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1.
红细胞血型是以红细胞膜上特异性抗原类型进行区分的,广泛存在于各种动物中。对哺乳纲、鸟纲、爬行纲、两栖纲、鱼纲、圆口纲等不同脊椎动物的红细胞血型系统分类进行了说明、归纳,并对多种动物的血型系统之间存在相似性的现象,以及不同纲的动物之间血型系统的复杂程度进行了比较和探讨。红细胞血型相似程度可反映动物之间的亲缘性,复杂程度可反映不同纲动物之间的进化地位,为生物学教学工作者和研究动物血型的科研工作者提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
哺乳动物TULP家族成员包含TUB、TULP1、TULP2、TULP3和TULP4共五种,它们在哺乳动物多种组织中表达,与个体的生长发育、稳态维系、遗传及基因突变所致疾病关系密切。近年来对TULP家族成员的生物学功能及其与疾病的相关性已进行了深入的研究,如TUB所致肥胖-听力减退-视网膜三联征;TULP1的视觉功能与相关眼病治疗方法的探索及评估改进;TULP3除了在胚胎神经发育中的作用及其突变可致纤毛病多囊肾外,更成为相关肿瘤调控的研究热点;TULP4被证明与遗传所致畸形及阿尔茨海默症有关,同时因成为多种疾病的候选基因而受到广泛关注;而TULP2在雄性生殖中的作用也得到了初步的揭示。本文对TULP家族成员在哺乳动物中的生物学功能及其变异所致疾病的发病机制进行了综述,以期为相关疾病的诊断和治疗提供理论依据。  相似文献   

3.
网络成瘾是指由于过度使用网络而导致社会及心理损害的现象,危害极大,故受到广泛关注。网络成瘾主要受生物学机制的调控。在脑神经机制方面,通过对成瘾者的自发脑电、事件相关电位以及成瘾者静息态BOLD-f MRI的分析,发现成瘾者脑功能区出现异常。同时,网络成瘾也受到自主神经功能的影响。另外,脑内奖赏系统和成瘾记忆模型也可能成为引发网络成瘾的脑神经机制。体内化学物质的失衡也能引发网络成瘾。鉴于此,一些治疗方法如药物干预、行为干预、认知干预以及综合干预疗法使得根治网络成瘾成为可能。本文拟从网络成瘾的概念、表现特点、不良影响及其发生的生物学机制等方面的研究进展进行阐述,以期为相关研究提供一些有价值的参考依据。  相似文献   

4.
强迫症是以具有反复强迫思维和强迫行为为特征的一种心理障碍疾病。该病严重影响人们的心理健康和日常生活,因而受到广泛的关注。强迫症病因比较复杂,受到多种因素的影响,家庭环境、社会氛围、个人受教育程度、智力水平及个体的身体素质、健康状况及个性特点等因素与强迫症的产生密切相关。对强迫症的生物学机制的研究主要集中在对相关基因的研究上,其中五羟色胺和多巴胺在强迫症中的作用机制相对来说研究的比较多,也比较成熟,近年来又发现谷氨酸通路和白细胞介素-10也与强迫症的发生有关。与此同时一些治疗强迫症的方法也涌现了出来,如药物治疗和心理治疗。本文拟从强迫症的概念、临床表现、影响因素、生物学机制及其治疗方法等方面的研究进行阐述,以期为今后的研究提供一些参考和依据。  相似文献   

5.
检验血型是临床医学上给患者输血和做手术前的一项常规工作 ,是进行亲子鉴定和法医鉴定的一项主要参数 ,也是中学生感兴趣的一个话题。随着 1998年《中华人民共和国献血法》的颁布和实施 ,越来越多的中学生关注血型和血型遗传问题 ,尤其产生了渴望揭开人类血型遗传的神秘面纱 ,期待早日了解血型遗传真谛的愿望。据此 ,笔者因势利导 ,与医务工作人员配合 ,利用课外活动时间 ,进行了引导中学生研究人类血型遗传的尝试 ,并获得较好的成效。1 指导理论研究分班指导、分组研究、统计归纳 (见表 1~表 3)。表 1  Rh血型遗传类型亲代子  代RR…  相似文献   

6.
406例汉族人指纹与血型相关性的研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
本文对湖南省郴州地区卫生学校406名汉族学生的指纹和血型的关系进行了初步研究。差异显著性测定表明:A、B、O和AB四种血型的指纹型发布频率、各手指纹型的频率及对应手指纹型组合格局有显著差异。由此推测指纹与血型之间可能有一定的相关性。  相似文献   

