微红梢斑螟的生物学特性及其防治

微红梢斑螟是为害马尾松的重要害虫之一,该虫在福建明溪1年发生3-4代,以幼虫越冬,幼虫5龄,卵期3-7天左右,曲虫期24-35天,越冬代138-169天,蛹期11-18天。选用40％氧化乐果、80％敌敌畏、50％甲胺磷、4.5%氯氢萄酯,20％杀灭菊脂等农药的不同浓度,采用拉丁方设计对微红梢斑螟进行防治试验。结果表明所选用的农药中80％敌敌畏500倍液、50％甲胺礴500倍液、40％氧化乐果500、1000、1500倍液,对3-5龄幼虫的防治效果部在85％以上。20%杀灭菊酯、80%敌敌畏和柴油以2：1：50或1：2：50的比例混合,防治效果均在90％以上．     

银杏超小卷叶蛾生物学特性与防治

银杏超小卷叶蛾PammeneginkgoicolaLiu在安徽黄山、九华山 1年发生 1代 ,以蛹在粗树皮内或树枝裂缝中越冬。该虫以幼虫蛀食短枝和当年生长枝嫩茎 ,翌年 4月上旬为成虫羽化期 ,4月上旬至 5月上旬达羽化高峰。 4月中旬为产卵盛期 ,4月上旬幼虫孵化 ,4月下旬孵化盛期 ,4月上旬至 5月底为幼虫为害期 ,5月下旬至 7月上旬幼虫全部钻入树皮。 5月份用 2 5 %溴氰菊酯乳油 3 0 0 0倍喷雾或用80 %敌敌畏 1 0 0 0倍液与 40 %氧化乐果 1 0 0 0倍液混合喷雾 ,防治效果 90 %左右。 6月中下旬用敌敌畏原液、氧化乐果、柴油按 1∶1 5∶3的比配成油雾剂喷洒树干 ,可有效地消灭害虫。     

考氏白盾蚧药效试验初报

试验了一些药剂对考氏白眉蚧的防治效果。对初孵若虫及2、3龄若虫室内均以40％氧化乐果乳油、50％乐果乳剂、20％中西除虫菊酯乳剂、40％水胺硫磷乳剂的1000倍液及60％柴油乳剂30倍液效果较好。对雌成虫室外试验以60％柴油乳剂30倍液、40％氧化乐果乳油、40％水胺硫磷乳剂1000倍液及50％杀螟松乳剂600倍液效果较好。     

福州地区桑白蚧发生动态和药剂防治试验

桑白蚧在福州地区一年发生4代．以雌成虫在寄主枝干上越冬．越冬代(第4代)一雌虫产卵量多的达278粒．少的36粒,平均171粒,比第2代产卵量多2．6倍．比第3代多4．5倍．药剂防治试验结果,在2龄幼蚧高峰期,用25％扑虱灵可温性粉剂1500倍液,40％氧化乐果乳油800-1000倍液和95%机油乳剂50—100倍液喷雾．防治效果可达90％左右．用25％扑虱是可湿性粉剂1000-1500倍液．喷酒幼蚕触杀试验和喷洒桑叶喂蚕胃毒试验结果．对幼蚕安全．用扑虱灵防治桑树上的桑白蚧,对养蚕业无不良影响。     

木兰突细蛾生物学特性及其防治

木兰突细蛾Gibbovalvaurbana(Meyrick)为木兰科植物叶部的重要害虫之一。在广州年发生 8代 ,世代重叠 ,以蛹越冬。翌年 2月下旬、3月上旬成虫羽化、交配、产卵。幼虫孵化后潜入叶表皮取食叶肉组织造成叶枯黄凋落。用 5 0 %久效磷乳油、5 0 %甲胺磷乳油、40 %氧化乐果乳油常规喷雾有良好防治效果。幼虫期、蛹期主要天敌有姬小蜂科 2种。蛹期还有一种病菌感染。     

