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1.
结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacteria tuberculosis,MTB)是结核病的致病菌,其感染机体后能在细胞内长期生存并在合适的条件下引发疾病.非氧依赖性杀伤是巨噬细胞清除MTB的重要途径,主要表现为细胞内吞体和溶酶体融合,利用细胞自噬作用清除内部细菌.相应的,MTB可利用多种方式顽强抵抗细胞自噬作用,与细胞共存从而逃避宿主免疫杀伤作用. MicroRNA(miRNA)是一种内源性非编码单链小RNA分子,其能在转录后水平沉默相关基因表达,是介导MTB与炎性细胞许多反应的重要分子.近期研究发现,MTB能够通过诱导巨噬细胞特异表达一些miRNA分子并靶向自噬相关基因,阻碍自噬发生、发展,从而实现MTB的抗细胞自噬作用.本文就miRNA在MTB抗细胞自噬中的作用及机制的研究进展作一综述. 相似文献
2.
为研究伤寒沙门菌质粒pRST98对人巨噬细胞THP-1自噬过程的影响,以携带伤寒沙门菌质粒pRST98的野生株ST6、消除pRST98的突变株ST6-ΔpRST98和将pRST98经接合转移的回补株ST6-c-pRST98为受试菌,与THP-1共培养建立感染模型,并加入自噬作用阻断剂氯喹(CQ)进行干预。首先测定CQ单独作用对细胞及细菌的影响,确定CQ最适浓度;在细菌和细胞共作用后的不同时间点收集细胞,通过蛋白免疫印迹法(WB)和mRFP-GFP-LC3 质粒转染法检测细胞LC3Ⅱ蛋白、p62蛋白、自噬体及自噬溶酶体的变化。结果显示,30 μmol/L CQ对细胞自噬的阻断效果明显,且细胞存活率超过50%,对细菌也无明显影响。WB结果显示,用该浓度CQ干预后,ST6-ΔpRST98感染组细胞的LC3Ⅱ及p62表达量上升程度显著高于野生株ST6及回补株ST6-c-pRST98;CQ干预组3株受试菌感染细胞LC3点状结构数量均高于未加CQ组,且ST6-ΔpRST98感染细胞的点状结构数量明显增加。以上结果提示,伤寒沙门菌质粒pRST98在自噬前期发挥作用,早于溶酶体降解的过程。 相似文献
3.
目的探讨结核分枝杆菌eis基因对巨噬细胞自噬的影响。方法将鼠巨噬细胞Raw264.7以自噬体荧光表达质粒GFP-LC3转染,将含eis基因的重组耻垢分枝杆菌MS—pmv261-eis与不含eis基因的耻垢分枝杆菌MS—pmv261分别感染宿主巨噬细胞,透射电镜下观察自噬小体形成情况,荧光显微镜下观察自噬荧光并计数,Westernblot检测如基因表达的蛋白及自噬蛋白LC3-Ⅱ的表达水平。结果结核分枝杆菌eis基因可抑制感染宿主细胞自噬小体的形成,并显著抑制自噬荧光小点形成(P〈0.05),显著降低了自噬蛋白LC3-Ⅱ表达水平。结论结核分枝杆菌e曲基因对Raw264.7细胞自噬有抑制作用。 相似文献
4.