7.
利用硬脂酸钠与氯化钙溶液反应可生成难溶沉淀物的反应机理,使用“血型鉴定包”模拟医护人员进行血型鉴定的过程,试图将理论教学与模拟实验相融合,让学生在互相合作的过程中直观地学习并掌握血型及输血的相关知识。同时,这种理论与实践相结合的教学形式还有助于拓展学生的视野,使其理解生活中的医学常识,培养学生珍爱生命的正确观念。  相似文献   

8.
轮状病毒是引起婴幼儿腹泻的重要病原体,该病毒颗粒的VP4在病毒颗粒吸附和侵入宿主细胞过程中发挥着重要作用。最近研究发现VP4刺突蛋白远端的VP8*与人类组织血型抗原结合,是轮状病毒新的受体,并发表在Nature,Journal of Virology等杂志。本文对人类组织血型抗原与轮状病毒之间的研究进展进行简要概述,总结已有的研究结果,阐明组织血型抗原与轮状病毒研究的重要意义。  相似文献   

9.
衣原体具有广泛的致病谱,能够引起多种疾病,而分泌性蛋白在衣原体致病过程中发挥了重要的作用。Pgp3 (plasmid gene protein 3)是由衣原体质粒基因编码的一种主要定位于宿主细胞质的分泌性蛋白,具有调控炎症反应、细胞凋亡、自噬等多种生物学功能。Pgp3也是一种免疫优势抗原,可用于衣原体疾病的诊断和作为疫苗研制的靶点。全面、深入地研究该蛋白功能将有助于进一步了解衣原体的致病机制,为衣原体感染的诊断和防治提供新的思路。  相似文献   

10.
唾液酸(sialicacid)是一类酸性九碳单糖,是所有神经氨酸或酮基一脱氧壬酮糖酸(KDN)的N-或O-衍生物的总称。唾液酸作为复合糖的组成部分镶嵌于所有细胞表面以及人多数脊椎动物糖蛋白和糖脂分予的末端最外侧。唾液酸家族成员已经达到五十多个,其分子结构多样,在生物体内分布广泛。唾液酸介导或调制了发育、炎症、病原感染、肿瘤发生发展等诸多生理和病理过程,与人类健康和疾病密切关联。对唾液酸生物学的研究已成为糖生物学研究的热点之一。对唾液酸与人类健康与疾病研究的新进展做一综述。  相似文献   

11.
植物内生放线菌研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
内生放线菌指存在于健康植物体内,产生系列活性物质并能与宿主植物共同生活的放线菌菌落.就在实际生产中用于生物防治的主要内生放线菌种类,能够防治的主要病害,及其生物防治的机理和生产上已经应用的制剂等多方面进行综述.  相似文献   

12.
    
Biomarkers, also called biological markers, are indicators to identify a biological case or situation as well as detecting any presence of biological activities and processes. Proteins are considered as a type of biomarkers based on their characteristics. Therefore, proteomics approach is one of the most promising approaches in this field. The purpose of this review is to summarize the use of proteomics approach and techniques to identify proteins as biomarkers for different diseases. This review was obtained by searching in a computerized database. So, different researches and studies that used proteomics approach to identify different biomarkers for different diseases were reviewed. Also, techniques of proteomics that are used to identify proteins as biomarkers were collected. Techniques and methods of proteomics approach are used for the identification of proteins' activities and presence as biomarkers for different types of diseases from different types of samples. There are three essential steps of this approach including: extraction and separation of proteins, identification of proteins, and verification of proteins. Finally, clinical trials for new discovered biomarker or undefined biomarker would be on.  相似文献   

13.
Since the earliest periods of primatology study, researchers have been aware of animals’ consistent individual differences in behavior or personality. Many papers have been published on this subject, but they lacked a common theoretical and methodological background. The present work is an attempt to provide such theoretical and methodological foundations to this field of biological science. In the theoretical formulation section, “biological study of personality” is first derived as an extension of the ethology paradigm, and non-human primate personality research is subsequently characterized as its strategic component. In the methodology section, brief reviews and discussions are presented on subjective and objective personality assessment methods with non-human primates with a reference to the reliability and validity concepts in human psychometrics. The work provides a theoretical framework and methodological suggestions for non-human primate personality research.  相似文献   

14.
Fruit Crops Diseases Database (FCDD) requires a number of biotechnology and bioinformatics tools. The FCDD is a unique bioinformatics resource that compiles information about 162 details on fruit crops diseases, diseases type, its causal organism, images, symptoms and their control. The FCDD contains 171 phytochemicals from 25 fruits, their 2D images and their 20 possible sequences. This information has been manually extracted and manually verified from numerous sources, including other electronic databases, textbooks and scientific journals. FCDD is fully searchable and supports extensive text search. The main focus of the FCDD is on providing possible information of fruit crops diseases, which will help in discovery of potential drugs from one of the common bioresource-fruits. The database was developed using MySQL. The database interface is developed in PHP, HTML and JAVA. FCDD is freely available.