对危害松树幼林的桃蛀螟观察初报

桃蛀螟Dichocrocis puncilferalis Guenée原为重要的农业果树害虫。近年来在福建省的部分县市对剐植下的松树幼林危害严重．经观察。诙虫在南平、建宁一年发生4-5代,以4龄幼虫在被害橙梢虫苞内越冬,翌年春。越冬后的幼虫仍能取食为害．可采用白僵菌粉剂、95％晶体敌百虫300倍液或40％乐果乳油400倍液。喷布防治．效果可达94．1％以上．     

荒漠草原新害虫——白茨粗角萤叶甲生物学及防治的研究

白茨粗角萤叶甲,以成、幼虫取食白茨叶片、嫩枝条及果实形成缺刻、断梢及伤果,严重时可吃光整个叶片、嫩梢,造成白茨成片死亡。该虫在宁夏年发生2代,以成虫土中越冬。幼虫三龄,土中化蛹。亩用2.5％溴氰菊脂5ml、20％杀灭菊脂10ml、40％氧化乐果50ml进行超低容量喷雾,防治效果均在90％以上。     

桂花叶蜂的生物学和防治

桂花叶蜂是桂花树的主要害虫之一。幼虫取食嫩叶,对桂花树造成严重损害。在广西桂林一年发生一次。以老熟幼虫于土内作茧越冬。孤雌或两性生殖。幼虫期五龄,预蛹期长达270多天。试验结果表明,80%敌敌畏乳剂1000—1500倍液或40％乐果乳剂1000—5000倍液对幼虫均有良好的防治效果。     

榆跳象生物学特性及防治

榆跳象是榆树重要食叶害虫之一,在甘肃省张掖地区１年发生１代,以成虫越冬。成虫取食叶肉,幼虫潜叶危害。成虫期根施３％呋喃丹颗粒剂或２５％溴氰菊酯乳油２０００倍稀释液树冠喷雾,防治效果可达９０％。     

小叶女贞新害虫黄环绢须野螟生物学特性

黄环绢须野螟Palpitaannulata(Fabricius)是小叶女贞(LigustrumquihouiCarr.)上新出现的一种害虫,严重危害小叶女贞叶片,造成植株枯萎、死亡,同时也危害金叶女贞(L.vicaryi)。该虫在湖南省衡阳地区1年发生3代,以蛹在土中越冬。越冬代成虫和第1、2代成虫分别于4月下旬、5月下旬和6月下旬出现。成虫产卵于嫩梢顶端叶片上,卵期3d,幼虫期9～12d。5月上旬和6月上旬分别是第1代和第2代幼虫盛发期,危害最重。越冬代成虫羽化期喷药是防治该虫的关键,在成虫期和幼虫期分别用40%氧化乐果乳油、50%辛硫磷乳油1000～1200倍或25%溴氰菊酯乳油2500～3000倍稀释液喷洒寄主叶面,可控制该虫危害。     

花椒潜跳甲生物学特性及防治试验

本文报道了花椒潜跳甲 Podagricomela shirahatai(Chuj)在甘肃舟曲１年发生 ２代,以成虫港入树干基部３～５ｃｍ土层内或砂石缝中越冬,越冬成虫春季出土上树时是防治关键时期,成虫产卵前用５０％增效辛硫磷乳油和４０％氧乐果乳油１２００～１５００倍稀释液在成虫期和幼虫期喷洒叶面,杀虫率在９０％～９８．２％。不发生药害,效果显著。     

杜松皑粉蚧的生物学特性及其防治

杜松皑粉蚧是杜松的重要害虫。该虫在内蒙古包头1年发生2代,以2龄若虫越冬。5月中下旬和7月中下旬是若虫危害的两个高峰期。在越冬代若虫活动盛期（5月中旬）喷洒2．5％溴氰菊酯＋40％氧乐果（1：3）1500～2000倍混合稀释液或40％氧乐果＋80％敌敌畏乳油1000倍混合稀释液2～3次,杀虫效果可达95％。     

