Transcription Factor Binding to Replicated DNA

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转录因子结合位点生物信息学研究进展

By using genome in situ hybridization (GISH) on root somatic chromosomes of allotetraploid derived from the cross Gossypium arboreum × G. bickii with genomic DNA (gDNA) of G. bickii as a probe, two sets of chromosomes, consisting of 26 chromosomes each, were easily distinguished from each other by their distinctive hybridization signals. GISH analysis directly proved that the hybrid G.arboreum×G. bickii is an allotetraploid amphiploid. The karyotype formula of the species was 2n = 4x = 52 = 46m (4sat) + 6sm (4sat). We identified four pairs of satellites with two pairs in each sub-genome. FISH analysis using 45S rDNA as a probe showed that the cross G. arboreum×G. bickii contained 14 NORs. At least five pairs of chromosomes in the G sub-genome showed double hybridization (red and blue) in their long arms, which indicates that chromatin introgression from the A sub-genome had occurred.     

Analyzing Chromatin Structure and Transcription Factor Binding in Yeast

The study of chromatin, once thought to be a purely structural matrix serving to compact the DNA of the genome into the nucleus, is of increasing value for our understanding of how DNA functions in the cell. This article provides two basic procedures for the study of chromatinin vivo.The first is a DNase I-based method for the treatment of isolated nuclei to resolve the chromatin structure of a particular region; the second employs dimethyl sulfate footprinting of whole cellsin vivoto determine the binding of factors tociselements in the locus of interest. Specific examples illustrating the techniques described are given from our work on the regulation of the yeastPHO8gene, but have also been successfully and reliably applied to the study of many other yeast loci. These procedures make it possible to correlate the binding of atransactivator with an altered or perturbed chromatin organization at a specific locus.     

利用ChIP-seq技术研究转录因子EDAG在全基因组的结合谱

为揭示红系分化相关基因（erythroid differentiation associated gene, EDAG）在造血中的作用机制,利用ChIP-seq分析EDAG的全基因组结合谱.首先从产妇脐带血分离CD34+细胞,EPO诱导CD34+细胞培养5 d.利用EDAG抗体进行染色体免疫共沉淀（chromatin immunoprecipitation, ChIP）实验、Western 印迹法检测EDAG抗体的富集情况.将富集到的DNA样品进行高通量测序,最后利用生物信息学分析测序结果.成功富集染色体DNA,经高通量测序和生物信息学分析,共得到1 292个EDAG 结合位点的Peaks数目,代表了975个结合的基因且错误发现率(false discovery rate, FDR)小于00001. EDAG Peaks主要分布在基因间区和内含子区.进一步利用Q-PCR对ChIP-Seq数据进行了验证,证实EDAG可结合在检测的靶基因调控区上.将EDAG结合的基因进行基因功能（gene ontology, GO)注释,表明EDAG参与了细胞周期、细胞生长、细胞分化、细胞凋亡及信号通路等多种生物学过程.综上,利用ChIP-seq技术在促红细胞生成素（EPO）诱导分化的CD34+细胞中鉴定了1 292个EDAG结合的peaks对应975个基因,并对该结果进行了随机验证,提示EDAG广泛参与了多种生物学过程.该研究为揭示EDAG的功能及作用机制提供了线索.     

转录因子结合位点的计算预测方法研究进展

转录因子结合位点的计算预测是研究基因转录调控的重要环节,但现有算法的预测特异性偏低.在深入分析转录因子结合位点生物特征的基础上,对当前基于保守模体和基于比较基因组学的两类计算预测方法进行了综述,指出了方法各自的优点和不足,并探讨了可能的改进方向.