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1.
沈硕 《微生物学报》2017,57(4):490-499
【目的】研究青海察尔汗盐湖地区的可培养中度嗜盐菌的群落结构及多样性。【方法】采用多种选择性培养基进行中度嗜盐菌的分离、培养;通过16S r RNA基因序列扩增、测定,根据序列信息,进行系统进化树构建、群落结构组成分析及多样性指数计算。【结果】从察尔汗盐湖卤水及湖泥中分离到中度嗜盐菌421株,合并重复菌株后共83株中度嗜盐菌。菌株16S rRNA基因序列信息显示,4株中度嗜盐菌为潜在的新分类单元。83株嗜盐细菌分布于3个门的6个科16个属。其中,Bacillus属、Oceanobacillus属和Halomonas属为优势属。多样性结果显示,水样中的菌株多样性高于泥样,而泥样中的菌株优势度高于水样。【结论】察尔汗盐湖中度嗜盐菌具有丰富的遗传多样性,种群种类丰富,优势菌群集中,该盐湖地区存在可分离培养的中度嗜盐菌的疑似新物种。  相似文献   

2.
嗜盐菌的嗜盐机制   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
嗜盐菌是生活在高盐环境中的细菌。它们的细胞结构和生理机能特殊,要求有高盐浓度维持其生存;同时,它们的细胞膜结构和细胞内的溶质,都能适应高盐环境。  相似文献   

3.
中度嗜盐菌的研究进展   总被引:37,自引:7,他引:37       下载免费PDF全文
地球上存在着多种多样的盐域环境,这类环境中有自然形成的,如死海,美国的大盐湖等水环境,还有盐土环境;人工形成的如盐场、盐池等;另外,还有很多盐腌制的食品。自然界的高盐环境由于形成过程和所处地质情况的不同其离子组成和盐浓度有很大差异。生活在这些高盐环境中的动、植物物种较为有限,而以处于不同类群的微生物,如绿藻、嗜盐古菌及嗜盐和耐盐的细菌等为主要生命形式。根据微生物对盐浓度的反应可分为不同的种(如表1[1])。  相似文献   

4.
盐地碱蓬内生中度嗜盐菌   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
邱并生 《微生物学通报》2012,39(3):0416-0427
植物内生菌已经成为我国微生物领域研究的热点之一[1],对植物内生细菌的研究不仅丰富了内生菌的生理类群及数量,而且探索了内生菌与植物的相互关系;同时也发现了一些新分类地位的菌株。目前,关于植物内生极端微生物的研究较少,本刊2010年第2期刊登了崔春晓、夏志洁等发表的文章\"盐地碱蓬内生中度嗜盐菌的分离与系统发育多样性分析\"[2],作者根据盐地碱蓬内生境高盐的特点,从中不仅  相似文献   

5.
中度嗜盐菌相容性溶质机制的研究进展   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
生活在高盐环境中的中度嗜盐菌不仅能抗衡外界的高渗透压胁迫,而且还能迅速适应短时间内的渗透冲击。为适应该环境,中度嗜盐菌依赖于一种被称为相容性溶质的物质,以执行渗透保护功能。这类物质属于极性的、易溶的和低分子量的有机化合物,其中包括糖类、氨基酸类、甜菜碱类和四氢嘧啶类等。中度嗜盐菌主要采用相容性溶质机制来适应盐环境。在此,就中度嗜盐菌的盐适应机理、相容性溶质的种类和特点,以及其作用的分子机制进行了阐述和讨论。  相似文献   

6.
为了了解东营滨海盐地碱蓬植株内生中度嗜盐菌的多样性,采用传统分离鉴定技术和基于16S rRNA序列分析对样品中可培养细菌的多样性进行研究。根据其生理生化特征、16S rRNA序列测定和系统发育分析,分离获得的15株内生菌可分为4个类群,涉及Halomonadaceae科的Chromohalobacter属、Kushneria属、Halomonas属以及Bacillaceae科的Bacillus属。类群I中4菌株的16S rRNA序列与Chromohalobacter israelensis的最高相似性为95%。类群II共7株菌,归属于Kushneria属,是碱蓬内生中度嗜盐菌中的优势类群。类群III菌株的16S rRNA序列与一株尚无明确分类地位的Gammaproteobacteria亚门耐盐固氮细菌Haererehalobacter sp.JG11的相似性为99%。类群IV中的芽孢杆菌的16S rRNA序列与已知细菌的相似性为96%,很可能代表了Bacillus属的新种。各种水解酶类的分析表明,在分离的15株菌中有3株菌产蛋白酶,14株产酯酶,8株产DNA酶,11株产半乳糖苷酶,14株产脲酶。研究结果揭示,盐地碱蓬中存在较为丰富的中度嗜盐菌多样性和系统发育多样性,并且潜藏着较多的新的微生物类群。  相似文献   

