省0~14岁健康儿童百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体水平,抽样评价预防接种质量。在全省六州一地一市各选择1个县,对0~14岁健康儿童进行抗体检测。结果显示,百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体阳性率分别为93.42%、94.96%和92.93%。不同地区0~14岁健康儿童百日咳、白喉和破伤风抗体阳性率虽有差别,但都达到较高的抗体水平;个别地区抗体水平低,说明青海省儿童计划免疫工作存在薄弱环节。     

18～60岁健康人群肺炎链球菌IgG抗体水平调查

目的了解18~60岁健康人群肺炎链球菌IgG抗体水平,为肺炎链球菌性疾病的预防与控制提供参考依据。方法选取甘肃、宁夏健康献浆员为调查对象,分为18~30、31~40、41~50、51~60岁4个年龄组,共调查347人。采用WHO推荐的标准化酶联免疫吸附试验检测12种肺炎链球菌血清型IgG抗体水平,并计算IgG抗体阳性率和几何平均浓度(Geometric mean concentration,GMC)。结果质控血清QC907的IgG抗体浓度均值与参考值之间的误差百分数均未超过±40%,测定值符合其参考值范围,各血清型抗体浓度检测结果的CV均30%。347份血清样品肺炎链球菌IgG抗体总阳性率为64.8%~96.0%,GMC为0.37~2.24μg/m L。不同血清型间IgG抗体GMC差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同年龄组同种血清型IgG抗体阳性率及GMC均无统计学意义(P0.05)。除19F型外,不同地区同种血清型IgG抗体阳性率均有统计学意义(P0.05);除4、7F、14和18C型外,不同地区同种血清型IgG抗体GMC间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 18~60岁健康人群肺炎链球菌IgG抗体水平普遍较高,对肺炎链球菌主要流行血清型均具有一定的保护力。     

甘肃省1～59岁人群乙型肝炎病毒感染的血清流行病学调查

为了解甘肃省现阶段乙型肝炎病毒感染的现状,分析乙肝病毒感染血清学指标的变化,采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,抽取5个县区1~59岁人群共2200人进行调查。以ELISA方法对血清标本统一检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)。结果显示,甘肃省1~59岁调查人群HBsAg阳性率为3.59%,抗-HBs和抗-HBc阳性率分别为49.45%、16.33%;HBV总感染率为27.50%。比1992年HBV总感染率下降了36.48%,HBsAg阳性率下降了45.94%;1~4岁儿童HBsAg阳性率仅为1.13%,比1992年(5.34%)下降78.84%。甘肃省1~59岁人群乙肝病毒感染率下降,抗-HBs阳性率升高,尤其在1~4岁儿童变化更为明显;甘肃省乙肝感染逐步呈现由中高流行转向低流行区的趋势;乙肝疫苗免疫取得显著效果。     

深圳市南山区健康人群百日咳抗体水平及疫苗免疫成功率监测

目的了解深圳市南山区健康人群百日咳免疫现状及疫苗免疫成功率。方法健康人群抗体水平监测按照<1岁、1岁~、2岁~、3岁~、4岁~、5岁~、10岁~、15岁~、≥20岁共9个年龄组,每个年龄组随机抽取50~60人共508人进行观察,采用ELISA检测其百日咳抗体水平,免疫成功率监测选定监测对象为50人,同一对象于基础免疫前和完成基础免疫后1个月进行抗体水平检测。结果健康人群百日咳抗体阳性率为44.3%,抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)为21.69 U/m L。免疫成功率的免疫前抗体检测结果为:阴性94.0%、临界4.0%、阳性2.0%,抗体GMC为3.39 U/m L;免疫后抗体检测结果:阴性38.0%、临界16.0%、阳性46.0%,抗体GMC为20.75 U/m L。结论深圳市南山区健康人群百日咳抗体阳性率和免疫成功率均不高,提示要提高百日咳疫苗的免疫成功率和接种率,必要时进行加强免疫。     