樱桃瘿瘤头蚜的发生和防治

樱桃瘿瘤头蚜是樱桃春季的主要害虫之一,该蚜在豫西地区每年发生１０－１４代,以受精卵在小枝条的芽腋等处赵冬。越冬卵孵化盛期为落花后至第一片叶展开际,这是防治的有利时机,其防治方法是：（１）４月下旬人工摘除虫叶并集中销毁;（２）喷洒２．５％功夫乳油２５００倍稀释液,缺水地区则用４０％氧乐果乳油５倍稀释液涂干,其保叶效果均在９０％以上。     

Efficacy of Czechoslovak and Soviet Bacillus thuringiensis (serotype H-14) formulations against mosquito larvae

Laboratory and field comparisons were made with two wettable powder formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14 (B. t. H-14) prepared in Czechoslovakia ("Moskitur") and the USSR ("Baktokulicid"). Expressed in the international Aedes aegypti toxic units (TU X mg-1) the potency of these two test formulations was greater than that of the Institute Pasteur Standard IPS-78 (= 1,000 TU X mg-1), i.e. Moskitur had a potency of about 1,500 TU X mg-1 and the Soviet Baktokulicid 2,000 TU X mg-1. The Baktokulicid and Moskitur LC 90 values for laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti larvae were, respectively, 0.11 and 0.16 mg X l-1. The range of LC 90 values for the Czechoslovak wild-caught mosquito species of the genera Aedes and Culex was 0.14-0.31 mg X liter-1 with Moskitur, 0.11-0.41 mg X l-1 with Baktokulicid, and 0.16-0.48 mg X l-1 with IPS-78. The susceptibility of laboratory Anopheles stephensi larvae was close to that of Aedes aegypti, larvae of An. messeae required many times as much Baktokulicid (1.6 mg X l-1) and Moskitur (more than 6.4 mg X l-1) for 90% mortality as did other mosquito species. The aim of outdoor assays was to establish the minimum Moskitur and Baktokulicid rates giving a 100% control of mosquito larvae. For Ae. cantans breeding habitat in flood plain forest areas these rates ranged between 0.1-0.5 mg X l-1 (0.2-1.0 kg X ha-1), for Ae. vexans control on artificially irrigated meadows between 0.8-2.0 mg X l-1 (1.2-3.0 kg X ha-1). Consistently with laboratory bioassays, Baktokulicid gave 100% control of An. messeae 4th instar larvae at a dose as high as 3.2 mg X l-1, Moskitur gave 23.1% kill at 6.4 mg X l-1. The effect of Moskitur and Baktokulicid formulations was immediate, larvae that hatched 7-14 days posttreatment survived. The efficacy of B. t. H-14 outdoor treatments tended to markedly decrease with the larval densities exceeding 100 larvae per 1 dm2. Species of nontarget aquatic organisms, including the Diptera Chaoborus crystallinus, Mychlonyx sp. and Dixidae, were not noticeably affected by treatments with B. t. H-14 formulations used.     

树杆注药防治油松扁叶蜂

用40%氧化乐果乳油对油松扁叶蜂Acantholyda posticalis posticalisMatsumura进行树杆注射用药,防治技术简单易行、省工省时、环境污染小、成本低、防效达97%,适用大田防治。     

Morphogenesis of free neuromasts in the larvae of brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus

Newly hatched larvae had one pair of free neuromasts behind the eyes. As the larvae grew, free neuromasts increased in number. The apical surface of sensory epithelium widened and subsequently elongated. The number of sensory hair cells increased and the directions of maximum sensitivity became both anteroposterior and dorsoventral on the trunk. Before notochord flexion, only the anteroposterior type was observed. After notochord flexion, two types of neuromasts were observed on the trunk. On the head, the orientation of free neuromasts formed a tangential line to concentric circles around the eyes and nostrils. Free neuromasts on the head could therefore receive stimuli from various angles from predators or zooplanktons. This suggests that these free neuromasts play a role in compensating for a dead angle of vision, and an important role in detecting zooplankton under scotopic vision. Canal organs were observed on the head and operculum in 40-d-old animals.     

