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1.
利用扫描电镜观察11个观赏海棠品种的花粉形态特征;根据花粉形状、纹饰、孔频等性状用类平均法(UPGMA)对不同海棠品种进行聚类分析,研究其亲缘关系及类群。结果表明;11个观赏海棠品种的花粉粒侧面观均为长椭圆形;极面观为三角形或近圆形;属于N3P4C5型花粉;花粉外壁均具条嵴。不同品种花粉粒形状、条嵴、纹饰、穿孔形态差异显著。聚类分析表明;在相似距离3.30水平上;将11个品种聚为3个类群;‘红双’、‘红纱’、‘红波’3个品种花粉条纹束分枝长、条脊较疏而整齐聚为第一类群;‘红粉’、‘红亮’、‘雪莱’、‘雪球’、‘红艳’、‘雪倩’6个品种条脊疏、整体呈极轴平行;分叉少;穿孔密度中等聚为第二类;‘道格’、‘雪开’因条脊无规则排列、花粉粒小、穿孔直径较小聚为第三类;且处于进化的最先端。  相似文献   

2.
刺五加花粉活力和柱头可授性的研究   总被引:66,自引:1,他引:66  
刘林德  张洪军  祝宁  申家恒 《植物研究》2001,21(3):375-379,T001
用TTC法测定了刺五加花粉的活力和寿命,用联苯胺一过氧化氢法、开花后套袋法测定了其柱头可授期,用扫描电子显微镜观察了刺五加柱头的亚显微形态特征。结果表明,刺五加长花丝植株的花粉活力比中花丝植株的高;花粉活力及其下降快慢随生境不同而有所差异;通常情况下,花粉寿命约4天。刺五加长花丝植株的柱头一直不具有可授性;中花丝植株和短花丝植株的柱头,因所处生镜不同,在开花后5-7、6-8、或7-9天具可授性;生境越郁闭,柱头具可授性的时间越晚。具可授性的柱头有独特的形态特征,即:柱头外翻、5或4裂、湿性、乳突细胞呈猫耳朵状。  相似文献   

3.
以10个中国兰品种和8个大花蕙兰品种为材料开展了兰属植物间的杂交试验,比较不同组合的杂交亲和性。结果表明:(1)54个杂交组合,共授粉582朵,获得杂交果实131个,平均结实率为22.51%;中国兰与大花蕙兰正交结实率(23.19%)高于反交结实率(9.27%)。(2)墨兰与大花蕙兰无论正交或反交均可获得较高的结实率,其亲和性高于春兰、建兰与大花蕙兰杂交的亲和性。(3)中国兰种间杂交亲和性较高,3类组合结实率均大于30%,但不同品种间杂交亲和性不一,春兰‘绿萼’,墨兰‘企黑’、‘白墨’,建兰‘金荷’,大花蕙兰‘黄金岁月’比较适宜做母本;春兰‘大富贵’,墨兰‘富贵’、‘白墨’,大花蕙兰‘月影’、‘日本绿’和‘黑珍珠’比较适宜做父本。  相似文献   

4.
芍药花粉活力和柱头可授性的研究   总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37       下载免费PDF全文
红雨  刘强  韩岚 《广西植物》2003,23(1):90-92
用TTC法测定了芍药花粉的活力和寿命,用联苯胺—过氧化氢法测定了其柱头的可授期。结果表明,栽培芍药单瓣花植株的花粉活力和重瓣花植株的花粉活力在开花初期(1~2d)无明显差别,但重瓣花植株的花粉活力比单瓣花植株的花粉活力下降快;通常情况下,花粉寿命约为7d。栽培品种的柱头有个体差异,单瓣花植株有的开花后2h即可分泌粘液,而重瓣花植株的柱头在开花后,有的一直不分泌粘液,有的在开花后两天才分泌粘液;单瓣花植株的柱头可授性比重瓣花植株的强,一般分别在开花后6d和3d之内具可授性。移栽的野生芍药植株的花粉活力比栽培品种下降的慢,其寿命也较长,一般为15d;柱头的可授性和粘液分泌比栽培植株强。  相似文献   