百色市2006-2013年风疹流行病学分析

目的探讨百色市2006—2013年风疹的流行特征,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法收集2006—2013年百色市风疹疫情报告资料,采用描述性统计方法进行分析。结果 2006—2013年百色市风疹报告病例数共1 127例,平均发病率为3.92/10万。各年份均有发病,以4—6月为发病高峰。病例分布在百色市各县区,45.08%病例为10~19岁人群,主要集中在学生、散居儿童、幼托儿童。结论百色市风疹发病高峰从儿童向青少年、成年人转移,应在保持适龄儿童风疹疫苗高水平接种率的基础上,适时开展对青年,特别是育龄期妇女推广使用风疹疫苗,从而提高对风疹病毒的免疫力,降低风疹和先天性风疹综合征(CRS)的发生。     

Incidence of Rubella Antibodies in Female Subjects

Sera from females aged 1 to 40 years were assayed for rubella virus antibodies. Results showed that by age 14 years, 60% had antibodies and that by 19 years, 70% were positive. This figure rose to 80% by 24 years of age and remained unchanged in older age groups.A comparison of the incidence of high and low levels of antibodies in each age group revealed that antibody levels fell between ages 20 and 40 years. Only 20% of individuals in the latter group had a high antibody level compared to 80% in the former.These results are discussed as they relate to the problems of reinfection and possible vaccination procedures.     

The Need for Routine Rubella Antibody Testing of Women

Results of rubella antibody tests performed by the California State Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory on blood specimens collected in 1968 and 1969 from school children and women of childbearing age showed a slightly lower prevalence of rubella antibody in California than reported from most other areas of the United States. Among women of childbearing age, rubella hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody was found in 72 percent of those tested in California compared with 80 percent to 90 percent in other areas of the country.Rubella antibody testing services offered by the State Virus Laboratory included situations in which a pregnant woman was exposed to a suspected case of rubella. It was shown that very few of these exposures constitute a significant risk to the fetus as most of the women already possessed antibody to rubella from past infection and in many instances the exposures were not to actual cases of rubella.The results of this study emphasized the urgency of obtaining blood specimens from pregnant women as soon as possible after exposure to rubella or development of symptoms of rubella. The urgency and anxiety attending these situations can largely be obviated if routine rubella antibody testing of women is carried out prior to pregnancy or at the first prenatal visit.     

Dystocia and cesarean section

We performed an anonymous seroprevalence survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection through HIV antibody testing of blood samples from 22,512 women aged 15 to 44 years receiving prenatal care in British Columbia and the Yukon Territory from Mar. 15 to Sept. 30, 1989. Of the samples six were confirmed to be HIV positive; this yielded a crude overall seroprevalence rate of 2.7 per 10,000 pregnant women (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0 to 5.8). All of the positive samples were from women 20 to 29 years of age; four were from Vancouver, one was from Victoria, and one was from elsewhere. The highest seroprevalence rates were among women aged 15 to 29 years in Vancouver and Victoria (7.2 and 9.4 per 10,000 pregnant women respectively). Thus, 1 in 1300 pregnant women in that age group in the metropolitan areas of British Columbia was HIV positive. Application of seroprevalence rates to the total female population in British Columbia and the Yukon Territory revealed that as many as 401 women had HIV infection in 1989. Our estimates likely represent the minimum. As a subset of women of childbearing age pregnant women are likely at lowest risk of HIV infection, and so the true number of women 15 to 44 years of age with HIV infection is probably several times higher. Our study has provided a baseline assessment and will be repeated annually to analyse trends in HIV seroprevalence among pregnant women in British Columbia and the Yukon Territory.     

2012年广州市越秀区疑似麻疹风疹病例血清学检测结果分析

目的:对2012年广州市越秀区疑似麻疹风疹的血清学结果进行整理分析,以了解麻疹风疹病例的流行特点。方法:选取2012年1月-2012年12月的166例疑似麻疹风疹患者的血清作为研究对象,统计血清中IgM阳性抗体的检出情况,以及各年龄段、月份IgM抗体阳性的例数及构成比。结果:麻疹风疹疑似病例中有36.1%的患者检测出IgM抗体阳性,其中麻疹IgM阳性以0-1岁婴幼儿的检出率较高,可达44.4%。从月份来看,12月、8月和5月是麻疹的好发时期。风疹IgM阳性以20岁以上中老年患者检出率最高,为75.0%,7月、4月和5月是风疹的易感季节。结论:疑似麻疹风疹病例有较高的IgM抗体阳性检出率,0-1岁婴幼儿和20岁以上中老年人是麻疹风疹的易感人群,4-5、7-8和12月是发病的高峰时期,临床应注意加强防范。     

Guide to the management of rubella problems.

