Airborne Pollen Grains in Zonguldak，Turkey，2001-2002

The variation in airborne pollen concentration of the Zonguldak region．Turkey was studied for two consecutive years 2001-2002 using a Durham sampler．During this period．a total of 61 304 pollen grains belonging to 43 taxa were recorded．Of these 43 taxa．26 belonged to arboreal and 17 to nonarboreal plants．The main pollen types were Pinaceae,Populus,Carpinus,Betula,Corylus,Fagus orientalis,Castanea sativa,AInus glutinosa,Quercus,Cupressaceae,Chenopodiaceae and Gramineae．representing 96．7％of the pollen spectrum．Pollen concentration reached the highest level in March．     

A one-year aeropalynological study at Ankara, Turkey

Atmospheric pollen was collected with a Burkard sporetrap in Ankara, Turkey from January 1993 to January1994. The sum of the annual totals of the dailyconcentration of pollen, belonging to 44 taxa, was57,735. A relatively high pollen concentration wasrecorded in June which could be caused by higher windspeed and lower rainfall. Pinaceae,Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, Gramineae, Platanus, Populus,Moraceae, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Acer, Quercus,Betula, Salix, Rumex and Plantago are found tobe the dominant pollen types in the atmosphere inAnkara.     

Airborne Pollen Grains Of Afyon, Turkey

The airborne pollen grains of Afyon have been studied for a two-year period (1999-2000) with a Durham sampler. A total of 14 367 pollen grains belonging to 40 taxa have been identified and recorded with some unidentified ones. Of them, 6 732 were identified in 1999 and 7 635 in 2000. Of the total pollen grains, 69.67% were arboreal, 26.64% non-arboreal and 3.68 % unidentified. The majority of the investigated pollen grains were from Pinus, Gramineae, Cupressaceae, Platanus, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Quercus, Ailanthus, Moraceae, Juglans, Salix, Cedrus and Rosaceae. The highest level of pollen grains was in May.     

Airborne Pollen Grains of Afyon,Turkey

The airborne pollen grains of Afyon have been studied for a two-year period(1999-2000)with a Durham sampler,A total of 14367 pollen grains belonging to 40 taxa have been identified and recorded with some unidentified ones.Of them,6732 were identified in 1999 and 7635 in 2000.Of the total pollen grains,69.67% were arboreal,26.64% on-arboreal and 3.68% unidentified.The majority of the investigated pollen grains were from Pinus,Granineae,Cupressaceae,Platamus,Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae,Quercus,Ailanthus,Moraceae,Juglans,Salix,Cedrus and Rosaceae.The highest level of pollen grains was in May.     

Airborne Pollen Grains of Burdur, Turkey

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Airborne pollen grains in Yalova,Turkey, 2004

In this study, airborne pollen grains of Yalova province were investigated using VPSS 2000 from January to December 2004. During studying period, a total of 22409 pollen grains/m³ which belonged to 46 taxa and 74 unidentified pollen grains were recorded. From the identified taxa, 26 belong to arboreal and 20 to non-arboreal plants. Total pollen grains consist of 80.50% arboreal, 19.17% non-arboreal plants and 0.33% unidentified pollen grains. In the investigated region, from arboreal plant taxa Platanus spp. (29.08%), Cupressaceae/Taxaceae (21.22%), Pinus spp. (7.34%), Alnus spp. (4.75%), Castanea spp. (3.03%), Quercus spp. (3.07%), Olea spp. (2.50%), Acer spp. (2.21%), Corylus spp. (1.41%) and Fagus spp. (1.15%), and from non-arboreal plant taxa Poaceae (10.01%), Asteraceae (2.86%), Plantago spp. (1.47%) and Artemisia spp. (1.11%) were responsible for the greatest amounts of pollen.     