5.
紫薇品种与尾叶紫薇种间杂交亲和性研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
通过杂交结果率比较和荧光显微观察对5个紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)品种与尾叶紫薇(L.caudata)杂交亲和性进行研究.结果显示:(1)以紫薇品种作母本与尾叶紫薇进行杂交(正交),'白云映霞'结果率最高,达36.6%,而'粉蝴蝶'×尾叶紫薇未结果.以尾叶紫薇作母本时(反交),各紫薇品种均可结果,结果率为16.6%~51.8%.(2)荧光观察发现,尾叶紫薇花粉在紫薇雌蕊上萌发和生长受到一定的阻碍,表现为授粉后柱头乳突细胞产生大量胼胝质反应,花粉管生长过程中出现较多胼胝质栓塞等;而紫薇的花粉在授粉1 h后即可在尾叶紫薇柱头上萌发,8 h花粉管伸入子房,10 h完成受精.研究表明,各正交组合的亲和性有明显差异,存在受精前障碍,而反交组合亲和性较好,不存在受精前障碍.  相似文献   

6.
大叶杨组组间杂交花粉-柱头相互作用的超微结构研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
以大叶杨为母本,分别与小叶杨、欧洲黑杨、响叶杨进行人工杂交,并以大叶杨×大叶杨为对照,观察其花粉与柱头相互作用的超微结构变化。结果表明,大叶杨柱头细胞在授粉前表现生理活跃,含丰富的细胞器,壁外被含分支通道的角质层。接受大叶杨及欧洲黑杨花粉的柱头细胞内部仍有丰富的细胞器,膜结构保存完好。接受小叶杨及响叶杨花粉的柱头细胞衰亡较快,授粉部位沉积厚的胼胝质,细胞内部液泡化,膜结构逐渐消失,细胞质电子密度加大。欧洲黑杨花粉行为与大叶杨花粉行为相似,花粉能迅速萌发,并以短管形式穿入柱头,异常行为罕见。小叶杨及响叶杨花粉萌发后只有半数花粉管能以短管形式进入柱头,其中部分管内沉积胼胝质,另半数花粉管在柱头上表现各种异常行为——扭曲、爬行、肿胀、提前破裂释放内容物及先端沉积胼胝质。由各种花粉在大叶杨柱头上的行为和大叶杨柱头对各种授粉的反应判断,与大叶杨杂交亲和力在柱头阶段表现由强至弱依次是欧洲黑杨、小叶杨、响叶杨。  相似文献   

7.
七叶树花粉活力和柱头可授性变化的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
李莺  陈鹏涛  樊静静 《广西植物》2012,32(6):816-821
采用花粉离体萌发法研究不同蔗糖浓度、硼酸浓度和不同温度对七叶树花粉萌发的影响及花粉活力测定,用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性.结果表明:七叶树花粉萌发的最佳培养基是12%蔗糖+30 mg/L硼酸,花粉萌发的最适温度为25℃.雄花在开花当天花粉活力最高达75.69%,并在开花当天的上午10:00时,花粉活力最强,10:00~16:00花粉活力保持较高活力,是最佳授粉时段.两性花的柱头可授期持续时间较长,为8~9 d,开花3d达到最强,开花1~4 d柱头可授性保持较高水平,为授粉的最佳时间段.因此,从七叶树的花部特征、花粉活力与柱头可授性及花粉萌发的条件看,在长期的自然选择下七叶树在花部结构和开花生理上都是相配合的,以保障生殖成功.  相似文献   

8.
油菜CMS柱头亲和性的比较研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
油菜 CMS柱头与花粉亲和性的比较研究表明 :授粉后 2 4 h、30 h和 48h,平均结籽率、结角率和角粒数分别达最大值 ,授粉后 30 h以内为柱头受精能力最强的时期 ;参试的几个 CMS柱头与花粉的亲和性差异显著 ,表现为 A3>A1>A2 ,各杂交组合亲和能力依次为 A3× B2 >A1× B1>A3× B1>A1× B2 >A2 × B1>A2 × B2 ,说明不育系陕 3A的亲和性优于陕 2 A;甘蓝型油菜 CMS开花 2~ 3d内柱头亲和性最强 ,受精结实率最高 ,开花 4~ 5d后受精结实能力急降 ,7d后则几乎失去受精结实能力。  相似文献   