Despite the availability of rubella vaccine the incidence of the congenital rubella syndrome has been increasing in certain regions of Canada. Perhaps this is not surprising in view of the known irregular cyclic activity of rubella virus in a community and the fact that the percentage of seropositive women of childbearing age has not changed appreciable since the vaccine was introduced. Clearly vaccine is not being administered to sufficient numbers of women at risk. Until a much higher percentage of women of childbearing age possess rubella antibody, the costly problem of congenital rubella syndrome is likely to be with us. Common rubella problems relate to four categories: the exposed pregnant woman, laboratory diagnosis, the infant with suspected congenital rubella and the vaccine. One of the most common questions about the vaccine is the following: Can recently vaccinated individuals disseminate vaccine and infect seronegative contact? The answer is No.     

Rubella Virus Infections During Pregnancy,Toronto, 1963-66

Among 670 pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinics of two Toronto city hospitals and one suburban hospital between May 1963 and January 1966, 29 of 550 patients apparently acquired rubella neutralizing antibodies, including 12 whose initial sera were collected during the first trimester. None developed overt rubella. Although rubella antibodies were detected in 61 to 79% of mothers aged 20 years or more, and antibody conversions were detected in 4 to 10% of mothers in each five-year age group between 16 and 39 years, tho rubella syndrome did not appear among any of their offspring. Five of seven other infants, aged 4 to 22 weeks, with the rubella syndrome excreted rubella virus. Rubella neutralizing antibodies were detected in all seven of these infants; these persisted at least 56 weeks in one subject. One mother who received gamma globulin during the first trimester was delivered of an infant who showed signs of the rubella syndrome.     

德州市孕期妇女麻疹抗体水平调查分析

目的了解孕期妇女麻疹抗体水平,为麻疹免疫策略提供依据。方法2005-2006年,在德州市随机抽取部分地区20-38岁孕期妇女进行血清麻疹IgG抗体检测。结果检测702人,麻疹IgG抗体阳性率为84．33％,保护率为37．75％,抗体几何平均滴度（GMT）为1：176．81。不同地区麻疹抗体阳性率和GMT的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;GMT呈现随年龄增长而增加的趋势（P〈0．05）。结论德州市孕期妇女麻疹IgG抗体水平较低。     

Rubella screening and immunisation of schoolgirls: results six to seven years after vaccination.

A long term follow-up study was carried out of girls given RA27/3 or Cendehill rubella vaccine in their 13th-14th year compared with a group of girls who had been found to be naturally immune at the age. A high proportion of the girls in all groups had persistent rubella antibody six to seven years after inclusion in the study, although some of these would have been considered to be susceptible to rubella by methods currently in use for screening for rubella antibody. Great care should be taken in interpreting the efficiency of the schoolgirl immunisation policy in the United Kingdom; women in their childbearing years who may have received vaccine but are found by a screening test to be seronegative should be retested by a more sensitive procedure before a final report is made.     

A Survey of Rubella Antibodies in Health Personnel and a Report of Vaccine Trial

Five hundred and seventy female health science personnel between the ages of 18 and 25 years were examined for antibodies to the rubella virus by the hemagglutination inhibition technique. Approximately 90% of the subjects had a titre of 1:20 or higher. The geometric mean titre of the positive sera was 1:251. Sixty-four of the 77 persons with an antibody of 1:20 or less volunteered to take the vaccine and were examined six weeks later for the development of antibodies. The conversion rate for the 51 persons who were negative at the dilution of 1:20 at the outset was 94%; the rate of antibody increment for the 13 persons who were positive at 1:20 at the outset was 77%. Among the 51 persons who developed antibodies, the geometric mean titre was 1:57 and among the other 13 it was 1:49. Although the trial was conducted in adult females, the number of side effects from the vaccine was remarkably scanty and insignificant. This trial would seem to emphasize the importance of avoiding the use of rubella vaccine in women of child-bearing age without first excluding pregnancy with meticulous care and using active and controllable contraceptive methods for the two months following vaccination.