Availability

http://www.fruitcropsdd.com/  相似文献   

15.
自从阿基米德(Archimedes)第一部关于螺旋结构的著作问世以来,螺旋现象引起了人们的重视和研究。植物的叶、叶柄、茎等变态形成的藤、蔓或卷须往往是以螺旋形式攀缘缠绕;动物体表有毛的兽类,在头额顶上或背上都有1、2个毛螺,毛呈螺旋排列。本世纪30年代,阿基特伯利(Astbury)首次用x射线研究蛋白质结构,发现角蛋白类中多肽链有不同方式的盘旋或卷曲,第一次发现生物大分子的螺旋结构;  相似文献   

16.
天然抗菌肽的研究进展及应用前景   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
天然抗菌肽是生物体内经诱导产生的一种具有抗菌活性的小分子多肽,来源广泛。目前已从多种物种中分离纯化出千余种抗菌肽,其分子量大约在3~6kD之间,由20~60个氨基酸残基组成。天然抗菌肽具有多种生物活性,如抗细菌、抗真菌、抗病毒和抗癌细胞等作用。综述了天然抗菌肽的分类、生物活性及其作用机理和应用前景。  相似文献   

17.
Glasshouse and field trials were conducted to determine the efficacy of a talc-based powder formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf1 in controlling groundnut leaf spot ( Cercosporidium personatum ) and rust ( Puccinia arachidis ). Seed treatment with the talc-based powder formulation of the bacterium alone effectively reduced the severity of leaf spot and rust. When the treated seeds were sown in soil, the antagonist moved to the rhizosphere and multiplied well in it. Foliar application with the powder formulation effectively controlled the groundnut leaf spot and rust. P. fluorescens multiplied well in the phyllosphere after foliar application of powder formulation. Combined application of the P. fluorescens formulation to seed and foliage effectively controlled leaf spot and rust, and increased the pod yield in greenhouse and field tests.  相似文献   

18.
The evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis states that plants introduced into a new range experience reduced herbivory, which in turn results in a shift in resource allocation from herbivore defense to growth. If genotypes of an invasive plant species from its native and introduced ranges are grown under common conditions, introduced genotypes are expected to grow more vigorously than conspecific native genotypes. We tested predictions of the EICA hypothesis with the invasive species Lepidium draba by comparing the growth of genotypes from its native European and introduced western US ranges under common conditions. To test potential differences in competitive ability, we grew L. draba from both continents with either Festuca idahoensis, a weak competitor native to North America, or Festuca ovina, a strong competitor native to Europe. Contrary to EICA predictions, there were no differences in the performance of native and introduced L. draba, independent of whether plants were grown with F. idahoensis, F. ovina, or alone. The strong competitor, F. ovina impaired the growth of L. draba more than the weak competitor F. idahoensis and conversely, F. idahoensis was generally more impaired by L. draba than was F. ovina. While the native F. idahoensis was equally affected by L. draba regardless of range, F. ovina was not: US L. draba had a stronger negative effect on F. ovina growth than European L. draba. Our data suggest that the EICA hypothesis is not suitable to explain the invasion success of L. draba in the US. Instead, the greater competitive effect of L. draba on the North American F. idahoensis and the asymmetric competitive effect of L draba from different origins on F. ovina may indicate superior competitive ability for resources, or the presence of allelopathic traits in L. draba, to which plant species in non-native ranges are maladapted.  相似文献   

19.
植物耐干旱胁迫的生物学机理及其基因工程研究进展   总被引:99,自引:1,他引:99  
本文介绍了干旱胁迫对植物的伤害,植物耐旱性的生物学机理以及通过基因工程改良作物耐旱性的研究进展  相似文献   

20.
抗菌肽及抗菌肽转基因植物研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
抗菌肽是一类小分子多肽,在生物体内分布广泛,具有广谱的抗菌性,是生物体内天然防御系统的一部分。主要介绍了抗菌肽的性质,类型,作用机制及抗菌肽转基因植物的研究进展。  相似文献   

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