共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 132 毫秒
1.
2.
During fermenter cultivation of Phaffia rhodozyma on a grape juice medium, the presence of glucose initially delayed fructose utilization, although fructose was consumed before glucose depletion. Total pigment and astaxanthin production were growth associated and reached maximum values of 15.9 g/ml and 9.8 g/ml, respectively, after depletion of the carbon source. The total cellular pigment and astaxanthin content increased during the stationary growth phase due to a decrease in biomass, reaching final values of 2120 g/g and 1350 g/g, respectively, without the volumetric concentration in the culture changing. The final cell yield was 0.33 g/g sugar utilized. High sugar concentrations in shake-flasks as well as O2 limitation decreased the astaxanthin content of the cells. Addition of yeast extract to a grape juice minimal medium markedly increased the maximum specific growth rate, total pigment and astaxanthin content of the cells. An excess of ammonia decreased the intracellular astaxanthin content, which reached a maximal value in cultures with no residual glucose or ammonia.The authors are with the Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Orange Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; 相似文献
3.
Cerón MC García-Malea MC Rivas J Acien FG Fernandez JM Del Río E Guerrero MG Molina E 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2007,74(5):1112-1119
The influence of culture conditions on the quality of Haematococcus pluvialis biomass is assessed. Continuously grown cells have been characterised with respect to their astaxanthin, fatty acid content,
and antioxidant activity and compared with those of non-growing haematocysts. Moderate limitation of nitrate availability
(1.7 mM) under continuous growth conditions favoured the production of reddish palmelloid cells whose extracts possessed antioxidant
activity equivalent to that of haematocyst extracts, despite the lower astaxanthin content (0.6%d.wt.), which is compensated
by a higher fatty acid level (7.6%d.wt.). Green cells produced under nitrate saturation conditions (>4.7 mM) exhibit only
40% antioxidant activity than palmelloid. In addition, the major fatty acid present in palmelloid cells was oleic acid (40%f.a.),
whereas, in both green cells and haematocysts, the main fatty acids were myristic, palmitic, and oleic acid (20–30%f.a. each).
Biomass extracts were fractionated and analysed. The antioxidant capacity was a function of both the carotenoid and the fatty
acid profiles, the antioxidant capacity of astaxanthin diesters fraction being 60% higher than astaxanthin monoesters fraction
and twice than free astaxanthin. In such a way, the evaluation of the quality of H. pluvialis biomass must take into account both variables. When considering the production of H. pluvialis biomass for human consumption, special attention should be paid to the one-step continuous system approach for the generation
of cells rich in both astaxanthin and fatty acids, as they have high antioxidant activity but without thick hard cell wall. 相似文献
4.
Enrique A. Iturriaga Antonio Velayos Arturo P. Eslava 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2000,5(4):263-274
Carotenoids are widely distributed natural pigments which are in an increasing demand by the market, due to their applications
in the human food, animal feed, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Although more than 600 carotenoids have been identified
in nature, only a few are industrially important (β-carotene, astaxanthin, lutein or lycopene). To date chemical processes
manufacture most of the carotenoid production, but the interest for carotenoids of biological origin is growing since there
is an increased public concern over the safety of artificial food colorants. Although much interest and effort has been devoted
to the use of biological sources for industrially important carotenoids, only the production of biological β-carotene and
astaxanthin has been reported. Among fungi, several Mucorales strains, particularlyBlakeslea trispora, have been used to develop fermentation process for the production of β-carotene on almost competitive cost-price levels.
Similarly, the basidiomycetous yeastXanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (the perfect state ofPhaffia rhodozyma), has been proposed as a promising source of astaxanthin. This paper focuses on recent findings on the fungal pathways for
carotenoid production, especially the structure and function of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids in the
Mucorales. An outlook of the possibilities of an increased industrial production of carotenoids, based on metabolic engineering
of fungi for carotenoid content and composition, is also discussed. 相似文献
5.
Summary Astaxanthin, a main carotenoid pigment, has a strong antioxidant activity. The effects of sugar-feeding strategies on astaxanthin production by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous fed-batch fermentation were studied. Sugar was added instantaneously to a 30 l fermentor at various discrete time instants (pulse-feeding), or continuously to the fermentor to maintain the constant sugar concentration. Pulse-feeding experiments were initiated with sugar concentrations from 30 to 50 g/l, and then one, two, three and four feedings were made. The results showed that optimal sugar feeding depended on feeding time and pulse sugar feeding was the best among all experiments, in which a significant increase (54.9%) in production of astaxanthin was achieved at 132 h in a pulse fed-batch process compared with a batch process. 相似文献
6.