Airborne Pollen Grains of Bozüyük (Bilecik, Turkey)

Airborne pollen grains in the atmosphere of Bozüyük were investigated over a 2 yr period from 2000 to 2001 using a Durham sampler. A total number of pollen grains of 5 170 pollen grains belonging to 32taxa were identified and recorded along with some unidentified pollen grains. Of all the pollen grains, 78.66%were arboreal, 19.20% were non-arboreal, and 2.12% were unidentified. The majority of pollen grains investigated were Pinus, Platanus, Quercus, Cupressaceae, Poaceae, Fagus, Salix, Rosaceae, Urticaceae,Asteraceae, and Chenopodiaceae. The maximum number of pollen grains was recorded in May.     

Airborne pollen calendar of Buca–Izmir, Turkey

This communication presents the level ofpollen in the atmosphere of Buca–Izmir, Turkey.The evaluation includes qualitative as well asquantitative results. Studies were carried outduring 1996–1997 using gravimetric method. Datawas recorded from lower (BUL. 1.60 m) andhigher (BHL. 20 m) levels. Aeropalynologicalresults revealed that the atmosphere in thisarea abounds in pollen from 55 taxa out ofwhich 24 are woody and 31 herbaceous. At bothlevels plant groups with higher pollendensities per square centimeter were trees(BHL. 89%, BUL. 73.7%), other herbs (BHL.6.6%, BUL. 20.4%), Gramineae (BHL. 3.8%,BUL. 4.9%) and unidentified taxa (BHL. 0.6%,BUL. 1%) respectively. However, at lowerlevel Pinus, Quercus, Oleaceae,Morus, Centaurea, Gramineae,Chenopodiceae/Amaranthaceae showed highestconcentration; whereasCupressaceae/Taxaceae, Quercus,Gramineae, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae andPlantago were dominant at higher level.The concentration of allergic taxaChenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Cupressaceae/Taxaceae; Gramineae, Morus, Oleaceae, Pinus, Plantago and Quercus was highin the atmosphere of the study area. The pollencalendar of the area has been prepared inrelation to the atmospheric parameters.     

Seasonal variation of collected pollen loads of honeybees (Apis mellifera L. anatoliaca)

Pollen collected by honeybees foraging in the region of Bursa, Turkey was analysed for a whole year. Pollen loads were collected from the hives of Apis mellifera anatoliaca once a week and were classified by colour. Forty‐one taxa were identified from the pollen analyses of the loads and 14 of these had percentages higher than 1%. Only 2.05% of the total pollen could not have been identified. Dominant taxa include; Brassicaceae (11.19%), Helianthus annuus L. (10.84%), Cichorioideae (8.93%) Salix spp. (7.99%), Rosaceae (7.37%), Centaurea spp. (7.56%), Papaver spp. (7.41%), Knautia spp. (6.99%), Fabaceae (6.01%), Asteraceae (5.73%), Xanthium spp. (2.65%), Chrozophora spp. (2.45%), Plantago spp. (1.56%) and Acer spp. (1.54%) representing 88.23% of the total. Distinct variations in plant usage are seen through the year with initial use of Rosaceae, Salix, and to a lesser extent Brassicaeae. As these groups finish flowering the bees move onto Helianthus annuus, Centaurea through the summer followed by Asteraceae in the late summer and Fabaceae in the autumn. There is a strong reliance on crop species for pollen forage but a number of indigenous species are also seen within the samples. The most productive period for collecting various pollen types, and the ideal period to determine pollen preferences of honey bees was June‐August.     

Airborne Pollen Grains of Bozuyuk （Bilecik, Turkey）

Airborne pollen grains in the atmosphere of Bozuyuk were investigated over a 2 yr period from 2000 to 2001 using a Durham sampler. A total number of pollen grains of 5 170 pollen grains belonging to 32 taxa were identified and recorded along with some unidentified pollen grains. Of all the pollen grains, 78.66% were arboreal, 19.20% were non-arboreal, and 2.12% were unidentified. The majority of pollen grains investigated were Pinus, Platanus, Quercus, Cupressaceae, Poaceae, Fagus, Salix, Rosaceae, Urticaceae, Asteraceae, and Chenopodiaceae. The maximum number of pollen grains was recorded in May.     

