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1.
产气荚膜梭菌促进黑腹果蝇的生长和发育   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster肠道中栖生着众多微生物,通过分离和研究其内共生菌,以研究肠道菌群的多态性和作用。【方法】利用Hungate滚管技术从黑腹果蝇成虫肠道分离厌氧细菌;通过记录果蝇的发育历期和生长速率,检测该细菌对果蝇发育和生长的影响。【结果】首次从黑腹果蝇肠道内分离到一株产气荚膜梭菌Clostridium perfringens。该菌能够有效地定植到果蝇肠道内,是果蝇肠道共生菌。产气荚膜梭菌显著地缩短无菌果蝇的发育历期,将无菌果蝇成蛹天数由20 d缩短到8.1 d,羽化天数由30 d缩短到12.7 d。该菌还可以提高果蝇生长速率。【结论】本研究揭示了产气荚膜梭菌是果蝇的内共生菌,可以通过提高生长速率而有效地促进果蝇的生长和发育。  相似文献   

2.
目的 分离和鉴定黑腹果蝇肠道共生微生物,并研究其促进果蝇身体发育的功能。方法 利用Hungate滚管技术,分离厌氧细菌;运用定植实验证明其为果蝇肠道共生菌;用悉菌实验来检测细菌对果蝇发育的影响。结果 本研究从野外捕获的果蝇体内分离到蜂房哈夫尼菌(Hafnia alvei),而且证实它能够在果蝇肠道内有效地定植并且能在培养基中稳定持续地存在,说明蜂房哈夫尼菌是果蝇肠道共生菌。此外,蜂房哈夫尼菌能显著地缩短无菌果蝇的发育周期及提高生长速率。结论 证明了蜂房哈夫尼菌是果蝇肠道的共生菌,并且其可以有效地促进果蝇的生长发育。  相似文献   

3.
【背景】动物体定殖有多种共生微生物,这些共生微生物严重影响着宿主生理和病理,日益成为研究热点之一。【目的】分离与鉴定黑腹果蝇共生菌,探究表皮葡萄球菌对黑腹果蝇的发育影响和潜在作用机制。【方法】用CEM培养基(Carotenoid expression medium)从果蝇肠道内分离细菌,通过16SrRNA基因序列比对鉴定菌株;以发育时间和幼虫表面积检测果蝇的发育时期和生长速率;利用实时定量PCR检测果蝇促前胸腺激素与胰岛素通路的激活。【结果】从果蝇体内分离到的菌株为表皮葡萄球菌,该菌可以有效定殖于果蝇的肠道。表皮葡萄球菌通过提高果蝇生长速率而显著促进其发育。在分子水平上,表皮葡萄球菌激活PTTH和胰岛素信号以刺激宿主的生长发育。【结论】表皮葡萄球菌是果蝇的一种共生菌,可以通过调控PTTH和胰岛素信号而刺激果蝇生长发育。  相似文献   