9.
应用石蜡制片、活体压片、光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察等方法,研究了四倍体河南云台山野菊(Dendranthema indicum)与栽培菊花'钟山金山'(D.grandiflorum 'Zhongshanjinshan')种间杂交中父本花粉活力、花粉在柱头萌发、花粉管生长及胚胎发育情况等.结果发现,父本云台山野菊的花粉活力在授粉时为12%左右.人工授粉后的不同时间,在柱头上都观察到正常萌发的花粉粒,且花粉管都能进入柱头,其中,在授粉后0.5 h时,平均每柱头有5.9粒花粉萌发;12 h时,为59.9粒;而24和48 h时,则分别降为47.1和35.7粒.此外,在授粉后8、10、12和15 d时,分别在49.1%、40.8%、39.7%和38.5%子房内观察到正常发育的胚胎,最终杂交结实率为44.8%,而母本自然开放结实率为52.3%.研究表明,授粉前其多数母本雌蕊发育良好、授粉后多数花粉能在柱头正常萌发和花粉管正常生长,在受精后大部分胚胎发育正常是野菊与栽培菊种间杂交较高结实率的重要保证,而授粉前父本较低的花粉活力对杂交结实率影响不大.  相似文献   

10.
伯乐树是单种科植物和第三纪孑遗植物,零星分布于中国华南地区和越南北部,由于种群规模锐减被列为国家一级保护植物.本试验从传粉生物学角度研究其花粉的类型、活力变化、贮藏方法及柱头可授性,结果表明伯乐树雌蕊先熟,柱头在初开期迅速伸长,能有效避免自花传粉;柱头从小蕾期到盛开期间可授性逐渐增强,盛花期间的柱头表面具有粘液.花粉系...  相似文献   

11.
    
It is generally agreed that many Vitis vinifera L. cultivars are self-fertile, where self-pollination often occurs beforecapfall in a process called cleistogamy. Therefore, it is difficult to identify the right time to remove stamens beforeself-pollination during the cross-breeding of grape. For this paper, we observed the process of grape flowering andmeasured the pollen viability and stigma receptivity of grape flowers of ‘Shine Muscat’ in order to identify thestarting time of self-pollination before capfall and to provide useful information for improving the efficiencyof cross-breeding. The results demonstrate that the anther is not cracked during the visible clusters and separatedclusters stages. Meanwhile, in the separated floral buds, flowering begins, and full bloom stages, the pollen viability is 60.7%, 73.2% and 80.3%, respectively; however, at the berry set stage, pollen viability drops to zero.The top of the mature stigma is composed of a layer of nearly cylindrical papillary cells, and the stigma receptivityfor pollen changes with the development of flowers: in particular, no reaction was observed in the visible clustersstage; weak positive reaction at the separated clusters stage; strong positive reaction at the separated floral buds,flowering begins, and full bloom stages; and no reaction at the berry set stage. In the separated floral buds stage,pollen tubes were seen germinating in the style. In the flowering begins stage, more pollen tubes were observed atthe entry of the ovary. During the full bloom stage, most pollen tubes elongated into the ovary base and someentered the pearl hole. At the berry set stage, newborn endosperm nucleus could be seen in the ovule. Fromthe above, we can conclude that the initiation time of closed fertilization for ‘Shine Muscat’ grape can be judgedas the separated floral buds stage, and it is best to discard the stamen before the separated floral buds stage whenconducting cross-breeding.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Breeding system in a population of Trigonella balansae (Leguminosae)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although some taxonomic studies in the genus Trigonella have been conducted, there has been no concerted effort to study the breeding system. This paper examines the floral structure and pollination system in a population of T. balansae, an annual pasture legume. METHODS: Floral morphology, hand and vector pollination, stigma receptivity, pollen tube growth, using scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy, were conducted. KEY RESULTS: Measurements of floral structure from before to after anthesis indicates an inability for T. balansae to self-pollinate and a requirement for an external vector to effectively transfer pollen from the anthers onto the stigmas of this species. Seed set can be obtained by hand or honeybee manipulation of T. balansae flowers. CONCLUSIONS: Trigonella balansae is a self-compatible species, but which requires vectors such as honeybees to bring about pollination.  相似文献   