为探讨鼠伤寒沙门菌与巨噬细胞共作用时细胞自噬对凋亡的影响,用加入自噬诱导剂雷帕霉素(Rapamycin,RAPA)和未加RAPA的RPMI1640过夜培养小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞J774A.1,以携带一分子量为100kb毒力质粒的鼠伤寒沙门菌标准毒株SR-11为受试菌。首先测定RAPA对菌量及细胞活性的影响,然后建立细胞感染模型,在细菌与细胞共作用后动态观察24h,不同时间点检测细胞超微结构变化、自噬泡的形成、Beclin-1和Bcl-2的表达、细胞存活率和胞内活菌计数以及细胞凋亡情况。结果显示,RAPA单独作用于细菌或细胞时菌量及细胞活性均无变化;而对细胞感染模型而言,RAPA作用与否细胞内的细菌数及细胞存活率均有显著改变,RAPA可明显降低细胞内活菌数及其所致的巨噬细胞凋亡率(P0.05);RAPA干预组在细菌与细胞共作用早期,部分细菌可被双层膜包裹形成自噬泡,细胞超微结构正常;Beclin-1的表达量增加,而Bcl-2的表达量降低;后期细胞破坏程度明显轻于未用RAPA组。以上结果提示,通过调控细胞自噬水平以减轻宿主细胞凋亡,可作为防治某些感染性疾病的新途径。 相似文献
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目的:构建Atg5.真核表达载体并瞬时转染肺上皮细胞细胞株,探讨自噬在结核分枝杆菌感染上皮细胞中保护作用的分子机制。方法:设计针对Atg5的RNAi序列,化学合成后经过变性,退火连接到pSilencerTM3.1-H1hygro真核表达载体,经测序验证其正确性。脂质体法瞬时转染真核细胞A549,免疫印迹法检测瞬时转染的效果。用结核分枝杆菌分别感染正常和自噬表达低下的A549细胞.通过检测LDH来观察细胞的坏死情况。结果:成功的构建了pSilencerTM3.1-H1hygro真核表达载体并建瞬时转染了A549细胞株,成功抑制了细胞的自噬功能。Atg5-细胞对结核杆菌的抵抗能力下降。结论:在自噬表达低下的细胞中,细胞对结核分枝杆菌的抵抗能力有明显下降。在结核分枝杆菌感染上皮细胞的过程中,自噬是一种保护机制。 相似文献
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目的:构建Atg5-真核表达载体并瞬时转染肺上皮细胞细胞株,探讨自噬在结核分枝杆菌感染上皮细胞中保护作用的分子机制。方法:设计针对Atg5的RNAi序列,化学合成后经过变性,退火连接到pSilencerTM3.1-H1hygro真核表达载体,经测序验证其正确性。脂质体法瞬时转染真核细胞A549,免疫印迹法检测瞬时转染的效果。用结核分枝杆菌分别感染正常和自噬表达低下的A549细胞,通过检测LDH来观察细胞的坏死情况。结果:成功的构建了pSilencerTM 3.1-H1 hygro真核表达载体并建瞬时转染了A549细胞株,成功抑制了细胞的自噬功能。Atg5-细胞对结核杆菌的抵抗能力下降。结论:在自噬表达低下的细胞中,细胞对结核分枝杆菌的抵抗能力有明显下降。在结核分枝杆菌感染上皮细胞的过程中,自噬是一种保护机制。 相似文献
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【背景】 自噬在胞内菌与巨噬细胞的互作中发挥着重要的作用,在病原体感染中的地位受到广泛关注。迟缓爱德华菌(Edwardsiella tarda)能够在巨噬细胞内寄生,但自噬在E. tarda感染中所发挥的功能及其作用特点目前尚不清楚。【目的】 明确E. tarda感染能否激活RAW264.7巨噬细胞发生自噬,建立自噬细胞模型,探究自噬对E. tarda感染巨噬细胞引发炎症反应的影响,旨在为E. tarda感染疾病的预防和治疗提供科学依据及新视角。【方法】 本研究采用免疫荧光法和免疫印迹法监测自噬关键标志性分子LC3来评估细胞自噬活性;GFP-LC3质粒转染的细胞观察自噬体的形成;以细胞活力影响和LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ比值的变化为评价指标,摸索优化3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-methyladenine, 3-MA)和雷帕霉素(rapamycin, Rapa)的最适工作浓度和作用时间;GFP-RFP-LC3融合蛋白示踪监测自噬流。以自噬模型为基础利用3-MA和Rapa分别干预细胞自噬,动态分析感染细胞分泌炎症因子水平的变化:ELISA法检测肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α);硝酸还原酶法检测NO;DCFH-DA荧光探针法检测活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS);RT-qPCR法检测其他炎性相关基因表达水平。【结果】 E. tarda感染的细胞LC3蛋白表达水平显著上调;显微观察可见自噬蛋白LC3呈点状聚集,荧光斑点明显增加,E. tarda募集大量LC3分子定位形成自噬小体。构建的自噬模型显示:细胞感染复数(multiplicity of infection, MOI)=100,3-MA (5 mmol/L)和Rapa (200 nmol/L)分别预处理细胞2 h和6 h能够获得较好的自噬干预效果;E. tarda感染RAW264.7细胞诱发的自噬呈剂量依赖性和时间依赖性,随感染时间延长LC3-Ⅱ相对表达水平逐渐升高,9 h达到峰值;自噬流监测显示,感染后12 h自噬溶酶体形成,24 h自噬流开始走向晚期阶段。动态比较自噬干预前后细胞炎症因子表达水平的变化,发现感染早期自噬对细胞各种炎症因子分泌的影响有所差异,但在感染后24 h自噬影响趋为一致,即3-MA能显著下调炎症因子的分泌,而Rapa则恰好相反。【结论】 首次明确E. tarda感染能够激活RAW264.7巨噬细胞发生自噬并诱导完整自噬流;初步证实自噬参与E. tarda激活的巨噬细胞炎症反应的调控。 相似文献
8.