4.
Zhang SP  Xue L 《遗传》2012,34(7):819-828
对动物体内单个细胞的谱系进行分析有助于追踪其在发育过程中的作用,但是体内各种组织都是由很多形态、结构、功能各不相同的细胞构成的复杂系统,这种复杂性严重阻碍了对单个细胞的研究。嵌合克隆技术(Mosaic technique)和标记技术(Labeling technique)的出现为这一研究提供了强有力的手段。文章介绍了近几年来黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)研究中常用的7种嵌合克隆标记方法,包括FRT介导的有丝分裂重组(FRT-mediated mitotic recombination)、MARCM(Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker)、TSG(Twin spotgenerator)、Twin-spot MARCM、Q-MARCM(Q system-based MARCM)、Coupled MARCM和G-TRACE(Gal4technique for real-time and clonal expression)技术,详述了这些技术的原理及应用,并对不同技术进行了对比。运用这些技术研究者可以从单细胞水平进行遗传学标记和操作,特别是在神经系统等复杂系统中追踪单个细胞的发育过程。果蝇中的这些技术也将为其他模式生物追踪细胞谱系提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
以模式昆虫黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)及捕食性天敌异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis)为研究系统,通过把异色瓢虫接入到有黑腹果蝇的指形管中,研究了黑腹果蝇雌、雄成虫单独或共同被异色瓢虫捕食胁迫后,其自身寿命、子代的生长发育、繁殖和适合度的变化。结果表明:当雄性黑腹果蝇受到异色瓢虫成虫胁迫时,其寿命明显延长,但胁迫与否对雌性黑腹果蝇的寿命无明显影响;当黑腹果蝇的雌雄成虫同时受到胁迫时,其子代幼虫的发育历期延长,雄性后代寿命也增加,而雌性或雄性黑腹果蝇单独受到胁迫,其子代幼虫发育进度没有明显改变;当初孵黑腹果蝇幼虫受到异色瓢虫成虫直接或间接捕食胁迫后,其后续幼虫的发育历期都会受到影响,其中1龄期受到的间接捕食胁迫作用的影响大于直接捕食胁迫作用,直接捕食胁迫1龄幼虫比间接捕食胁迫更能延长其将来雌性成虫的寿命。  相似文献   

6.
黑腹果蝇的性别控制   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
王慧超  朱勇  夏庆友 《遗传》2003,25(1):97-101
性别的形成包括两个过程,即性别决定和性别分化。果蝇的性别控制研究包括性别决定、性别分化、性别鉴定、性别诱导和性别控制5个方面。性别决定是在两种不同发育途径之间的选择,它提供了一个研究基因调控的模式系统。果蝇的性别决定问题已经研究得相当详细[1]。性别分化是使胚胎向着雌性或雄性发育的过程,决定了性别表型。果蝇的性别分化也取得了不少研究成果。近年来,许多重要的性别调控基因已被克隆和鉴定。随着果蝇基因组全序列测定的完成,果蝇的性别控制研究将会更为深入而完善。本文对与黑腹果蝇性别决定和性别分化相关的一些问题进行综述。  相似文献   

7.
徐皓哲  王璐  王杰  胡文  李榕  刘威 《微生物学通报》2018,45(12):2662-2672
【背景】共生菌对宿主的很多生理功能有着重要影响,但微生物菌群的多样性和复杂性使得探索其潜在的机制存在困难。黑腹果蝇的无菌和悉菌模型可以被用来研究细菌和宿主的相互作用。【目的】分离和鉴定果蝇肠道大肠杆菌,并研究其对宿主生长发育的影响。【方法】利用大肠杆菌选择性培养基分离果蝇肠道大肠杆菌,通过16S rRNA基因序列比对鉴定菌株。利用体外和体内定殖实验验证共生关系。通过果蝇的发育历期和生长速率实验检测该细菌对宿主生长发育的影响。利用RT-qPCR技术对促胸腺激素及胰岛素信号通路相关基因的表达水平进行检测。【结果】从实验室饲养和野生果蝇肠道体内分离并鉴定得到大肠杆菌。体内和体外定殖试验中大肠杆菌可以和果蝇肠道共生菌共存,说明大肠杆菌是果蝇肠道共生菌。另外,大肠杆菌通过提高果蝇生长速率促进其发育。在分子水平上,大肠杆菌可以激活果蝇体内脑促胸腺激素和胰岛素信号通路相关基因的表达。【结论】大肠杆菌是果蝇肠道共生菌并能促进果蝇生长发育。  相似文献   