7.
中度嗜盐菌在生物技术中的应用   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
生存于盐环境下的中度嗜盐菌在生物技术方面具有很多潜在的应用价值。其中,中度嗜盐菌在盐发酵食品加工业和食品添加剂中已经被广泛应用;由中度嗜盐菌分泌的胞外酶如淀粉酶、脂肪酶等能够在高盐环境下继续保持较高的活力;中度嗜盐菌细胞内积累的多种类相容性溶质也可以作为生物大分子稳定剂以及抗冻剂等;其它如其产生的生物表面活性剂、多聚糖类物质能够在石油回收和生物修复中进行应用等。  相似文献   

8.
新疆艾丁湖中度嗜盐苯酚降解菌多样性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
高盐含酚废水属于极难处理的废水之一,筛选具有生物学降解能力的嗜盐菌有助于解决这一难题。从新疆艾丁湖盐湖中分离筛选能够降解苯酚的中度嗜盐菌,了解盐湖中度嗜盐苯酚降解菌的多样性组成和降解能力。研究结果表明,10%(质量分数)的盐浓度条件下,分离得到166株嗜盐菌,通过以苯酚为唯一碳源的培养基进行降解活性筛选后得到45株阳性菌,根据细菌16S rRNA基因序列系统进化分析,这45株菌分别归类到3个门,5个科,9个属。其中拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis)是优势菌,占总量的68.8%,其余菌分布于Bacillus、Gracilibacillus、Pontibacillus、Halobacillus、Marinococcus和Halomonas属。在含100 mg/L苯酚的液体培养基,经过10 d培养后,这45株菌降解效率为1%~17%。本研究为工业应用提供了嗜盐微生物种质资源,极具进一步发掘和研究价值。  相似文献   

9.
【背景】嗜盐微生物多生活于高盐环境,具有独特的生理代谢特征,是一类重要的极端环境微生物资源。【目的】为更好地认识我国陆相盐矿的嗜盐微生物多样性组成,更好地开发利用嗜盐微生物资源积累丰富的微生物菌种。【方法】对安徽定远盐矿盐芯样品进行嗜盐微生物的纯培养分离,并对所分离菌株进行基于16SrRNA基因的测序和序列相似性分析,并对所分离菌株进行物种多样性分析。在此基础上,对代表菌株进行菌落形态和耐盐度及酶活测定。【结果】通过纯培养共分离获得了嗜盐微生物264株,其中嗜盐古菌150株,占56.8%;嗜盐细菌114株,占43.2%。嗜盐古菌物种分别来自于Halorubrum、 Halopenitus、 Haloterrigena、 Natrinema、 Natronoarchaeum和Natronomonas等6个属;嗜盐细菌物种分别来自于Pseudomonas、Aliifodinibius、Halobacillus、Halomonas和Halospina等5个属。通过代表菌株的酶活平板检测,发现产胞外蛋白酶菌株1株,酯酶1株,淀粉酶2株;能液化明胶菌株2株。在物种多样性组成方面,发现嗜盐古菌的物种多样性指数高于嗜盐细菌。【结论】本研究对我国安徽定远陆相盐矿的可培养嗜盐微生物多样性进行探究,积累了丰富的嗜盐微生物菌株资源。  相似文献   

10.
中度嗜盐菌产木聚糖酶发酵条件的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
中度嗜盐菌在盐碱环境下生长繁殖,其产生的木聚糖酶也同样具有在盐碱环境下发挥作用的特性。本文对一株中度嗜盐菌的产木聚糖酶活性进行了初步研究。研究包括氮源、液体种子接种量、培养温度、pH值、培养时间等因素对该菌株产木聚糖酶能力的影响。结果表明,最佳培养氮源为蛋白胨;最佳产生木聚糖酶的发酵条件是液体种子接种量为6%,温度为35℃,pH值7,培养时间为4 d。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract This review deals with a number of enzymes produced by various moderate, eubacterial halophiles. The effects of salts on both the production and activities of different enzymes from these organisms have been studied. It is shown that the nature of the anions, as well as the cations can influence the production of different enzymes. The nature of these effects varies for different enzymes, and is not, at present, predictable.  相似文献   