目的研究结核分枝杆菌(MTB)ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白对小鼠巨噬细胞自噬功能的影响。方法H37Rv菌株感染小鼠巨噬细胞后加入纯化的重组ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白,通过透射电镜检测自噬体的形成。提取细胞总RNA和蛋白,以实时定量RT-PCR及Western blot方法检测自噬相关基因(atg)分子水平和蛋白表达水平。结果ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白可抑制小鼠巨噬细胞自噬体的形成,并导致atg分子表达水平下降,其中atg8表达量下降最为明显。结论MTB ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白通过调控atg分子表达水平影响小鼠巨噬细胞自噬功能。 相似文献
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<正>自噬是不同于凋亡的另一种程序性细胞死亡,是当今国际研究的热点,但有关病原菌感染与细胞自噬的研究还鲜见报道。自噬对胞内菌具有双重作用,一方面是天然免疫应答的重要组成部分,宿主细胞通过自 相似文献
10.
结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)是一种典型的胞内致病菌,巨噬细胞是MTB在体内的主要宿主细胞。巨噬细胞具有强大的吞噬功能,在机体固有免疫和适应性免疫中均发挥着重要作用,可有效保护宿主免受结核分枝杆菌的感染。MTB在与宿主巨噬细胞的长期相互作用过程中,逐渐形成多种逃避杀灭的有效策略,得以在宿主体内存活并增殖。该文从巨噬细胞抗MTB感染及MTB逃避巨噬细胞杀灭两个方面综述国内外的研究进展。 相似文献
11.
高传染性结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起的慢性消耗性疾病,病死率较高,备受全球关注。结核分枝杆菌是一种胞内寄生菌,通过呼吸道感染宿主,感染期间寄居肺部形成肉芽肿。肉芽肿或者免疫系统施加的环境压力,比如低pH、缺乏营养(缺铁)、缺氧等使结核分枝杆菌进入休眠状态,从而影响结核分枝杆菌的正常生长和抗生素的疗效。结核病治疗周期长,易产生耐药性,因此迫切需要研发新的药物以提升治疗效果。本文通过3个主要具有胁迫作用的生长环境因素综述了近年来发现的结核分枝杆菌相关调控因子和药物新靶点,为疫苗研究及新药物设计提供理论基础和研究依据。 相似文献
12.
Nathan J. Hare Brian Chan Edwina Chan Kimberley L. Kaufman Warwick J. Britton Bernadette M. Saunders 《Proteomics》2015,15(17):3020-3029
Microparticles (MPs) are small membranous particles (100–1000 nm) released under normal steady‐state conditions and are thought to provide a communication network between host cells. Previous studies demonstrated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection of macrophages increased the release of MPs, and these MPs induced a proinflammatory response from uninfected macrophages in vitro and in vivo following their transfer into uninfected mice. To determine how M. tb infection modulates the protein composition of the MPs, and if this contributes to their proinflammatory properties, we compared the proteomes of MPs derived from M. tb‐infected (TBinf‐MP) and uninfected human THP‐1 monocytic cells. MP proteins were analyzed by GeLC‐MS/MS with spectral counting revealing 68 proteins with statistically significant differential abundances. The 42 proteins increased in abundance in TBinf‐MPs included proteins associated with immune function (7), lysosomal/endosomal maturation (4), vesicular formation (12), nucleosome proteins (4), and antigen processing (9). Prominent among these were the type I interferon inducible proteins, ISG15, IFIT1, IFIT2, and IFIT3. Exposure of uninfected THP‐1 cells to TBinf‐MPs induced increased gene expression of isg15, ifit1, ifit2, and ifit3 and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. These proteins may regulate the proinflammatory potential of the MPs and provide candidate biomarkers for M. tb infection. 相似文献
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14.
《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2016,24(21):5556-5564
Thirty three derivatives of 2-substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine analogues were synthesized by molecular modification of a reported antimycobacterial molecule (GSK163574A). Compounds were evaluated in vitro against actively replicative and nutrient starved non-replicative Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), enzymatic screening and cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cell line. Among the compounds, 2-ethyl-N-phenethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine (5c) was found to be the most active compound against non-replicative MTB with 2.7 log reduction of bacteria at 10 μg/mL and was more potent than isoniazid (1.2 log reduction) and rifampicin (2.0 log reduction) at same dose level. Compound 5c also showed activity against MTB alanine dehydrogenase enzyme with IC50 of 1.82 ± 0.42 μM and showed 25% cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cell line at 50 μg/mL. 相似文献
15.
