共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Alejandra Vázquez-Lobo Amanda R. De La Torre Pedro J. Martínez-García Carl Vangestel Jill L. Wegzryn Irina Ćalić Deems Burton Dean Davis Bohun Kinloch Detlev Vogler David B. Neale 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2017,13(5):108
White pine blister rust (WPBR) is an exotic disease threatening five-needle pines in North America. In spite of its relatively recent introduction, some five-needle pines such as sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) have developed both complete (major) gene resistance and partial (quantitative) resistance to WPBR. While significant effort has been dedicated to clone and locate the position of the major gene of WPBR resistance in sugar pine, the genetic basis of quantitative resistance remains largely unknown in all Strobus pines. In this work, we took a preliminary approach to identify potential genotype × phenotype associations using the results of long-term survival and symptoms of infection in both experimental and applied breeding populations. Our study found significant associations between several genes and WPBR disease symptoms such as normal active cankers and blights, important symptoms in the development of partial resistance. No significant associations were found with percentage of survival, probably due to the complex inheritance of the disease and long time to infection. With this study, we hope to lay the ground for further genome-wide association studies using large phenotypic data sets in sugar pine and other Strobus pines. 相似文献
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White pine blister rust (WPBR), caused by Cronartium ribicola, is a devastating disease in Pinus monticola and other five-needle pines. Pyramiding a major resistance gene (Cr2) with other resistance genes is an important component of integrated strategies to control WPBR in P. monticola. To facilitate this strategy, the objective of the present study was to identify leucine-rich repeat (LRR) polymorphisms,
amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers linked to the
western white pine Cr2 (BSA) gene for precise gene mapping. Bulked segregant analysis and haploid segregation analysis allowed the identification
of 11 LRR polymorphisms and five AFLP markers in the Cr2 linkage. The closest LRR markers were 0.53 Kosambi cM from Cr2 at either end. After marker cloning and sequencing, AFLP marker EacccMccgat-365 and random polymorphic DNA marker U570–843
were converted successfully into SCAR markers. For a potential application in marker-assisted selection (MAS), these two SCAR
markers were verified in two western white pine families. This study represents the first report of LRR-related DNA markers
linked to C. ribicola resistance in five-needle pines. These findings may help further candidate gene identification for disease resistance in
a conifer species. 相似文献
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The proteomic profiles of primary needles from Cr2-resistant and cr2-susceptible Pinus monticola seedlings were analysed post Cronartium ribicola inoculation by 2-DE. One hundred-and-five protein spots exhibiting significant differential expression were identified using LC–MS/MS. Functional classification showed that the most numerous proteins are involved in defence signalling, oxidative burst, metabolic pathways, and other physiological processes. Our results revealed that differential expression of proteins in response to C. ribicola inoculation was genotype- and infection-stage dependent. Responsive proteins in resistant seedlings with incompatible white pine blister rust (WPBR) interaction included such well-characterized proteins as heat shock proteins (HSPs), reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, and intermediate factors functioning in the signal transduction pathways triggered by well-known plant R genes, as well as new candidates in plant defence like sugar epimerase, GTP-binding proteins, and chloroplastic ribonucleoproteins. Fewer proteins were regulated in susceptible seedlings; most of them were in common with resistant seedlings and related to photosynthesis among others. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed HSP- and ROS-related genes played an important role in host defence in response to C. ribicola infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative proteomics study on WPBR interactions at the early stages of host defence, which provides a reference proteomic profile for other five-needle pines as well as resistance candidates for further understanding of host resistance in the WPBR pathosystem. 相似文献
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Background
The white mold fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating necrotrophic plant pathogen with a remarkably broad host range. The interaction of necrotrophs with their hosts is more complex than initially thought, and still poorly understood.Results
We combined bioinformatics approaches to determine the repertoire of S. sclerotiorum effector candidates and conducted detailed sequence and expression analyses on selected candidates. We identified 486 S. sclerotiorum secreted protein genes expressed in planta, many of which have no predicted enzymatic activity and may be involved in the interaction between the fungus and its hosts. We focused on those showing (i) protein domains and motifs found in known fungal effectors, (ii) signatures of positive selection, (iii) recent gene duplication, or (iv) being S. sclerotiorum-specific. We identified 78 effector candidates based on these properties. We analyzed the expression pattern of 16 representative effector candidate genes on four host plants and revealed diverse expression patterns.Conclusions
These results reveal diverse predicted functions and expression patterns in the repertoire of S. sclerotiorum effector candidates. They will facilitate the functional analysis of fungal pathogenicity determinants and should prove useful in the search for plant quantitative disease resistance components active against the white mold.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-336) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献6.