12.
巴里坤湖和玛纳斯湖嗜盐菌的分离及功能酶的筛选   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
顾晓颖  李冠  吴敏 《生物技术》2007,17(3):26-30
目的:了解新疆巴里坤湖与马纳斯湖中嗜盐菌及功能酶的多样性。方法:从两湖中采集水样进行菌种分离,采用PCR方法扩增出其16S rRNA基因(16S rDNA),并测定了基因的序列。对分离菌株进行了蛋白酶、淀粉酶、酯酶、脂肪酶、以及纤维素酶的筛选。结果:从两湖水样共分离得到51株嗜盐菌。基于16SrDNA序列的同源性比较和系统发育学分析,发现从两湖分离获得的中度嗜盐菌分别属于Planococcaceae、Bacillacea、Staphylococcus、Halomonadaceae、Salicolaceae以及Pseudomonadacaeae 6个属。分离得到的极端嗜盐古菌属于Halobacteriaceae属。功能酶筛选结果表明产蛋白酶的嗜盐菌共有15株,产酯酶的共有23株,产淀粉酶的共有8株,未获得产脂肪酶和纤维素酶的嗜盐菌。结论:新疆巴里坤湖和马纳斯湖中有丰富的嗜盐微生物资源及酶资源,有重要的研究意义和应用前景。  相似文献   

13.
中度嗜盐或耐盐放线菌生长对阴离子选择性研究*   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
长期以来Cl^-被作为主要阴离子来分离和培养中度嗜盐放线菌,但是盐湖中还含有NO3^-、SO4^2-、CO3^2-和HCO3^-等阴离子。培养基中只加入含有Cl^-的盐,不能完全模拟出自然界的环境,因此对中度嗜盐或耐盐放线菌的研究会有一定的限制。实验通过研究部分中度嗜盐或耐盐放线菌菌株生长对阴离子的选择影响,结果发现中度嗜盐或耐盐放线菌对部分阴离子如NO3^-和SO4^2-没有太大的选择性,Cl^-可以被NO3^-和SO4^2-所代替;但有些阴离子如CO3^2-和HCO3^-仅对拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis)影响较小,对盐碱环境中的其他属的放线菌,如普氏菌属(Prauserella)、链单孢菌属(Streptomonospora)、糖单孢菌属(Saccharomonospora)等影响较大。  相似文献   

14.
    
Two moderately halophilic and psychrotolerant new Mycoplasma species were isolated from common cephalopods. Three strains were isolated in pure culture from two individual European flying squid (Todarodes sagittatus), and two individual octopuses (Octopus vulgaris). The strains showed optimal growth at 25 °C and a salinity of 3% (w/v) NaCl. Molecular analyses revealed that the isolates belonged to two new, but phylogenetically related species, divergent from all previously described Mollicutes, representing the first marine isolates of the class, and also the first Mycoplasma strains for which NaCl requirement has been demonstrated. A genome search against all available marine metagenomes and 16S rRNA gene databases indicated that these two species represent a novel non-free-living marine lineage of Mollicutes, specifically associated with marine animals. Morphology and physiology were compatible with other members of this group, and genomic and phenotypic analyses demonstrated that these organisms represent two novel species of the genus Mycoplasma, for which the names Mycoplasma marinum sp. nov. and Mycoplasma todarodis sp. nov. are proposed; the type strains are PET (DSM 105487T, CIP 111404T) and 5HT (DSM 105,488T, CIP 111405T), respectively.  相似文献   

15.
在嗜盐细菌盐适应中,四氢嘧啶(1,4,5,6-四氢-2-甲基-4-嘧啶羧酸)和羟基四氢嘧啶(1,4,5,6-四氢-2-甲基-5-羟基-4-嘧啶羧酸)发挥着十分重要的作用.四氢嘧啶的生物合成以L-天冬氨酸-β-半醛(ASA)为底物,依次由2,4.二氨基丁酸转氨酶(EctB),2,4--氨基丁酸乙酰基转移酶(EctA)和四...  相似文献   