Effects of Population Densities of Meloidogyne hapla on Growth and Yield of Tomato

Growth and yield of ''Veebrite'' tomato were studied in 20-cm (i.d.) clay-tile microplots containing initially 260, 1,840, 6,120, or 27,950 Meloidogyne hapla larvae/kg of soil. Low nematode numbers stimulated, and the highest nematode population suppressed, vegetative plant growth. More tomatoes, with a higher total weight, were harvested from plants infested with 260 and 1,840 nematode larvae at planting than from those with initial densities of 6,120 and 27,950 larvae. At the two highest densities, the cumulative fruit production (weight) was suppressed by 10% and 40%, respectively. The increase in growth and yield at the lower densities appeared to be due to an increase in the size of the root systent. However, at the higher densities, yield was no longer directly related to root weight. The reproduction factor of M. hapla was negatively correlated with initial density; for the lowest and highest initial densities, it was 96X and 7X at midseason, and 354X and 3X at harvest, respectively. The equilibrium density was 63,000 larvae/kg of soil; initial densities larger than 2,000 larvae/kg of soil may require control.     

筛阿鳃金龟的生物学特性及其防治

筛阿鳃金龟是龙眼、荔枝的主要害虫,在广西南宁每年发生1代,以成虫越冬。翌年3月下旬或4月上旬成虫出土取食为害,直至5月中下旬成虫开始交配产卵,8月下旬或9月上旬为幼虫化蛹盛期,9月中下旬为成虫羽化盛期,随之出土取食为害,11月下旬入蛰。其主要以成虫为害植株的新梢嫩叶,而且每年出现两次为害高峰期,分别在当年9～10月和翌年4～5月。用40％氧乐果或50％甲胺磷乳油800～1000倍稀释液喷雾,防治效果显著。     

Comparative toxicity of purified human eosinophil granule proteins for newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis

Eosinophils have been implicated in both in vivo and in vitro destruction of helminths. One approach toward elucidating the role of the eosinophil in parasite killing has been to test the toxicity of purified eosinophil granule proteins for parasites in vitro. Previously, major basic protein (MBP) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were shown to be toxic for schistosomules of Schistosoma mansoni, while eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) was only marginally so. We tested the toxicity of MBP, ECP, and EDN over a range of concentrations (0.006-5 X 10(-4) M) for newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis. Our observations confirm previous reports of toxicity of mildly reduced and alkylated (R & A) MBP. At concentrations of 5 X 10(-5) M and above, R & A MBP killed 75% or more of the larvae within the first hour of culture. ECP was an effective toxin for these larvae after 3 hr of culture, and by 12 hr, dose-related toxicity was evident. After 24 hr, 100% of the larvae were killed at 5 X 10(-5) M ECP. EDN was much less toxic; after 12 hr, 90% of the larvae survived at concentrations of 1 X 10(4) M, while 5 X 10(-4) M EDN killed all the larvae. At the optimal toxic concentrations of 5 X 10(-5) M ECP and 5 X 10(-4) M EDN, kinetics of killing by these 2 proteins were essentially the same. Thus, on a molecular basis, both MBP and ECP appear to be potent helminthotoxins whereas EDN is much less so.     

云斑天牛在白蜡树上的发生与防治研究

云斑天牛Batocera horsfieldi(Hope)是白蜡树上近年来新出现的一种蛀干害虫。在东营市的市区绿化中危害日趋严重,目前其受害率达到10％强,成为白蜡树上继“窄吉丁虫”为害后的又一主要蛀干害虫。该虫2—3年完成1代,以第1年幼虫和第2年成虫,在主干或主干分叉处的蛀道内越冬。主要危害胸径8cm以上生长的白蜡树,在树干根基部30cm以下,或在主干分叉处蛀食为害,并常引起“风折木”。在9月下旬进行注药和4月上旬进行埋药防治,控制效果可达90％以上。