Phaffia rhodozyma cells were treated with the mutagenic agent NTG several times and plated on yeast-malt agar containing -ionone as a selective medium. This mutagenesis of the yeast yielded a mutant (NCHU-FS501) with a total carotenoid content of 1454 g g–1 dry biomass. Temperature and pH had only a slight effect on the volumetric pigment production by the red yeast, however astaxanthin yield and specific growth rate were influenced more significantly by temperature and pH. The optimum inoculum size, temperature and air flow rate for astaxanthin formation by the mutant in a bench-top fermentor were 7.5% (v/v), 22.5°C and 3.6 vvm, respectively. Glucose (1%, w/v) as carbon source yielded the highest volumetric astaxanthin production (6.72 g ml–1). Peptone (15.8% total nitrogen) was the best nitrogen source for astaxanthin production (6.72 g ml–1). Pigment formation by the mutant was further improved by increasing the glucose concentration to 3.5%, where the astaxanthin concentration was 16.33 m ml–1. At 4.5% glucose or above astaxanthin formation was inhibited. Control of the pH of the fermentation broth did not improved pigment production. 相似文献
7.
Tinoi J Rakariyatham N Deming RL 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2006,33(4):309-314
Astaxanthin production in the wild strain Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous TISTR 5730 was investigated using different mustard waste media, including mustard waste residue extract (MRE), mustard waste
residue hydrolysate (MRH), mustard waste precipitated extract (MPE), and mustard waste precipitated hydrolysate (MPH). The
growth of X. dendrorhous and the production of astaxanthin were dependent on the type and initial concentrations of mustard waste media. The MPH medium
was the best substrate resulting in yields of biomass and astaxanthin of 19.6 g/L and 25.8 mg/L, respectively, under optimal
conditions. MPH medium improved astaxanthin production 11-fold compared to the commonly used commercial yeast malt medium,
and 1.3–2.1-fold compared to other mustard waste media. 相似文献
8.
J. Masojídek M. Sergejevová K. Rottnerová V. Jirka J. Korečko J. Kopecký I. Zaťková G. Torzillo D. Štys 《Journal of applied phycology》2009,21(1):55-63
A novel two-stage experimental photobioreactor (PBR) with a total volume of 450 L and based uniquely on solar concentrators—linear
Fresnel lenses—has been constructed and tested. Daily courses of irradiance, and also its distribution inside cultivation
tubes, were studied in two unit types. The supra-high irradiance units in the ‘roof’ achieved a maximum summer value above
6 mmol photon m−2 s−1, while irradiance in the vertical-facade units was lower than ‘ambient’. In model cultivations, cultures of the cyanobacterium
Arthrospira platensis were cultivated at much higher solar irradiances than those usually recorded outdoors in summer, indicating that this organism
is resilient to high-irradiance (photoinhibition). Starting from a biomass density of 0.5 g L−1 at optimum temperature, the cultures grew exponentially. A two-stage cultivation process of the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis was investigated with respect to correlations between photochemical activities and astaxanthin production. The culture was
first grown in low-irradiance units, and then exposed to supra-high irradiance when the rate of astaxanthin production was
30–50% higher than in the culture exposed to ‘ambient’ irradiance. Within 4 days, the astaxanthin content reached 3% of dry
weight, whereas under ambient irradiance the astaxanthin content was 25% lower. 相似文献
9.
Ngoc-Phuong Tran Jae-Kweon Park Z-Hun Kim Choul-Gyun Lee 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2009,14(3):322-329
Astaxanthin production is commonly induced under stress conditions such as nutrient deficiency (N or P), high light stress,
and variations of temperature, high NaCl concentrations, and other factors. The objective of the present study is the analysis
of the effect of oxidative stress by sodium orthovanadate (SOV), a nonspecific inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases,
on the cells growth and astaxanthin production of H. lacustris. In the presence of SOV (lower than 5.0 mM), maximum growth of H. lacustris obtained was 2.4 × 105 cells/mL in MBBM medium at 24°C under continuous illumination (40 μE/m2/s) of white fluorescent light, with continuous aeration of CO2 (0.2 vvm). Total carotenoids accumulated per cell biomass unit treated with 2.5 mM SOV has approximately shown 2.5 folds
higher than the control after short period of SOV induction time as 2 days, despite that cells were grown under normal light.
Meanwhile, maximal astaxanthin production from H. lacustris was 10.7 mg/g biomass in MBBM with 5 days of continuous illumination at 40 μE/m2/s, which has been established as optimal light intensity for the control culture of H. lacustris. Treating algae H. lacustris with sodium orthovanadate showed promoting the accumulation of astaxanthin by advancing either the inhibition of dephosphorylation
or synthesis of ATP. Its potential role of PTPases in microalgae H. lacustris is discussed.
