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1.
油松树脂道的发生和发育研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
关于松科植物的树脂道,以往都认为是以裂生方式发生。本文通过对油松各类器官的发育解剖学研究,发现其各类器官中树脂道的结构,发生和发育方式并不完全一致,并对产生这些差异的原因进行了分析和讨论。  相似文献   

2.
壳菜果植物树脂道的发生、发育及分布的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
陆祖军  徐华松  朱念德   《广西植物》1998,18(4):331-334
经解剖观察,发现壳菜果(Mytilarialaoensis)植物初生结构能自然形成树脂道,而次生结构不能自然形成。树脂道原始细胞发生位置为离顶端120~140μm的区段上,与初生分生组织同时形成。以后原始细胞经历;(1)原始细胞分裂阶段;(2)树脂道发生阶段;(3)树脂道扩张阶段;(4)树脂道成熟阶段;(5)树脂道破毁阶段而完成其功能周期。壳菜果植物的树脂道以裂溶生方式发生,分布在维管束外侧的皮层中。此为金缕梅科各亚科系统位置研究提供重要证据  相似文献   

3.
油松茎次生木质部中树脂道的发育过程和组织化学研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
利用组织化学方法对油松茎次生木质部树脂道发育过程中上皮细胞内树脂滴和淀粉粒的动态变化进行了研究。发现在树脂道原始细胞阶段,每个原始细胞含淀粉粒较少,含树脂滴稀少。在树脂道形成阶段,淀粉粒数目较多,体积增大,树脂滴也呈递增趋势。在树脂道成熟阶段,淀粉粒数目变化不大,而体积明显变小,树脂滴的体积增大,数目减少。  相似文献   

4.
油松茎次生结构中树脂道的结构分布和发育的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
油松茎的次生结构中树脂道存在于次生维管组织中。其中,次生木质部内具有水平的和垂直的两类树脂道,而次生韧皮部内则仅有水平的树脂道。两类树脂道都由上皮细胞和鞘细胞包围着胞间道构成,其中木质部内的树脂道具有死鞘细胞,而韧皮部中的则都系生活细胞。在心材中,垂直树脂道形成拟侵填体。在次生木质部内,垂直树脂道常分布于早材的外部区域和最初形成的晚材中,它们与水平树脂道连接,腔道贯通,从而形成二维网状结构。垂直树脂道来源于纺锤状原始细胞的衍生细胞,而水平树脂道来源于射线原始细胞,两者都以裂生方式发生。  相似文献   

5.
油松茎初生结构中树脂道发育的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
油松茎初生结构中的树脂道是裂生的胞间道,分布在皮层和初生木质部内。皮层树脂道原始细胞团起始于茎端下约140微米处原形成层束两侧的基本分生组织中。在原生韧皮部最早的筛胞分化形成时出现裂生腔隙。其裂隙直径的进一步扩大主要依靠鞘细胞插入到上皮细胞之间和上皮细胞本身的切向伸长。成熟的树脂道近园形,四周由9~16个上皮细胞包被,其外为1~2层鞘细胞。茎的初生结构内树脂道位于皮层内侧的薄壁组织中,通常为8个,排列成一圈。叶迹进入叶子时,其两侧的每一个树脂道也二叉分枝,其一与叶迹一起进入叶子。初生木质部树脂道起源于原形成层细胞,在初生维管组织分化后期才开始发育。每个维管束的初生木质部一般只有一个树脂道。季节的变化对皮层树脂道的形成过程有一定的影响。在一年的不同季节中,从春季到秋季所形成的树脂道出现孔径逐渐变大,上皮细胞的数目和鞘细胞的层数逐渐增多,茎内树脂道的数目增加等变化。  相似文献   

6.
运用薄切片和电镜细胞化学方法观察了马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb.)茎皮层树脂道的发育及发育过程中果胶酶的变化。树脂道的发育过程一般可分为4个阶段,即原始细胞阶段、胞间隙形成阶段、腔道扩大阶段和树脂道成熟阶段。在原始细胞阶段,果胶酶的反应产物首先出现在原始细胞膨胀的细胞壁角隅处,然后沿细胞壁中层分布。胞间隙形成后,果胶酶的反应产物分布在细胞壁和胞间隙的交界面。随着胞间隙的扩大,反应产物的密度逐渐降低。当树脂道成熟后,上皮细胞壁上则没有果胶酶的反应产物出现。细胞化学证据表明: 在树脂道的发育过程中,果胶酶降解树脂道原始细胞细胞壁中层,支持树脂道以裂生方式形成。果胶酶的细胞化学定位技术还可用于其他植物中与果胶水解有关的发育过程。  相似文献   

