谷氨酶传感器及在流动注射分析中的应用

利用谷氨酸氧化酶共价偶联于硅烷化铂化铂丝表面。构建一种简单的微酶电极,该电极具有良好的操作性能,应用于流动注射分析系统,可用来测量谷氨酸含量,测量范围０－２．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,精度、响应时间小于６０秒,使用寿命大于２０天,实际测量发酵液中谷氨酸含量,回收率为９８．７％－１０７．５％。     

谷氨酸氧化酶电极的研究

用戊二醛作交联剂将谷氨酸氧化酶和牛血清白蛋白共交联,置于内层醋酸纤维素抗干扰膜和外层聚碳酸酯扩散控制膜之间,制成酶膜,将其与过氧化氢探头复合制成了扩散控制型谷氨酸氧化酶电极,并构建了采用该电极的流动注射分析芽纺。酶电极红性范围0—1000mg／L。50s响应电流达稳态值的95％。流动注射分析系统响应时间20s,检测速度60次／h,线性范围5—8 000mg,L,酶膜使用寿命两周以上。系统选择性好,仅对干扰物L－谷氨酰胺和L－天冬氨酸有微弱响应。对同一样品连续测定41次的变异系数2．8％。测量味精发酵液和瓦勃呼吸计的结果相吻合。可望应用于味精发酵及食品工业中。     

以二茂铁为介质的谷氨酸电流型传感器的研究

文研究了一种用于测定发酵液谷氨酸含量的介质电流型谷氨酸电极。这种电极是由谷氨酸氧化酶同以二茂铁为介质的化学修饰电极复合构成。研究了各种因素对此电极响应的影响和电极本身的性能与实测验证,结果表明本电极在搅拌反应室(CSR)系统中响应的最适pH为6．8,最适温度为30\"C,使用寿命为6天,电极专一性较好。在流通注射分析(FIA)系统中响应的最适pH为7．0,最适温度为27℃,测量范围为0．0125－O．125mol／L(射(20μ1),精度(CV)为1．3％,响应时间为Imin,校正曲线相关系数r=0．998,使用寿命为8天,经实际测量发酵液中谷氨酸含量,与瓦氏呼吸仪对照,相对误差为±6%。     

L—谷氨酸脱羧酶电极的研制及性能

酶电极是由传感器和酶膜(或其它形式)组成的一种生物传感器,它通过酶催化反应作用,由传感器检测底物到产物转化或其他变化来进行测定,因此具有专一性好,灵敏度高,操作简便等特点。自本世纪六十年代,Updike和Hicks首先提出酶电极这一概念以来,酶电极的研究发展十分迅速,许多成果已被应用于临床、发酵及食品工业、环境保护等领域。氨基酸,可通过氨基酸脱羧酶的作用,由瓦氏呼吸计检测生成的二氧化碳的量而定量测定。1976年,Tong和Rechnitz首先报道了应用赖氨酸脱羧酶电极测定赖氨酸。其后,White和Guilbault及Tran等人分别对之进行了改进;最近,谷氨酸脱羧酶电极的研究也有报道。     

固定化谷氨酸氧化酶管流动注射测定谷氨酸的研究

多孔玻璃珠固定谷氪酸氧化酶与过氧化氢酶分别制成相应的固定化酶管,结合流动注射分析系统测定谷氨酸的含量。测定线性范围在0．1—2．O mmol／L．精度(c．V)O．7％．测定速率每小时80样以上．使用寿命至少4个月。在各氨酸浓度低于2．5mmol／L时．pH在6．5—8．0．温度20—35℃．磷酸盐浓度在0.05—0.25mol／L范围内对测定几乎无影响．对不同发酵时间的谷氨酸发酵液测定,测定的结果与酶试剂盒及瓦氏法比较,结果一致．说明该方法已具有实际应用价值。     