14.
为揭示特早熟枇杷新品系‘川早枇杷’头花坐果率低的原因,该试验采用田间调查方法观察了‘川早枇杷’头花的开花期,并用联苯胺-过氧化氢法检验了柱头可授性、TTC法测定了花粉活力、苯胺蓝染色法观察了花粉管生长情况。结果显示:(1)‘川早枇杷’头花7月中旬进入初花期,7月下旬至8月上旬为盛花期,8月中旬至下旬为终花期,头花花期的果园气温最高、最低和平均分别为34.9℃、18.9℃和26.03℃。(2)开花当天及花后1~4d柱头具有可授性,且花后1d柱头可授性最强、花粉活力最高,以后花粉活力逐渐迅速降低。(3)自花授粉的花粉管在授粉后48h抵达花柱基部、96h到达胚珠,但数量极少。研究表明,‘川早枇杷’头花具有最佳可授性的时间较短,花粉活力降低迅速,花粉管能够抵达花柱基部和进入胚珠的数量极少,花期高温等诸多因素的综合作用可能是造成其头花坐果不良的重要原因。  相似文献   

15.
16.
濒危植物蒙古扁桃花粉活力和柱头可授性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
红雨  方海涛  那仁   《广西植物》2006,26(6):589-591
用过氧化氢酶法测定蒙古扁桃花粉的活力和寿命,用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性。结果表明,蒙古扁桃花粉活力在散粉后第2天最高,3d后活力迅速下降,三种类型的植株的花粉活力下降速度存在差异,其活力可持续30d左右。短柱头植株柱头在开花后1d可分泌黏液,长柱头和中柱头花植株的柱头在开花后2d才分泌黏液,短柱头分泌黏液的持续时间较后者长。柱头可授性持续时间同种之间也存在差异,长柱头和中柱头植株可达6d,而短柱头花植株可持续10d左右。  相似文献   

17.
    
The effective pollination period (EPP) was determined for ‘Oblica’ olive trees in response to sequential pollinations at anthesis and at increasing days after. The role played by each of three components of the EPP, namely the stigmatic receptivity, pollen tube growth and ovule longevity was examined and the duration of the EPP under different environmental conditions was calculated. An increase in temperature in the field was caused by enclosing bearing trees within polyethylene cages. The duration of the EPP varied between years and environmental conditions. Initial fruit set (IFS) declined gradually in response to sequential cross‐pollination. The significant decrease with respect to the maximum levels of IFS occurred 5 days after anthesis (DAA) in 2007 and between 4 and 5 DAA in 2010 at both environmental conditions. However, the fruit set decrease with sequential pollinations was sharper for the trees inside the cages than for trees growing at the open air, suggesting that high temperatures induce earlier and more pronounced decrease in flower fertility. The stigma receptivity was quite extended decreasing slowly with time. In 2010, the stigma receptivity was prolonged beyond sampling date (7 DAA) in both environmental conditions. Stigmas first lost the capacity to support pollen germination and later their capacity to adhere pollen grains. Pollen tube growth occurred rapidly and fertilization took place 1 or 2 days after pollination. Cross‐pollination resulted with higher fertilization levels, whereas fertilization was reduced and delayed under self‐pollination. Enclosing the trees within the cages had small effect on cross‐pollination but impaired the self‐pollination which resulted with reduced levels of fertilization. The ovule longevity was prolonged beyond the end of sampling in both years and conditions (beyond 9 DAA in 2009 or 7 DAA in 2010). Discrepancy between the estimates of the duration of the EPP based on analyses of its components and those indicated by the declines in fruit set from delayed pollination suggests that a different component of the pistil, the style, could have the critical role in determining the duration of the EPP.  相似文献   

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