7.
运用薄切片和电镜细胞化学方法观察了马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb.)茎皮层树脂道的发育及发育过程中果胶酶的变化.树脂道的发育过程一般可分为4个阶段,即原始细胞阶段、胞间隙形成阶段、腔道扩大阶段和树脂道成熟阶段.在原始细胞阶段,果胶酶的反应产物首先出现在原始细胞膨胀的细胞壁角隅处,然后沿细胞壁中层分布.胞间隙形成后,果胶酶的反应产物分布在细胞壁和胞间隙的交界面.随着胞间隙的扩大,反应产物的密度逐渐降低.当树脂道成熟后,上皮细胞壁上则没有果胶酶的反应产物出现.细胞化学证据表明:在树脂道的发育过程中,果胶酶降解树脂道原始细胞细胞壁中层,支持树脂道以裂生方式形成.果胶酶的细胞化学定位技术还可用于其他植物中与果胶水解有关的发育过程.  相似文献   

8.
臭椿茎中分泌道的发育及其组织化学研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用植物解剖学方法研究臭椿茎和叶柄中分泌道的结构、分布和发育过程.结果表明:臭椿茎和叶柄中的分泌道分布于髓的周缘,次生木质部中无分泌道.分泌道是由一层分泌细胞围绕分泌腔而构成,分泌细胞外有1~2层鞘细胞.分泌道以裂生方式形成,其发育过程可分为3个阶段:原始细胞阶段、形成阶段和成熟阶段.在原始细胞阶段,一群原始细胞具浓厚细胞质,细胞核清晰可见;形成阶段,原始细胞的中央细胞间细胞壁中层降解,细胞壁分离,形成腔隙,随着分泌细胞数量的增加,分泌腔体积扩大;成熟阶段的分泌道具有12~16个分泌细胞,1~2层鞘细胞,分泌腔直径为30~50μm.组织化学研究表明,分泌细胞及分泌道内含物中含大量的萜类、多糖和脂类物质.机械创伤能够诱导次生木质部中产生创伤分泌道.臭椿茎中的分泌道和创伤性分泌道在抵御生物和非生物胁迫中起重要作用.  相似文献   

9.
植物根毛的发生、发育及养分吸收   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
根毛是植物吸收养分的重要器官,认识根毛的发生、发育规律及其与养分吸收的关系,可为植物养分吸收效率的遗传改良提供依据.介绍了植物根毛的形态特性、发生和发育过程及其调控机制,并结合本实验室的工作,讨论了根毛对养分吸收的贡献、根毛受养分有效性的调节及其与其他根系形态构型性状间的关系,阐述了根毛中养分转运等植物营养过程及其生理和分子生物学基础.最后提出了关于根毛研究中的一些问题和研究前景.  相似文献   

10.
植物根毛的发生、发育及养分吸收   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根毛是植物吸收养分的重要器官,认识根毛的发生、发育规律及其与养分吸收的关系,可为植物养分吸收效率的遗传改良提供依据。介绍了植物根毛的形态特性、发生和发育过程及其调控机制,并结合本实验室的工作,讨论了根毛对养分吸收的贡献、根毛受养分有效性的调节及其与其他根系形态构型性状间的关系,阐述了根毛中养分转运等植物营养过程及其生理和分子生物学基础。最后提出了关于根毛研究中的一些问题和研究前景。  相似文献   

11.
Aims: Enterococcus faecalis is associated with a significant number of refractory endodontic infections. Previous studies report a prevalence of Ent. faecalis ranging from 24% up to 77% in teeth with failed endodontic treatment. The origin of the micro‐organism remains unclear, as enterococci do not belong to the normal oral microflora. The aim of this study was to determine whether these enterococci were of endogenous or exogenous origin. Methods and Results: Fifty consecutive patients with apical periodontitis in need of endodontic orthograde re‐treatment were included. Samples were collected from root canals, saliva and faeces and subjected to microbiological culturing. The genetic relationship between Ent. faecalis from root canals and isolates from the different host sources was determined using pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis. In 16% (8/50) of the patients, enterococci were collected from the root canal samples. The genetic analysis showed that the isolates from the root canals were not related to those from the normal gastrointestinal microflora. None of these patients had enterococci in their saliva samples. Conclusions: Endodontic infections with Ent. faecalis are probably not derived from the patient’s own normal microflora, which indicates that these infections ent. faecalis are of exogenous origin. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first study to genetically compare endodontic infectious Ent. faecalis isolates with isolates from the hosts’ own normal microflora.  相似文献   

12.
    
Abstract. Recent reports of occasional males in Austrian populations of Triops cancriformis have promoted interest in an analysis of the ultrastructure of the male gonad. It appears as a double thick and well‐defined tubular structure running along the midgut, inside the hemocoel. It is composed of two portions: the wall and the lumen. The former is made up of germ cells that are widespread and intermixed with somatic cells. The lumen is ~200 μm wide and acts as the collecting site of spermatids and sperm. The germ cells are recognizable by their rounded appearance and by the occurrence of exceptionally long synaptonemal complexes in their nuclei. Their maturation implies a volume elongation and an aggregation in a characteristic “cyst” arrangement. The cysts migrate towards the lumen, where they break open, releasing spermatids and sperm. At the end of this process the lumen is filled with maturing gametes. The sperm have very condensed chromatin nuclei and partially reduced cytoplasm where the most striking features are the axoneme and strewn microtubules together with evident pseudopodia. Our morphological data support the full functionality of males in T. cancriformis. However, further work on gametogenesis, distribution of sexes, and genetic analysis of breeding experiments are needed to reach a fuller understanding of the role of males in middle and northern European populations of this species.  相似文献   

13.
    