8.
果蝇是一种重要的模式生物,为遗传学研究作出了巨大贡献。近几十年来,在发育生物学、行为生物学、神经生物学等领域也都发挥了十分关键的作用。脂质是构成生命的4大类基本物质之一,但关于果蝇脂质组特征研究并不多,尤其是黑腹果蝇在生长发育过程中的脂质组含量变化尚未见报导。为更全面了解果蝇生长发育的特性,本研究应用脂质组学方法,系统地表征了黑腹果蝇成虫生长过程中的337种脂质分子的变化。结果显示,磷脂总量从152.61 ± 4.92 nmol/mg 降低至112.3 ± 3.87 nmol/mg,其中溶血磷脂酰胆碱含量从0.70 ± 0.03 nmol/mg 升高至0.93 ± 0.11 nmol/mg。而中性脂甘油三酯 (TAG) 和甘油二酯 (DAG) 变化最剧烈,伴随果蝇生长,从356.12 ± 34.05 nmol/mg下降至86.99 ± 13.07 nmol/mg。同时,分析了与细胞膜稳定性有关的膜脂碳链长度、双键数目(DBI)和磷脂酰胆碱(PC)/磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)比值的变化。结果显示,果蝇成虫在生长阶段早中期(8~15 d)细胞膜最稳定,通过增加膜脂双键数目(10%~20%)和升高PC/PE比值(14%),增强膜稳定性。黑腹果蝇在成虫生长的不同阶段,其脂质分子组成特征不同,我们所发现的黑腹果蝇成虫生长过程中脂质分子含量变化,一方面为在脂质水平研究黑腹果蝇生长调控奠定了重要基础,另一方面也为黑腹果蝇作为研究模型时控制其正常健康生长提供了参考标准。  相似文献   

9.
黑腹果蝇的分离变相因子   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
郝莉  吴仲义  戴灼华 《遗传》1999,21(4):57-62
众所周知,一对基因在杂合状态中保持相对的独立性,而在配子形成时,又按原样以相同比例分离到不同的配子中去,这是生物中最基本的遗传规律———孟德尔分离定律。但实际上并不是所有基因的分离都严格遵循孟德尔分离定律,存在于黑腹果蝇中的分离变相因子(SegregationDistorter,以下简称SD)就是一种具有减数分裂驱动(meioticdrive)性质的、违反孟德尔分离定律的特殊遗传因子,从六十年代发现至今引起了人们的广泛关注,本文从其遗传背景,结构特征及进化规律等方面分别介绍一些近期的研究结果。1…  相似文献   

10.
樱桃新害虫黑腹果蝇的生物学特性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
郭建明 《昆虫知识》2007,44(5):743-745
果蝇是近几年发现危害樱桃果实的一类重要害虫,在国内外樱桃产区均有发生。天水地区危害甜樱桃的果蝇有3个种,分别是黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster Meigen、铃木氏果蝇Drosophila suzukii(Matsumura)和海德氏果蝇Drosophila hydei(Sturtevant),黑腹果蝇为优势种。作者记述黑腹果蝇对甜樱桃果实的危害情况、寄主范围及其生活史、生活习性、发育历期与温度的关系等,调查发现蚂蚁是樱桃果蝇的天敌之一。  相似文献   

11.
目的 筛选具有缓解盐碱胁迫潜力的野生稻源高效内生细菌;并评估所筛得菌株(Enterobacter hormaechei QT2)对盐碱胁迫下栽培稻生长、生理及产量的影响;为盐碱地水稻稳产增效及抗逆菌剂开发提供理论依据。 方法 从野生稻叶片分离内生菌E. hormaechei QT2;通过盆栽试验(中重度盐碱土)及田间验证(pH 9.3;电导率1 262 μS/cm);分析其促生特性及对栽培稻的增产效应。 结果 盐碱胁迫下;接种QT2显著(P<0.05)改善了栽培稻的生长表型:株高、根长、鲜重和干重较未接菌对照分别增加101.0%、46.1%、137.4%和447.0%。同时;栽培稻叶片中渗透调节物质显著积累;可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量分别提升135.7%、94.0%和205.2%;丙二醛(MDA)含量降低59.6%;膜稳定性(MSI)提高42.3%;栽培稻叶片抗氧化系统活性显著增强;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量分别提高57.5%、73.3%和39.4%;栽培稻叶片光合作用增强;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量分别提高了30.69%、78.57%、75.62%。此外;菌株QT2还表现出多种植物促生长特性(固氮、溶磷、解钾、产IAA、产ACC脱氨酶及产氨)。田间试验证实;接种QT2可使盐碱地栽培稻产量提高 29.5%;菌剂QT2投入产出比达1∶46。 结论 内生细菌E. hormaechei QT2通过协同调控渗透平衡、增强抗氧化防御、提升光合效率等机制;有效缓解盐碱胁迫对栽培稻的抑制作用;显著促进其生长并提高产量。  相似文献   

12.
    