16.
Compatible solutes in new moderately halophilic isolates   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Abstract Using high performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, the compatible solutes of some moderately halophilic bacteria were studied. The following accepted species of moderately halophilic bacteria were included: Volcaniella eurihalina and Deleya salina among Gram-negative rods, and Salinicoccus roseus and Salinicoccus hispanicus among Gram-positive cocci. Besides these strains we have also screened other new isolates, including Marinomonas species and Gram-positive cocci and rods. The tetrahydropyrimidine carboxylic acid 'ectoine' was found to be the main compatible solute in the Gram-negative strains tested when these were grown in glucose-mineral medium. In addition, betaine was accumulated from complex media containing yeast extract. Among the Gram-positive strains investigated, the solutes proline (bacillus 30, Salinicoccus ) and hydroxyectoine (coccus 28) also played an important role, while alanine, glucose, glutamate, glutamine and trehalose occurred as minor components. We also detected two recently described compatible solutes: Nδ -acetylornithine and a homologous compound, Nε -acetyllysine. Representatives of distinct phenotypic groups of Gram-positive cocci and rods were clearly distinguished by their solute pattern.  相似文献   

17.
    
In the current study, 18 salt-tolerant bacteria were isolated from salt-affected soil of Erzurum, Turkey. Forty-five bacterial isolates were identified and characterized by conventional and molecular techniques. These 45 sequenced isolates were identified as 16 different genus including Bacillus (19 isolates), Staphylococcus (3 isolates), Halobacillus (4 isolates), Zhihengliuella (2 isolates), Oceanobacillus (2 isolates), Halomonas (1 isolate), Nesterenkonia (2 isolates), Promicromonospora (2 isolates), Jeotgalibacillus (2 isolates), Planococcus (2 isolates), Virgibacillus (1 isolate), Terribacillus (1 isolate), Thalassobacillus (1 isolate), Marinibacillus (1 isolate), Gracilibacillus (1 isolate) and Microbacterium (1 isolate). According to the results obtained, investigated bacterial strains have high salt tolerance and significant enzyme activities that can improve soil nutrient cycling and soil fertility. The current article provides the evaluation and diversity of the potential halotolerant and halophilic bacterial strains in salt-affected soils of Erzurum, Turkey.  相似文献   

18.
         下载免费PDF全文
Molecular diversity of halophilic archaea from Ayakekumu salt lake was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and culture methods. 19 water samples and 15 soil samples were taken from 19 sites within Ayakekumu salt lake in winter and spring. Under aerobic culture conditions, some halophilic microorganisms were isolated by five different media. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of 62 red strains were amplified by using PCR, determined by the DNA sequencer and analyzed through the BLASTn program subsequently. Results revealed that all sequences belonged to six genera grouped within the Halobacteriaceae. Mostly 16S rRNA gene sequences related to the genera Halorubrum (47%) and Natrinema (24%) were detected. Subsequent analysis by using Shannon index indicated that cultured halophilic archaeal diversities are not significantly different between winter and spring samplings in Ayakekumu salt lake. Similarity values of haloarchaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences to known sequences were less than 97%, suggesting the presence of two novel taxa. In addition, taxonomic characteristics of Natrinema altunense and Halobiforma lacisalsi isolated from Ayakekumu salt lake had been described previously. The discovery of the novel species provides new opportunity to further examine the diversity of these halophilic microorganisms in Ayakekumu salt lake.  相似文献   

19.
In the current study, fifteen halophilic and halotolerant bacteria were isolated from salt-affected soil of ?anl?urfa, Turkey. The isolates were characterized by conventional and molecular techniques (16S rDNA sequence analyses) as belonging to seven different genus including Bacillus (5 isolates), Halobacillus (1 isolate), Oceanobacillus (2 isolates), Halomonas (3 isolate), Nesterenkonia (1 isolate), Chromohalobacter (2 isolates) and Jeotgalibacillus (2 isolates). According to the results obtained, the investigated bacterial strains have high salt tolerance and significant enzyme activities which can improve soil nutrient cycling and fertility. Furthermore, these bacterial strains have been investigated for their ability to dissolve common salts available in salt-affected soils. Salt dissolving experiments showed that two Chromohalobacter isolates were able to dissolve CaCO3 and one of the Halomonas isolate was able to dissolve both CaCO3 and MgCO3. As these bacterial isolates can dissolve CaCO3 and MgCO3, the availability of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions may increase which can enhance the removal of the excess Na+ in soil profile.  相似文献   

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