目的研究结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mtb)脂蛋白Rv1016c在Mtb感染和结核病发病中的作用和机制。方法将Mtb脂蛋白Rv1016c基因导入野生耻垢分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium smegmatis, MS)构建重组菌株MS-Rv1016c,比较脂蛋白Rv1016c对菌体生长、成膜能力、细菌聚集、毒力等方面的影响,评估重组菌株MS-Rv1016c对自噬的影响。结果 Rv1016c基因的导入,因过表达脂蛋白使得MS的菌落变大、褶皱增加,使菌体聚集度降低,使细菌成膜速度加快、生物被膜产量增加;Rv1016c显著抑制巨噬细胞自噬,促进细菌在细胞内持留。结论 Rv1016c能够促进MS生物被膜形成,抑制细胞自噬,增强细菌毒力。为研究脂蛋白在Mtb致病机理中的作用提供理论依据。 相似文献
16.
结核病是一种严重危害人类健康的慢性传染性疾病,主要由结核分枝杆菌感染导致,结核分枝杆菌进入人体后,与免疫防御的第一道屏障—巨噬细胞发生反应,部分菌株在细胞内长期生存、繁殖,是导致结核病转归的决定性因素。感染早期,结核分枝杆菌的繁殖受到巨噬细胞凋亡的抑制,随着高效价、高毒力菌株繁殖速度的增加,抗巨噬细胞凋亡作用不断增强,使自身繁殖得到有效保护,为菌株的生长提供了充足、适宜的胞内环境。因此,调控结核分枝杆菌对巨噬细胞凋亡进程的抑制作用,是预防和治疗结核病的关键。 相似文献
17.
Alfonsina D'Amato Gleb Zilberstein Svetlana Zilberstein Mikhail Ivanovich Golovan Anastasiya Anatolyevna Zhuravleva Pier Giorgio Righetti 《Proteomics》2018,18(9)
Five different letters and post cards as well as the shirt worn by Anton Chekhov on his death bed, stored in the State Literary‐Memorial Museum‐Reserve A. P. Chekhov Melikhovo (nearby Moscow), have been analyzed by applying EVA (an ethyl vinyl acetate foil studded with crushed strong anion and cation exchangers and with C8 resins) diskettes to these surfaces. Three different eluates (under acidic and basic conditions and with acetonitrile) were analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry. The environmental microbiota present on samples and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain were described by a meta‐proteomics approach. Eight identified M. tuberculosis proteins confirmed the presence of the bacterium and the cause of Chekhov's death, in addition to several sequenced peptides belonging to other bacterial species. The human plasma proteins and human keratins, detected on a tiny blood spot on the shirt, demonstrated the power of the combined approach. 相似文献
18.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most formidable pathogens causing tuberculosis (TB), a devastating infectious disease responsible for the highest human mortality and morbidity. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of the pathogen has increased the burden of TB tremendously and new therapeutics to overcome the problem of drug resistance are urgently needed. Metabolism of Mtb and its interactions with the host is important for its survival and virulence; this is an important topic of research where there is growing interest in developing new therapies and drugs that target these interactions and metabolism of the pathogen during infection. Mtb adapts its metabolism in its intracellular niche and acquires multiple nutrient sources from the host cell. Carbon metabolic pathways and fluxes of Mtb has been extensively researched for over a decade and is well-defined. Recently, there has been investigations and efforts to measure metabolism of nitrogen, which is another important nutrient for Mtb during infection. This review discusses our current understanding of the central carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and metabolic fluxes that are important for the survival of the TB pathogen. 相似文献
19.
Abstract Intracellular growth of Mycobacterium avium and M. tuberculosis H37Rv was compared both in human peripheral blood monocytes and in cultured macrophages. The cells were treated with 300 U of human recombinant interferon-gamma (IFNγ) either 48 h prior to phagocytosis or after infection. In some cases, indomethacin (IND, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin-E2 synthesis), was added immediately after infection of macrophages. IFNγ pretreatment of monocytes resulted in about 50% lesser uptake of both pathogens, but had no effect in macrophages. Macrophages, as compared to monocytes, were more permissive to M. avium growth suggesting that monocytes may be innately more efficient in controlling the intracellular growth of this pathogen. About ten-fold higher growth of M. avium as compared to M. tuberculosis was observed in both culture systems. IFNγ-treatment alone did not confer any anti- M. avium activity to monocytes and macrophages alike and addition of IND did not change this unresponsiveness. In the case of M. tuberculosis , the IFNγ treatment alone endowed both monocytes and macrophages with significant bacteriostatic activity which was further potentiated by the addition of IND. These observations show innate differences in the ability of human monocytes and macrophages to control the growth of two major mycobacterial pathogens and the immunoregulatory mechanisms involved. 相似文献