The first two authors are equally contributed to this work. 相似文献
10.
Comparative analysis of astaxanthin and its esters in the mutant E1 of Haematococcus pluvialis and other green algae by HPLC with a C30 column 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Juan Peng WenZhou Xiang QuanMing Tang Ni Sun Feng Chen JianPing Yuan 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2008,51(12):1108-1115
A gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using a C30 column was developed for the simultaneous
determination of astaxanthin, astaxanthin monoesters and astaxanthin diesters in the green algae Chlorococcum sp., Chlorella zofingiensis, Haematococcus pluvialis and the mutant E1, which was obtained from the mutagenesis of H. pluvialis by exposure to UV-irradiation and ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) with subsequent screening using nicotine. The results showed
that the contents of total astaxanthins including free astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters ranged from 1.4 to 30.9 mg/g dry
biomass in these green algae. The lower total astaxanthin levels (< 2 mg/g dry biomass) were detected in the green algae Chlorococcum sp. and C. zofingiensis. The higher total astaxanthin levels (>16 mg/g dry biomass) were found in the green alga H. pluvialis and its mutant E1. It is notable that the mutant E1 is found to have considerably higher amounts of total astaxanthin (30.9
mg/g) as compared to the wild strain of H. pluvialis (16.1 mg/g). This indicates that UV-irradiation and EMS compound mutagenesis with subsequent screening using nicotine is
an effective method for breeding of a high-producing astaxanthin strain of H. pluvialis. In addition, the green alga C. zofingiensis had a remarkably higher percentage of astaxanthin diesters (76.3% of total astaxanthins) and a remarkably lower percentage
of astaxanthin monoesters (18.0% of total astaxanthins) in comparison with H. pluvialis (35.5% for diesters and 60.9% for monoesters), the mutant E1 (49.1% and 48.1%) and Chlorococcum sp. (18.0% and 58.6%).
Supported by the Frontier Research Grant of the SCSIO, the Hundred Talents program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National
Natural Sciences of China projects (Grant No. 40776087) 相似文献
11.
Hydrogen peroxide-induced astaxanthin biosynthesis and catalase activity in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (formerly Phaffia rhodozyma) in shake-flask cultures was exposed to 10–20 mmol/L H2O2 at various culture stages, and the astaxanthin production was significantly increased by H2O2 fed at 0 or 24 h (exponential phase), but only slightly at 48 h (near stationary phase). The astaxanthin production was enhanced most significantly with double feeding of 10 mmol/L H2O2 at 0 and 24 h, reaching a cellular content of 1.30 mg/g cell and a volumetric yield of 10.4 mg/L, which were 83 and 65% higher, respectively, than those of the control (0.71 mg/g cell and 6.3 mg/L). The intracellular catalase (CAT) activity was also increased after H2O2 treatment. The increases in CAT and astaxanthin of cells could be detected within 4 h of H2O2 treatment. The increase in the astaxanthin content of cells was concomitant with a notable decrease in the β-carotene content. The older yeast cells at late culture stage (120 h), due perhaps in part to their higher astaxanthin contents, were more tolerant to H2O2 toxicity than the younger cells (24 h). No enhancement of the astaxanthin biosynthesis was attained when H2O2 was added to the yeast culture together with a sufficient amount of exogenous CAT. The results suggest that astaxanthin biosynthesis in X. dendrorhous can be stimulated by H2O2 as an antioxidative response. 相似文献
12.
Pelah Dan Sintov Amnon Cohen Ephraim 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2004,20(5):483-486
The fresh water green microalga Chlorella zofingiensisis known to accumulate ketocarotenoids – primarily astaxanthin but also canthaxanthin – when grown under stress conditions of high light irradiance and low nitrogen. We found that salt stress can replace light stress with respect to inducing carotenoid production: cells of C. zofingiensis grown under low light irradiance and subjected to salt and low nitrogen stress accumulated higher amounts of total secondary carotenoids than those growing under high light and low nitrogen stress. Furthermore, C. zofingiensis growing under conditions of salt stress and low light accumulated higher amounts of canthaxanthin than astaxanthin. It is suggested that for canthaxanthin accumulation under salt stress, light is not a limiting factor, but for astaxanthin accumulation high light irradiance is mandatory. These results may be applied in the future for the commercial production of canthaxanthin by C. zofingiensis in systems in which light availability is poor. 相似文献
13.