Contamination of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods by pathogenic bacteria may predispose consumers to foodborne diseases. This study investigated the presence of bacterial contaminants and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in three locally processed RTE foods (eko, fufu and zobo) vended in urban markets in Ogun state, Nigeria. Bacteria isolated from a total of 120 RTE food samples were identified by 16S rRNA gene phylogeny while susceptibility patterns to eight classes of antibiotics were determined by the disc diffusion method. Species belonging to the genera Acinetobacter and Enterobacter were recovered from all RTE food types investigated, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus were recovered from eko and fufu samples, while those of Shigella were recovered from eko samples. Enterobacter hormaechei was the most prevalent species in all three RTE food types. Precisely 99% of 149 isolates were multidrug-resistant, suggesting a high risk for RTE food handlers and consumers. Co-resistance to ampicillin and cephalothin was the most frequently observed resistance phenotype. Results demonstrate that improved hygiene practices by food processors and vendors are urgently required during RTE processing and retail. Also, adequate food safety guidelines, regulation and enforcement by relevant government agencies are needed to improve the safety of RTE foods and ensure the protection of consumer health.  相似文献   

13.
    
Fusarium wilt is an economically important disease of tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) represent an alternative to improve plant growth and yield as well as to act as agent of biocontrol. In this study, antagonistic effects of four selected isolates (EB8D, EB20J, EB24L and EB26M) were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici (FORL) as potential biocontrol agents in vitro and in vivo. After 30?days of culture, dry weight, length of stem and root were significantly (p?≤?.05) higher compared with the non-inoculated control. Compared with the control plate (inoculated only with pathogen), EB8D had showed efficient antagonism against FORL (48.88%). The different strains have been screened for siderophore production, solubilisation of mineral phosphates, synthesis of indolic acetic acid (IAA) to show the plant growth-promoting potential. The experimental groups were compared with a control group that did not receive any treatment by FORL, and EB8D was the best isolate in terms of growth promotion with an improvement of 73.85% of the stem length, 110.86% of the root length and 118.85% of the dry weight comparing with the non-treated controls. Compared with a control group treated by FORL, biocontrol activity has shown that EB8D strain improved the stem length with 111.85%, the root length with 118.85% and the dry weight with 452.38%. 16S rRNA analysis has confirmed that this strain belongs to the genus Enterobacter and has high similarity with Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. steigerwaltii (99.71%). EB8D has a significant strong protective potential against FORL and lead to better tomato growth and might have biotechnological potential for controlling fusarium wilt in tomato plants.  相似文献   

14.
  总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
The insect ovary is a modular structure, the functional unit of which is the ovariole. Ovariole number is positively correlated with potential reproductive output. Among drosophilids (Insecta: Diptera), ovariole number shows both phenotypic plasticity and substantial interspecific and interpopulational variation. Here we examine the mechanistic connection between phenotypic plasticity and genetically fixed variation in ovariole number within the melanogaster species group. When a laboratory population of Drosophila melanogaster was reared under reduced food conditions, differences in ovariole number were entirely due to alterations in cell differentiation during the wandering stage at the very end of larval development. Cell growth and cell death were not affected. When these same flies were reared under a variety of temperatures, ovariole number differences arose during the latter half of the third (final) larval instar. Cell differentiation was affected, although cell number was not, and ovariole number differences were established before metamorphosis. In contrast, genetically fixed, interspecific and interpopulational variability in ovariole number was caused by alterations in the dynamics of cell differentiation and by cell number differences. Furthermore, the stages affected were different in different species and populations in the melanogaster species group, ranging from the first (D. sechellia) through the middle of the third (D. simulans and D. mauritiana) larval stage. Therefore, the mechanistic bases for plasticity-based variability are largely distinct from the mechanistic bases for interspecific and interpopulational variability. Our results suggest that phenotypic plasticity indicates evolutionary flexibility in underlying ontogenetic processes.  相似文献   