Aeropalynological monitoring in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

The pollen spectrum of Bishkek was investigated by a gravity method, during March-October in 1984, 1988 and 1992. The recovered pollen types belong to 20 families and 26 taxa. Only 4 types reach significant levels of deposition of over 10% as annual average. These include: Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Quercus and Poaceae. Pollinosis in Bishkek is mainly induced by Artemisia and Poaceae pollen. Hay fever patients showed polyvalent allergy to Artemisia and Poaceae pollen (32 to 51%), Artemisia and Atriplex pollen (34.5%).     

A pollen calendar for Chittagong University Campus,Chittagong (Bangladesh)

Summary This work presents a calendar of pollen types found in the atmosphere of Chittagong University Campus, Chittagong, Bangladesh, recorded over the period of March 1988–February 1990. A total of 9,225 pollen/cm² was encountered and classified in 36 pollen types belonging to 26 families. The pollen concentration showed three peak periods, March, October and November and each period was dominated by a specific pollen type. Low frequency of pollen was probably due to heavy rainfall which washed down the pollen. January and February were also marked by lower abundance of pollen and was probably due to the low rate of flowering. This study clearly showed four airborne pollen seasons from October to November, December to February, March to April and June to September. The dominant pollen types were Poaceae, followed by Amaranthaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae and Cyperaceae. The pollen calendar was provided to show the range of flowering with the period of occurrence in air of the area studied.     

Spatial and temporal variations of pollen concentrations in Islamabad (Pakistan): effect of meteorological parameters and impact on human health

This study focuses on the identification and quantification of airborne pollen grains from allergenic plant species and their relationship with meteorological factors, i.e. maximum and minimum daily temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed in the city of Islamabad, Pakistan. An aerobiological data set (2010–2012), collected using rotorod samplers in five different sectors of the city, was supplied by the Pakistan Meteorological Department. Pollen of eight allergenic species was identified amongst which Broussonetia papyrifera exceeded the highest pollen level and, therefore, likely played a key role in aggravating the symptoms of pollen allergy in the city. The mean weekly pollen counts were next correlated with the weekly number of allergic patients visiting hospitals during 2010–2011. Clinical data were acquired from the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. The highest number of allergic patients visiting hospital was usually observed during weeks with high pollen level. These results suggest a close relationship between the pollen concentration in the air and the allergy symptoms. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was performed to establish the relationships between meteorological parameters and daily average pollen counts. A pollen calendar for the Islamabad city was also prepared to provide a guide for the timing and duration of season for all encountered pollen types.     

The Danubian character of the Mollusc fauna of the Sapanca Gölü (Marmara region,Turkey)

Abstract

The composition of the freshwater mollusc fauna from Lake Sapanca (Marmara region, NW Turkey) is described. The occurrence of Sadleriana fluminensis (Hydrobiidae) is a new record for Turkey. The origin of several species from the former catchment basin of the Lower Danube (the “Dardanelles River”) is discussed.     

An investigation of airborne pollen in Taipei city, Taiwan, 1993–1994

A two-year aeropalynological study performed during January 14, 1993 to December 31, 1994 in Taipei City revealed 154 different pollen taxa, with the most frequent beingBroussonetia (31.3%),Trema (15%),Bischofia (6.9%),Mallotus (6.8%),Cyathea (3.8%),Morus (3.7%),Fraxinus (2.9%) and Gramineae (2.8%), respectively. Two quantitative peaks of pollen grains appeared in March and in September in 1993, but only one peak in 1994. The dominant pollen taxa during these two peaks wereBroussonetia andMallotus. The heavy rain in February 1994 seemed to have delayed the first pollen peak to April, butBroussonetia was still the most frequent taxon. After July 1994, six typhoons brought heavy precipitation to northern Taiwan. Different weather types might have an effect on the concentration of airborne pollen grains, so that the timing of quantitative peaks was different in the two studied years. Arboreal pollen (AP), non-arboreal pollen (NAP) and fern spores (FS) constituted 81.7%, 7.7% and 7.8% of the two-year sum, respectively. AP dominated from January to June, NAP in November and fern spores in July. Native species in the Taipei Basin and trees along urban roadsides were the common sources of airborne pollen. The pollen calendar of two years in Taipei City was submitted.