What is a larva, if it is not what survives of an ancestor's adult, compressed into a transient pre‐reproductive phase, as suggested by Haeckel's largely disreputed model of evolution by recapitulation? A recently published article hypothesizes that larva and adult of holometabolous insects are developmental expressions of two different genomes coexisting in the same animal as a result of an ancient hybridization event between an onychophoran and a primitive insect with eventless post‐embryonic development. More likely, however, larvae originated from late embryonic or early post‐embryonic stages of ancestors with direct development. Evolutionary novelties would thus be intercalary rather than terminal, with respect to the ancestor's ontogenetic schedule. This scenario, supported by current research on holometabolous insects and marine invertebrates with complex life cycles, offers a serious alternative to the traditional scenario (‘what is early in ontogeny is also early in phylogeny’) underlying the current perception of the evolution of genetic regulatory networks.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Laticifers and secretory ducts: two other tube systems in plants   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
The plant kingdom has elaborated several conducting systems. Three are primarily for mass transport: the aerenchyma (for gas exchange in submerged parts), the phloem (for exchange of nutrients within the plant), and the xylem (largely for transport of water from soil to transpiring leaves). Two others are believed to be primarily defensive and to store under pressure aversive contents which they exude when punctured: the laticifer and the secretory duct. This review provides for the latter two systems the highlights of what is known about their general physiology and ecophysiology but not their metabolism and their molecular biology. It is argued that, given the importance of laticifers and secretory ducts to plant defense against insect herbivory, these structures are under-investigated and deserve more intensive study.  相似文献   

16.
tbx2是早期心脏发育的关键基因。为进一步探究其对房室间隔(AVC)发育的影响,研究利用CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因敲除技术,成功构建了斑马鱼tbx2b突变体。通过T7E1酶切对其F0进行敲除效率检测,结果显示平均敲除效率约为57.5%。F1进一步筛选获得tbx2b杂合突变体,测序结果显示突变类型为11 bp碱基缺失的移码突变。tbx2b杂合子内交获得纯合子,tbx2b纯合突变体在5 dpf死亡并出现早期心脏环化异常表型。斑马鱼整胚原位杂交实验显示在3 dpf tbx2b纯合突变体中, 心脏腔室分化特异性标志基因nppanppb表达上调并异位表达在AVC,而AVC发育关键基因has2的表达消失。高效构建tbx2b突变体并初探其对下游基因的影响,为后续深入研究tbx2b对心脏AVC发育的作用奠定了基础,同时加深了人们对早期心脏调控网络的认识。  相似文献   

17.
桤木插穗不定根发生与发育的解剖学观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用常规石蜡切片法对桤木插穗进行解剖观察,研究茎的次生结构及不定根的起源和发生发育过程,探讨影响不定根发生的因素。结果表明:桤木茎的次生构造从外至内由周皮、皮层和次生维管组织3部分组成。皮孔有2种类型。不定根的发育过程可分为4个阶段:(1)维管形成层与髓射线交叉处的细胞活动,产生具有典型分生组织特点的薄壁细胞团;(2)薄壁细胞不断分裂,形成不定根原基发端细胞;(3)分裂分化形成的不定根沿着韧皮射线向皮层延伸;(4)随着不定根内部的维管系统的发育,不定根从皮孔或下切口伸出。  相似文献   

18.
19.
Coronary arteries bring blood flow to the heart muscle. Understanding the developmental program of the coronary arteries provides insights into the treatment of coronary artery diseases. Multiple sources have been described as contributing to coronary arteries including the proepicardium, sinus venosus (SV), and endocardium. However, the developmental origins of coronary vessels are still under intense study. We have produced a new genetic tool for studying coronary development, an AplnCreER mouse line, which expresses an inducible Cre recombinase specifically in developing coronary vessels. Quantitative analysis of coronary development and timed induction of AplnCreER fate tracing showed that the progenies of subepicardial endothelial cells (ECs) both invade the compact myocardium to form coronary arteries and remain on the surface to produce veins. We found that these subepicardial ECs are the major sources of intramyocardial coronary vessels in the developing heart. In vitro explant assays indicate that the majority of these subepicardial ECs arise from endocardium of the SV and atrium, but not from ventricular endocardium. Clonal analysis of Apln-positive cells indicates that a single subepicardial EC contributes equally to both coronary arteries and veins. Collectively, these data suggested that subepicardial ECs are the major source of intramyocardial coronary arteries in the ventricle wall, and that coronary arteries and veins have a common origin in the developing heart.  相似文献   

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