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1.
Dagang Wang Ying Ma Yongqing Yang Ning Liu Chunyan Li Yingpei Song Haijian Zhi 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,122(3):555-565
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a destructive foliar disease in soybean-producing countries worldwide. In this study, F2, F2:3, and F7:11 recombinant inbred lines populations derived from Kefeng No.1 × Nannong 1138-2 were used to study inheritance and linkage
mapping of the SMV strain SC8 resistance gene in Kefeng No.1. Results indicated that a single dominant gene (designated R
SC8
) controls resistance, which is located on chromosome 2 (MLG D1b). A mixed segregating population was developed by selfing
two heterozygous plants (RHL153-1 and RHL153-2) at four markers adjacent to the locus and used in fine mapping R
SC8
. In addition, two genomic-simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers BARCSOYSSR_02_0610 and BARCSOYSSR_02_0616 were identified
that flank the two sides of R
SC8
. Sequence analysis of the soybean genome indicated that the interval between the two genomic-SSR markers is 200 kb. QRT-PCR
analysis of the candidate genes determined that five genes (Glyma02g13310, 13320, 13400, 13460, and 13470) are likely involved
in soybean SMV resistance. These results will have utility in cloning, transferring, and pyramiding of the R
SC8
through marker-assisted selection in soybean breeding programs. 相似文献
2.
L. Y. Solís-Ramos T. González-Estrada S. Nahuath-Dzib L. C. Zapata-Rodriguez E. Castaño 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,96(3):279-287
Capsicum chinense is a recalcitrant species for in vitro morphogenesis, and up to date there is no efficient system for genetic transformation
and regeneration of this species via somatic embryogenesis. Here, we carried out an in vitro transformation of C. chinense via Agrobacterium tumefaciens co-cultivation with a system that expresses the heterologous gene WUSCHEL from Arabidopsis thaliana. WUSCHEL has been shown to promote the transition from vegetative to embryogenic state when overexpressed. We tested if the expression
of WUSCHEL in C. chinense would promote an embryogenic response in this species. After 15 days of induction, the segments of transformed stems begun
to form globular structures, suggesting that heterologus WUSCHEL was active and involved in the process of morphogenesis. 相似文献
3.
Megan N. Hemming Sarah Fieg W. James Peacock Elizabeth S. Dennis Ben Trevaskis 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2009,282(2):107-117
Activity of the VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1) gene is required for flowering in temperate cereals such as wheat and barley. In varieties that require prolonged exposure
to cold to flower (vernalization), VRN1 is expressed at low levels and is induced by vernalization to trigger flowering. In other varieties, deletions or insertions
in the first intron of the VRN1 gene are associated with increased VRN1 expression in the absence of cold treatment, reducing or eliminating the requirement for vernalization. To characterize natural
variation in VRN1, the first intron of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) VRN1 gene (HvVRN1) was assayed for deletions or insertions in a collection of 1,000 barleys from diverse geographical regions. Ten alleles of
HvVRN1 containing deletions or insertions in the first intron were identified, including three alleles that have not been described
previously. Different HvVRN1 alleles were associated with differing levels of HvVRN1 expression in non-vernalized plants and with different flowering behaviour. Using overlapping deletions, we delineated regions
in the HvVRN1 first intron that are associated with low levels of HvVRN1 expression in non-vernalized plants. Deletion of these intronic regions does not prevent induction of HvVRN1 by cold or the maintenance of increased HvVRN1 expression following cold treatment. We suggest that regions within the first intron of HvVRN1 are required to maintain low levels of HvVRN1 expression prior to winter but act independently of the regulatory mechanisms that mediate induction of HvVRN1 by cold during winter.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers 1179825, 1179833,
1179836, 1179858. 相似文献
4.
Hsc/Hsp70-interacting protein (HIP) is a rapidly evolving Hsp70 cofactor. Analyses of multiple Drosophila species indicate that the HIP gene is duplicated only in D. melanogaster. The HIP region, in fact, contains seven distinctly evolving duplicated genes. The regional duplication occurred in two steps, fixed
rapidly, and illustrates multiple modes of duplicate gene evolution. HIP and its duplicate HIP-R are adaptively evolving in a manner unique to the region: they exhibit elevated divergence from other drosophilids and low
polymorphism within D. melanogaster. HIP and HIP-R are virtually identical, share polymorphisms, and are subject to gene conversion. In contrast, two other duplicate genes
in the region, CG33221 and GP-CG32779, are pseudogenes, and the chimeric gene Crg1 is subject to balancing selection. HIP and HIP-R are evolving rapidly and adaptively; however, positive selection is not sufficient to explain the molecular evolution of
the region as a whole.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
5.
