共查询到8条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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Coren L. Apicella David R. Feinberg 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2009,276(1659):1077-1082
In humans, voice pitch is thought to be a cue of underlying quality and an important criterion for mate choice, but data from non-Western cultures have not been provided. Here we test attributions to and preferences for voices with raised and lowered pitch in hunter–gatherers. Using a forced-choice playback experiment, we found that both men and women viewed lower pitched voices in the opposite sex as being better at acquiring resources (e.g. hunting and gathering). While men preferred higher pitched women''s voices as marriage partners, women showed no overall preference for voice pitch in men. However, women who were currently breastfeeding had stronger preferences for higher pitched male voices whereas women not currently breastfeeding preferred lower pitched voices. As testosterone is considered a costly signal associated with dominance, heritable immunity to infection and low paternal investment, women''s preferences potentially reflect a trade-off between securing good genes and paternal investment. Men''s preferences for higher pitched female voices are probably due to an evolved preference for markers of fecundity, reflected in voice pitch. 相似文献
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Liza Aziz 《Visual Anthropology: Published in cooperation with the Commission on Visual Anthropology》2013,26(3):217-230
The SABC television series Voice Out addresses the issue of sexual responsibility in South African youth. This project analyzes to what extent the program falls within the Entertainment Education (EE) ambit, as the producers had no formal knowledge of EE methods and strategies. The methodology used in assessing Voice Out was based on Eric Michaels' formulation of television's “hermeneutic circle” [Michaels 1990] and a reconceptualized version of the model of Tomaselli and Shepperson [2002]. This model proposes a negotiation of texts between producers, technology, and audiences [Michaels 1990]. The insertion of the producer of Voice Out as an author enabled an interrogation into the work before and after learning about EE theory and methods. This evaluation established that EE methods are incorporated, such as formative evaluation, strategic design plan, and role modeling. An impact evaluation was conducted using four focus groups from two secondary schools in KwaZulu-Natal, during which a semi-structured questionnaire was completed. Both rural and urban youth were included to judge their differing responses. This method concluded that the program was linked to the social modeling theory, in that it incorporated aspects of role modeling, similarity, and parasocial interaction. However, this cannot be classified as an entirely EE approach, as only certain aspects relating to EE theory and methodology are used. 相似文献
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Barbara Farrell Corey Tsang Lalitha Raman-Wilms Hannah Irving James Conklin Kevin Pottie 《PloS one》2015,10(4)
Polypharmacy and inappropriate medication use among older adults contribute to adverse drug reactions, falls, cognitive impairment, noncompliance, hospitalization and mortality. While deprescribing - tapering, reducing or stopping a medication - is feasible and relatively safe, clinicians find it difficult to carry out. Deprescribing guidelines would facilitate this process. The aim of this paper is to identify and prioritize medication classes where evidence-based deprescribing guidelines would be of benefit to clinicians. A modified Delphi approach included a literature review to identify potentially inappropriate medications for the elderly, an expert panel to develop survey content and three survey rounds to seek consensus on priorities. Panel participants included three pharmacists, two family physicians and one social scientist. Sixty-five Canadian geriatrics experts (36 pharmacists, 19 physicians and 10 nurse practitioners) participated in the survey. Twenty-nine drugs/drug classes were included in the first survey with 14 reaching the required (≥ 70%) level of consensus, and 2 new drug classes added from qualitative comments. Fifty-three participants completed round two, and 47 participants completed round three. The final five priorities were benzodiazepines, atypical antipsychotics, statins, tricyclic antidepressants, and proton pump inhibitors; nine other drug classes were also identified as being in need of evidence-based deprescribing guidelines. The Delphi consensus process identified five priority drug classes for which expert clinicians felt guidance is needed for deprescribing. The classes of drugs that emerged strongly from the rankings dealt with mental health, cardiovascular, gastroenterological, and neurological conditions. The results suggest that deprescribing and overtreatment occurs through the full spectrum of primary care, and that evidence-based deprescribing guidelines are a priority in the care of the elderly. 相似文献
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Yuko Yoshimura Mitsuru Kikuchi Sanae Ueno Eiichi Okumura Hirotoshi Hiraishi Chiaki Hasegawa Gerard B. Remijn Kiyomi Shitamichi Toshio Munesue Tsunehisa Tsubokawa Haruhiro Higashida Yoshio Minabe 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Optimal brain sensitivity to the fundamental frequency (F0) contour changes in the human voice is important for understanding a speaker’s intonation, and consequently, the speaker’s attitude. However, whether sensitivity in the brain’s response to a human voice F0 contour change varies with an interaction between an individual’s traits (i.e., autistic traits) and a human voice element (i.e., presence or absence of communicative action such as calling) has not been investigated. In the present study, we investigated the neural processes involved in the perception of F0 contour changes in the Japanese monosyllables “ne” and “nu.” “Ne” is an interjection that means “hi” or “hey” in English; pronunciation of “ne” with a high falling F0 contour is used when the speaker wants to attract a listener’s attention (i.e., social intonation). Meanwhile, the Japanese concrete noun “nu” has no communicative meaning. We applied an adaptive spatial filtering method to the neuromagnetic time course recorded by whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) and estimated the spatiotemporal frequency dynamics of event-related cerebral oscillatory changes in beta band during the oddball paradigm. During the perception of the F0 contour change when “ne” was presented, there was event-related de-synchronization (ERD) in the right temporal lobe. In contrast, during the perception of the F0 contour change when “nu” was presented, ERD occurred in the left temporal lobe and in the bilateral occipital lobes. ERD that occurred during the social stimulus “ne” in the right hemisphere was significantly correlated with a greater number of autistic traits measured according to the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), suggesting that the differences in human voice processing are associated with higher autistic traits, even in non-clinical subjects. 相似文献
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The Level of Passive Voice Comprehension in the 4–5 Years Old Russian Children Reflects in the ERP’s
Kruchinina O. V. Stankova E. P. Guillemard D. M. Galperina E. I. 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2022,58(2):395-409
Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology - The passive voice acquisition and thematic-role assignment is the key point in the process of complex grammar comprehension. The same semantic... 相似文献
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Banurekha Velayutham Beena Thomas Dina Nair Kannan Thiruvengadam Suma Prashant Sathyapriya Kittusami Harivanzan Vijayakumar Meenachi Chidambaram Shri Vijay Bala Yogendra Shivakumar Lavanya Jayabal Ashok Jhunjhunwala Soumya Swaminathan 《PloS one》2015,10(9)