Influence of culture conditions such as light, temperature and C/N ratio was studied on growth of Haematococcus pluvialis and astaxanthin production. Light had significant effect on astaxanthin production and it varied with its intensity and direction
of illumination and effective culture ratio (ECR, volume of culture medium/volume of flask). A 6-fold increase in astaxanthin
production (37 mg/L) was achieved with 5.1468·107 erg·m−2·s−1 light intensity (high light, HL) at effective culture ratio of 0.13 compared to that at 0.52 ECR, while the difference in
the astaxanthin production was less than 2 — fold between the effective culture ratios at 1.6175·107 erg·m−2·s−1 light intensity (low light, LL). Multidirectional (three-directional) light illumination considerably enhanced the astaxanthin
production (4-fold) compared to unidirectional illumination. Cell count was high at low temperature (25 °C) while astaxanthin
content was high at 35 °C in both autotrophic and heterotrophic media. In a heterotrophic medium at low C/N ratio H. pluvialis growth was higher with prolonged vegetative phase, while high C/N ratio favoured early encystment and higher astaxanthin
formation. 相似文献
14.
Domínguez-Bocanegra AR Ponce-Noyola T Torres-Muñoz JA 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2007,75(4):783-791
Phaffia rhodozyma (now Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous) and Haematococcus pluvialis are known as the major prominent microorganisms able to synthesize astaxanthin natural pigment. Important research efforts
have been made to determine optimal conditions for astaxanthin synthesis. When the focus is on astaxanthin production, the
maximal reported value of 9.2 mg/g cell is obtained within H. pluvialis grown on BAR medium, under continuous illumination (345 μmol photon m−2 s−1) and without aeration. Whereas fermentation by mutated R1 yeast grown on coconut milk produced 1,850 μg/g yeast. However,
when looking at astaxanthin productivity, the picture is slightly different. The figures obtained with P. rhodozyma are rather similar to those of H. pluvialis. Maximal reported values are 170 μg/g yeast per day with a wild yeast strain and 370 μg/g yeast per day with mutated R1 yeast.
In the case of H. pluvialis, maximal values ranged from 290 to 428 μg/g cell per day depending on the media (BG-11 or BAR), light intensity (177 μmol
photon m−2 s−1), aeration, etc. The main aim of this work was to examine how astaxanthin synthesis, by P. rhodozyma and H. pluvialis, could be compared. The study is based on previous works by the authors where pigment productions have been reported. 相似文献
15.
虾青素具有多种生物学活性,雨生红球藻为天然虾青素的最佳来源,缺氮胁迫会导致雨生红球藻积累虾青素。为了解缺氮条件下雨生红球藻虾青素积累的分子机制,该研究通过对雨生红球藻进行缺氮胁迫,结合MSAP法,研究了雨生红球藻在缺氮胁迫下虾青素积累过程中基因组甲基化水平的变化,结果表明:缺氮胁迫0~72 h期间,雨生红球藻生长速度减慢,而虾青素积累主要发生在缺氮处理12~24 h期间,随后积累速度减慢。同时,对缺氮胁迫0、24、72 h的雨生红球藻基因组DNA进行甲基化敏感扩增多态性分析,共得到了291个甲基化多态性位点,其中发生甲基化变化的位点在0~24 h和24~72 h分别占总位点的29.90%和53.95%。在缺氮胁迫24 h处DNA半甲基化率最大(为12.71%),全甲基化率最低(为26.80%);缺氮胁迫72 h处DNA全甲基化率最高(为28.52%),半甲基化率最低(为1.72%)。这表明DNA甲基化调节方式的改变是虾青素积累过程中的一种重要调控模式。 相似文献
16.
Mirash Zhekisheva Sammy Boussiba Inna Khozin‐Goldberg Aliza Zarka Zvi Cohen 《Journal of phycology》2002,38(2):325-331
The chlorophyte Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates large quantities of astaxanthin under stress conditions. Under either nitrogen starvation or high light, the production of each picogram of astaxanthin was accompanied by that of 5 or 3–4 pg of fatty acids, respectively. In both cases, the newly formed fatty acids, consisting mostly of oleic (up to 34% of fatty acids in comparison with 13% in the control), palmitic, and linoleic acids, were deposited mostly in triacylglycerols. Furthermore, the enhanced accumulation of oleic acid was linearily correlated with that of astaxanthin. Astaxanthin, which is mostly monoesterified, is deposited in globules made of triacylglycerols. We suggest that the production of oleic acid‐rich triacylglycerols on the one hand and the esterification of astaxanthin on the other hand enable the oil globules to maintain the high content of astaxanthin esters. 相似文献
17.