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Background and Aims
Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) is one of the principal species used for windbreak and sand stabilization in arid and semi-arid areas in northern China. A model-assisted analysis of its canopy architectural development and functions is valuable for better understanding its behaviour and roles in fragile ecosystems. However, due to the intrinsic complexity and variability of trees, the parametric identification of such models is currently a major obstacle to their evaluation and their validation with respect to real data. The aim of this paper was to present the mathematical framework of a stochastic functional–structural model (GL2) and its parameterization for Mongolian Scots pines, taking into account inter-plant variability in terms of topological development and biomass partitioning.Methods
In GL2, plant organogenesis is determined by the realization of random variables representing the behaviour of axillary or apical buds. The associated probabilities are calibrated for Mongolian Scots pines using experimental data including means and variances of the numbers of organs per plant in each order-based class. The functional part of the model relies on the principles of source–sink regulation and is parameterized by direct observations of living trees and the inversion method using measured data for organ mass and dimensions.Key Results
The final calibration accuracy satisfies both organogenetic and morphogenetic processes. Our hypothesis for the number of organs following a binomial distribution is found to be consistent with the real data. Based on the calibrated parameters, stochastic simulations of the growth of Mongolian Scots pines in plantations are generated by the Monte Carlo method, allowing analysis of the inter-individual variability of the number of organs and biomass partitioning. Three-dimensional (3D) architectures of young Mongolian Scots pines were simulated for 4-, 6- and 8-year-old trees.Conclusions
This work provides a new method for characterizing tree structures and biomass allocation that can be used to build a 3D virtual Mongolian Scots pine forest. The work paves the way for bridging the gap between a single-plant model and a stand model. 相似文献8.
Background
A nematophagous fungus, Esteya vermicola, is recorded as the first endoparasitic fungus of pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in last century. E. vermicola exhibited high infectivity toward PWN in the laboratory conditions and conidia spraying of this fungus on Japanese red pine, Pinus densiflora, seedlings in the field protected the pine trees from pine wilt disease to some extent, indicating that it is a potential bio-control agent against PWN. Previous research had demonstrated that the living fungal mycelia of E. vermicola continuously produced certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which were responsible for the PWN attraction. However, identity of these VOCs remains unknown.Methodology/Principal Findings
In this study, we report the identification of α-pinene, β-pinene, and camphor produced by living mycelia of E. vermicola, the same volatile compounds emitted from PWN host pine tree, as the major VOCs for PWN attraction using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, we also confirmed the host deception behavior of E. vermicola to PWN by using synthetic VOCs in a straightforward laboratory bioassay.Conclusions/Significance
This research result has demonstrated that the endoparasitic nematophagous fungus, E. vermicola, mimics the scent of PWN host pine tree to entice PWN for the nutrient. The identification of the attractive VOCs emitted from the fungus E. vermicola is of significance in better understanding parasitic mechanism of the fungus and the co-evolution in the two organisms and will aid management of the pine wilt disease. 相似文献9.