酶电极流动注射分析法测定葡萄糖

 一种酶电极流动注射分析系统(EFIA)用于血糖和发酵葡萄糖的快速测定。研究了酶电极及其工作系统的性能和各种影响参数,,奠定了实用化基础。     

两种固定化载体在谷氨酸传感器研制中的比较

以海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇为固定化载体,将谷氨酸脱羧酶包埋制成酶膜,与ＣＯ２气敏电极偶联制成谷氨酸生物传感器,经比较研究,用聚乙烯醇包埋制备的传感器,其响应时间,响应值及稳定性均优于海藻酸钠包埋制备的传感器。     

固定化蛋白质A在流动注射荧光免疫分析中的应用

利用蛋白质A在近中性pH条件下,能够与大多数哺乳动物抗体的Fc部分结合;在低pH条件下,又能将抗体洗脱下来的特性,以一蛋白质A固相免疫反应器,分离与抗体结合及未结合的抗原.并结合流动注射进样方便的特点建立了一个快速、简便并易于自动化的流动注射荧光免疫分析方法.研究了各种实验变量对测定的影响,并用于人体转铁蛋白的测定．     

胆碱氧化酶电极生物传感器研究

以固定化胆碱氧化酶(EC 1.1.3.17)与H₂O₂电极构成电流型酶电极生物传感器．其输出电流可达500nA。用于胆碱测定的线性范围：0～200mg／L,精度：RSD小于1．5％．响应时间：40s,使用寿命大于60d,实际测定氯化琥珀胆碱注射液中胆碱含量,回收率：1OO．3％～102．3％。     

酶定向固定化策略在生物传感器中应用

酶电极生物传感器具有灵敏、高效、特异性强以及器型小巧等特点,在生命科学研究、疾病诊断和监控等领域展现出广阔的应用前景,酶的固定化是决定酶电极生物传感器性能（稳定性、灵敏性、重现性）的关键步骤,通过随机固定化（物理吸附、共价交联等）容易引起酶活力下降、固定化稳定性低等问题,而利用氨基酸残基突变、亲和肽融合以及核苷酸特异结合等优化酶分子空间取向,为解决随机固定化问题提供了新的可能。本文对基于定点突变引入带有官能团的特定氨基酸（赖氨酸、组氨酸、半胱氨酸、非天然氨基酸）、通过基因工程融合亲和肽（金结合肽、碳材料结合肽、碳水化合物结合结构域）及利用核苷酸与目标酶（蛋白质）之间的特异性结合等策略来实现酶分子传感元件定向固定化的原理、优缺点以及在酶电极生物传感器上的应用进展进行了系统综述,并对多种传感界面固定化酶表征技术的应用领域、各方法的优点和应用局限性进行了探讨,以期为高性能酶传感元件创制及酶电极传感器的制造提供理论和技术指导。     

Poly(vinylferrocene)–poly(ethylene glycol) glutamate oxidase electrode for determination of L-glutamate in commercial soy sauces

An amperometric L-glutamate oxidase (GLOD) electrode based on a multilayer of polymer films was developed for the high selective determination of L-glutamate. The multilayer film consisted of three layers as the following configuration i.e., inner membrane of electropolymerized 1,3-diaminobenzene, middle layer of L-GLOD entrapped in photopolymerized poly(vinylferrocene)–poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel polymer, and outer dialysis membrane. In this manner, the sensor could eliminate interferences and was able to work at a low potential poised at +0.085 V vs. Ag/AgCl. When used in a flow injection system, the sensor responded to L-glutamate in the range 0.5–8.0 mM, with a sensitivity of 9.48 nA mM^–1. The sensor was stable for 5 days of continuous uses (250 assays) and retained 60% activity after 16 days. When used to analyse the L-glutamate contents of a number of different off-the-shelf soy sauces, the sensor gave results in good agreement with the standard colorimetric method.     