15.
1. Geographically distinct host populations often experience very different ecological conditions. These variable ecological conditions impact the strength of selection that these hosts experience from their parasites. 2. Numerous studies have characterized geographical patterns of resistance to infection among natural populations in the context of host-parasite local adaptation, but what other factors might contribute to these differences? 3. Here, we determined whether 20 naturally isolated populations of Drosophila melanogaster collected along the East Coast of the United States varied for survival after being inoculated with one of two species of bacteria--Lactococcus lactis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We then asked whether host environment accounted for the observed patterns of resistance. 4. Resistance to both types of infection varied spatially. The hosts' natural environment was predictive of the observed spatial variation in resistance to L. lactis, but not P. aeruginosa, infection. Specifically, hosts exposed to species-rich bacterial communities were more likely to survive the infection. 5. We conclude that biotic characteristics of the host environment, specifically the number of species of bacteria hosts encounter, shape host resistance to bacterial infection in nature. We discuss our results in the context of what is known about the evolutionary ecology of resistance in invertebrate systems.  相似文献   

16.
7【目的】沃尔巴克氏体Wolbachia是一类母系遗传的革兰氏阴性菌;是昆虫中最常见的胞内共生菌之一;可通过多种方式影响宿主的生殖和行为;但其影响机制还不甚清楚。本研究旨在探讨一种毒力较强的Wolbachia菌株wMelPop侵染对雄性黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster肠道细菌的影响。【方法】解剖感染wMelPop的黑腹果蝇(Pop+)和未感染的黑腹果蝇(Pop-)雄成虫完整肠道;提取总DNA;利用Illumina NovaSeq平台对肠道细菌16S rDNA基因的V3-V4区进行测序;比较分析Pop+和Pop-肠道细菌的物种组成、丰度及α多样性;并通过qPCR验证表达量具有显著差异的3个属的6种肠道微生物高通量测序数据的有效性。【结果】α多样性分析显示;wMelPop侵染提高了雄性黑腹果蝇肠道细菌丰度;降低了肠道菌的多样性。Pop-肠道中;优势菌属是不动杆菌属Acinetobacter、假单胞菌属Pseudomonas、醋杆菌属Acetobacter和嗜盐单胞菌属Halomonas。与Pop-相比;Pop+肠道中假单胞菌属的相对丰度显著下调;而醋杆菌属和乳杆菌属Lactobacillus的相对丰度显著上调。qPCR验证结果显示;与Pop-相比; Pop+肠道中总细菌16S rDNA基因表达量极显著上调;Pop+肠道中番茄醋酸杆菌A. pomorum的16S rDNA基因表达量下调至Pop-的0.7倍;Pop+肠道中热带醋酸杆菌A. tropicalis的16S rDNA基因表达量比Pop-的上调约3 700倍;果状乳杆菌L. frutivorans、植物乳杆菌L. plantarum和短乳杆菌L. brevis的16S rDNA基因表达量均显著上调;其中果状乳杆菌16S rDNA基因表达量上调的倍数最高;约为Pop-的23 000倍;产碱假单胞菌P. alcaligenes的16S rDNA基因表达量下调至Pop-的0.6倍;这些结果与16S rDNA测序结果的趋势基本一致。【结论】wMelPop的侵染显著影响了雄性黑腹果蝇肠道细菌的相对丰度。其中;醋杆菌属和乳杆菌属的肠道菌载量显著升高;这可能是wMelPop感染影响昆虫宿主生殖和行为的机制之一。  相似文献   

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