Choi SK Nishida Y Matsuda S Adachi K Kasai H Peng X Komemushi S Miki W Misawa N 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2005,7(5):515-522
A complementation analysis was performed in Escherichia coli to evaluate the efficiency of β-carotene ketolases (CrtW) from the marine bacteria Brevundimonas sp. SD212, Paracoccus sp. PC1 (Alcaligenes PC-1), and Paracoccus sp. N81106 (Agrobacterium aurantiacum), for astaxanthin production. Each crtW gene was expressed in Escherichia coli synthesizing zeaxanthin due to the presence of plasmid pACCAR25ΔcrtX. Carotenoids that accumulated in the resulting E. coli transformants were examined by chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses. The transformant carrying the Paracoccus sp. PC1 or N81106 crtW gene accumulated high levels of adonixanthin, which is the final astaxanthin precursor for CrtW, and astaxanthin, while the
E. coli transformant with crtW from Brevundimonas sp. SD212 did not accumulate any adonixanthin and produced a high level of astaxanthin. These results show efficient conversion
by CrtW of Brevundimonas sp. SD212 from adonixanthin to astaxanthin, which is a new-found characteristic of a bacterial CrtW enzyme. The phylogenetic
positions between CrtW of the two genera, Brevundimonas and Paracoccus, are distant, although they fall into α-Proteobacteria. 相似文献
18.
Improvement of astaxanthin production by a newly isolated Phaffia rhodozyma mutant with low-energy ion beam implantation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aims: Isolation, characterization and identification of Phaffia sp. ZJB 00010, and improvement of astaxanthin production with low‐energy ion beam implantation. Methods and Results: A strain of ZJB 00010, capable of producing astaxanthin, was isolated and identified as Phaffia rhodozyma, based on its physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA gene sequence analysis. With low‐energy ion beam implantation, this wild‐type strain was bred for improving the yield of astaxanthin. After ion beam implantation, the best mutant, E5042, was obtained. The production of astaxanthin in E5042 was 2512 μg g?1 (dry cell weight, DCW), while the wild‐type strain was about 1114 μg g?1 (DCW), an increase of 125·5%. Moreover, the fermentation conditions of mutant E5042 for producing astaxanthin were optimized. The astaxanthin production under the optimized conditions was upscaled and studied in a 50‐l fermentor. Conclusions: A genetically stable mutant strain with high yield of astaxanthin was obtained using low‐energy ion beam implantation. This mutant may be a suitable candidate for the industrial‐scale production of astaxanthin. Significance and Impact of the Study: Astaxanthin production in Phaffia rhodozyma could be fficiently improved by low‐energy ion beam implantation, which is a new technology in the mutant breeding of micro‐organisms. The mutant obtained in this work could potentially be utilized in industrial production of astaxanthin. 相似文献
19.
MIAO FengPing LU DaYan ZHANG ChengWu ZUO JinCheng GENG YaHong HU HongJun & LI YeGuang 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2008,51(12):1094-1100
The compositions and contents of astaxanthin esters and fatty acids in four types of Haematococcus pluvialis cells were studied by HPLC and GC-MS. Results showed that the synthesis and accumulation of astaxanthin was independent of
the formation of cysts, but was highly correlated with the synthesis and accumulation of fatty acids, though it is an well
known phenomenon that the accumulation of astaxanthin is usually accompanied by the formation of cyst. The red cysts contain
more than 30% of fatty acids, with 81% of the unsaturated fatty acids. Taken together, besides a resource of astaxanthin,
H. pluvialis would be a good resource of valuable fatty acids.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. CNSF30570183), Chinese Academy of Science (KSCX2-YW-G-027)
and Yunnan Provincial Sciences and Technology Department, China (2007AD009) 相似文献
20.
Dorta C Cruz R de Oliva-Neto P Moura DJ 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2006,33(12):1003-1009
Different concentrations of sucrose (3–25% w/v) and peptone (2–5% w/v) were studied in the formulation of media during the cultivation of Aspergillus japonicus-FCL 119T and Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. Moreover, cane molasses (3.5–17.5% w/v total sugar) and yeast powder (1.5–5% w/v) were used as alternative nutrients for both strains’ cultivation. These media were formulated for analysis of cellular growth, β-Fructosyltransferase and Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) production. Transfructosylating activity (U
t
) and FOS production were analyzed by HPLC. The highest enzyme production by both the strains was 3% (w/v) sucrose and 3% (w/v) peptone, or 3.5% (w/v) total sugars present in cane molasses and 1.5% (w/v) yeast powder. Cane molasses and yeast powder were as good as sucrose and peptone in the enzyme and FOS (around 60% w/w) production by studied strains. 相似文献