葡萄糖测定方法的比较研究

比较了传统斐林定糖,葡萄糖氧化酶－过氧化物酶比色法,葡萄糖氧化酶电极自动分析仪法测定葡萄糖。比较测定了的结果显示,三法的平均标准误差（ＳＤ）,变异系数（ＣＶ）均十分接近。通过对此三种方法的回归相关性分析显示：斐林法－酶终点比色法的回归方程为ｙ＝０．９８４３ｘ＋６．３２３９,相关系数Ｒ＾２＝０．９９８９,斐林法－自动分析仪法的回归方程为ｙ＝１．００８８ｘ＋２．０４８３,相关系数Ｒ＾２＝０．９９９１,     

Determination of l-glutamate in various commercial soy sauce products using flow injection analysis with a modified electrode

A flow injection analysis (FIA) system with a modified electrode has been developed and optimized for determination of l-glutamate using l-glutamate oxidase (GLOD) (EC 1.4.3.11). GLOD was immobilized on controlled-pore glass using glutaraldehyde. The optimal potential applied on the working electrode was +700mV against a platinum (Pt) reference electrode. The optimal pH and flow rate of the carrier buffer were 7.4 and 1.5ml/min, respectively. A modified electrode was integrated into the FIA system in order to eliminate electroactive interference and it was used to determine l-glutamate in 39 samples of Thai commercial soy sauce products. The results obtained were compared with those obtained from enzymatic assay using glutamate dehydrogenase and those from a chromatographic assay using an amino acid analyser. Good correlations were observed amongst these methods. The results indicated that use of an FIA system with a modified electrode was able to eliminate electroactive interference and was applicable to the determination of l-glutamate in food samples. The modified FIA was faster and simpler than the more common methods of enzymatic and chromatographic analysis.     

A novel biosensor based on activation effect of thiamine on the activity of pyruvate oxidase

A biosensor based on pyruvate oxidase (POX) enzyme was developed for the investigation of the effect of thiamine (vitamin B(1)) molecule on the activity of the enzyme. The biosensor was prepared with a chemical covalent immobilization method on the dissolved oxygen (DO) probe by using gelatin and cross-linking agent, glutaraldehyde. POX catalyzes the degradation of pyruvate to acetylphosphate, CO(2) and H(2)O(2) in the presence of phosphate and oxygen. Thiamine is an activator for POX enzyme and determination method of the biosensor was based on this effect of thiamine on the activity of the enzyme. The biosensor responses showed increases in the presence of thiamine. Increases in the biosensor responses were related to thiamine concentration. Thiamine determination is based on the assay of the differences on the biosensor responses on the oxygenmeter in the absence and the presence of thiamine. The biosensor response depend linearly on thiamine concentration between 0.025 and 0.5 microM with 2 min response time. In the optimization studies of the biosensor the most suitable enzyme amount was found as 2.5 U cm(-2) and also phosphate buffer (pH 7.0; 50 mM) and 35 degrees C were obtained as the optimum working conditions. In the characterization studies of the biosensor some parameters such as activator and interference effects of some substances on the biosensor response and reproducibility were carried out.     

肌苷酶电极生物传感器

为了构建肌苷酶电极生物传感器,以固定化核苷磷酸化酶(EC 2.4.2.1)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(EC 1.2.3.2)与过氧化氢电极组成电流型酶电极生物传感器,用于检测肌苷片中的肌苷,其输出电流可达500nA.结果发现,肌苷测定的线性范围为1-268 mg/L,精度:RSD小于0.14%,响应时间:60 s,使用寿命大于25 d,实际测定肌苷片中肌苷含量回收率:100.8%.由此表明:采用双酶电极法测定肌苷片中的肌苷含量,由于酶促反应专一性高、样品不需分离直接进样分析、处理条件温和、反应时间短暂因而结果较为可靠.     

Analysis of micromolar concentrations of glucose by an interference free flow injection based biosensor

A fast, sensitive, interference-free, single enzyme single reagent glucose biosensor, operated in flow injection analysis (FIA) mode, was developed. The method used involved formation of colored complex of titanium sulfate reagent with the peroxide generated by glucose oxidase immobilized in a packed bed reactor. The color developed was detected spectrophotometrically in a flow cuvette. The system could measure down to 0.5 mg glucose l^–1 and the response was reproducible and linear in the range 1 mg l^–1 to 100 mg l^–1. The analysis time for a 500 l sample was 35 s and was free of interference from a number of substances tested. Analysis results using an off-line batch kit were observed to be in agreement with the developed system for determination of glucose in blood plasma samples.