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Michael H Perlin Joelle Amselem Eric Fontanillas Su San Toh Zehua Chen Jonathan Goldberg Sebastien Duplessis Bernard Henrissat Sarah Young Qiandong Zeng Gabriela Aguileta Elsa Petit Helene Badouin Jared Andrews Dominique Razeeq Toni Gabaldón Hadi Quesneville Tatiana Giraud Michael E. Hood David J. Schultz Christina A. Cuomo 《BMC genomics》2015,16(1)
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White pine blister rust, caused by the invasive fungus Cronartium ribicola, has been responsible for extremely high mortality of native western white pine (Pinus monticola) and other five-needle pines in natural stands throughout western North America. The presence of this non-native fungus has also led to greatly restricted use of western white pine for reforestation. A few families of defense proteins have been found as functional candidates involved in tree resistance to rust infection. Here we report genetic variation of a gene encoding a family 10 pathogenesis-related (PR) protein (PmPR10-2) in open-pollinated seed families with different levels of stem quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Six novel alleles and five common genotypes were identified inside the PmPR10-2 locus: these genetic variations included 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the gene regions and copy variation of a rare octanucleotide simple sequence repeat (SSR), 5′-AATTATTT-3′, in the gene intron. PmPR10-2 exhibited a moderate level (average r 2?=?0.42) of linkage disequilibrium. Two-thirds of the identified SNPs and the SSR marker were significantly associated with stem QDR levels. The PmPR10-2 genotype (H3:H3) exhibited the highest level of stem QDR (P?<?0.01). Cost-effective and co-dominant SSR markers were developed and used for genotyping the PmPR10-2 locus using simple PCR, providing a potential molecular tool for accelerating screening efforts of white pine resistance against C. ribicola. 相似文献
16.
RNAseq analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus in blood reveals a just wait and see resting stage behavior
Henriette Irmer Sonia Tarazona Christoph Sasse Patrick Olbermann Jürgen Loeffler Sven Krappmann Ana Conesa Gerhard H. Braus 《BMC genomics》2015,16(1)
Background
Invasive aspergillosis is started after germination of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia that are inhaled by susceptible individuals. Fungal hyphae can grow in the lung through the epithelial tissue and disseminate hematogenously to invade into other organs. Low fungaemia indicates that fungal elements do not reside in the bloodstream for long.Results
We analyzed whether blood represents a hostile environment to which the physiology of A. fumigatus has to adapt. An in vitro model of A. fumigatus infection was established by incubating mycelium in blood. Our model allowed to discern the changes of the gene expression profile of A. fumigatus at various stages of the infection. The majority of described virulence factors that are connected to pulmonary infections appeared not to be activated during the blood phase. Three active processes were identified that presumably help the fungus to survive the blood environment in an advanced phase of the infection: iron homeostasis, secondary metabolism, and the formation of detoxifying enzymes.Conclusions
We propose that A. fumigatus is hardly able to propagate in blood. After an early stage of sensing the environment, virtually all uptake mechanisms and energy-consuming metabolic pathways are shut-down. The fungus appears to adapt by trans-differentiation into a resting mycelial stage. This might reflect the harsh conditions in blood where A. fumigatus cannot take up sufficient nutrients to establish self-defense mechanisms combined with significant growth.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi10.1186/s12864-015-1853-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献17.
Tsunglin Liu Ching-Min Li Yue-Lun Han Tzen-Yuh Chiang Yu-Chung Chiang Huang-Mo Sung 《BMC genomics》2015,16(1)
Background
Mycoheterotrophic orchids are achlorophyllous plants that obtain carbon and nutrients from their mycorrhizal fungi. They often show strong preferential association with certain fungi and may obtain nutrients from surrounding photosynthetic plants through ectomycorrhizal fungi. Gastrodia is a large genus of mycoheterotrophic orchids in Asia, but Gastrodia species’ association with fungi has not been well studied. We asked two questions: (1) whether certain fungi were preferentially associated with G. flavilabella, which is an orchid in Taiwan and (2) whether fungal associations of G. flavilabella were affected by the composition of fungi in the environment.Results
Using next-generation sequencing, we studied the fungal communities in the tubers of Gastrodia flavilabella and the surrounding soil. We found (1) highly diversified fungi in the G. flavilabella tubers, (2) that Mycena species were the predominant fungi in the tubers but minor in the surrounding soil, and (3) the fungal communities in the G. flavilabella tubers were clearly distinct from those in the surrounding soil. We also found that the fungal composition in soil can change quickly with distance.Conclusions
G. flavilabella was associated with many more fungi than previously thought. Among the fungi in the tuber of G. flavilabella, Mycena species were predominant, different from the previous finding that adult G. elata depends on Armillaria species for nutritional supply. Moreover, the preferential fungus association of G. flavilabella was not significantly influenced by the composition of fungi in the environment.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1422-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献18.
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Romana Gaderer Netta L Lamdan Alexa Frischmann Michael Sulyok Rudolf Krska Benjamin A Horwitz Verena Seidl-Seiboth 《BMC microbiology》2015,15(1)