Ryan D. Bickel Wendy S. Schackwitz Len A. Pennacchio Sergey V. Nuzhdin Artyom Kopp 《Journal of molecular evolution》2009,69(2):194-202
Genes with overlapping expression and function may gradually diverge despite retaining some common functions. To test whether
such genes show distinct patterns of molecular evolution within species, we examined sequence variation at the bric à brac (bab) locus of Drosophila melanogaster. This locus is composed of two anciently duplicated paralogs, bab1 and bab2, which are involved in patterning the adult abdomen, legs, and ovaries. We have sequenced the 148 kb genomic region spanning
the bab1 and bab2 genes from 94 inbred lines of D. melanogaster sampled from a single location. Two non-coding regions, one in each paralog, appear to be under selection. The strongest
evidence of directional selection is found in a region of bab2 that has no known functional role. The other region is located in the bab1 paralog and is known to contain a cis-regulatory element that controls sex-specific abdominal pigmentation. The coding region of bab1 appears to be under stronger functional constraint than the bab2 coding sequences. Thus, the two paralogs are evolving under different selective regimes in the same natural population, illuminating
the different evolutionary trajectories of partially redundant duplicate genes. 相似文献
6.
Rosanna Capparelli Giorgia Borriello Romano Marabelli Sante Roperto Franco Roperto Domenico Iannelli 《Mammalian genome》2007,18(2):137-143
The 3′ untranslated region of the water buffalo Nramp1 (natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1) gene contains two alleles (Nramp1A and Nramp1B), as detected by the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique. The Nramp1BB genotype is associated with resistance of water buffalo to the intracellular pathogen Brucella abortus. This article provides evidence that the Nramp1AA genotype is associated with susceptibility to the same pathogen. Susceptibility or resistance of water buffalo to B. abortus was established by agglutination, complement fixation, and skin tests. The Nramp1 genotype was established by DGGE analysis. The association between the Nramp1AA genotype and susceptibility to B. abortus was demonstrated in two independent population samples (152 cases and 281 controls; 87 cases and 124 controls, respectively).
Macrophages from Nramp1AA subjects displayed a lower Nramp1 mRNA level when compared with macrophages from Nramp1BB subjects. Also, monocytes and macrophages from Nramp1AA subjects displayed a higher number of viable intracellular bacteria in comparison with monocytes and macrophages from Nramp1BB animals, providing biological significance to the results from association studies. 相似文献
7.
Amina Potter Hilana Ceotto Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval Kátia Regina Netto dos Santos Ingolf F. Nes Maria do Carmo de Freire Bastos 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2009,47(3):319-326
This study analyzed ten strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) involved in nosocomial infections in three Brazilian
hospitals. Their antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that most strains exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance and possessed
the mecA gene. The ability of these strains to adhere to polystyrene microtiter plates was also tested and nine of them proved to
be biofilm producers at least in one of the three conditions tested: growth in TSB, in TSB supplemented with NaCl, or in TSB
supplemented with glucose. The presence of the bap gene, which codes for the biofilm-associated protein (Bap), was investigated in all ten strains by PCR. AU strains were bop-positive and DNA sequencing experiments confirmed that the fragments amplified were indeed part of a bap gene. The presence of the icaA gene, one of the genes involved in polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) formation, was also detected by PCR in eight
of the ten strains tested. The two icaA-negative strains were either weak biofilm producer or no biofilm producer, although they were bop-positive. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the presence of the bap gene in nosocomial isolates of CNS, being also the first report on the presence of this gene in Staphylococcus haemolyticus and S. cohnii.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
8.
Manuel Ruiz-García Catalina Vásquez Emily Camargo Norberto Leguizamón Hugo Gálvez Adriana Vallejo Myreya Pinedo Luisa Castellanos-Mora Joseph Shostell Diana Alvarez 《International journal of primatology》2011,32(5):1218-1241
The accurate identification of taxa of Aotus is essential for 1) the development of precise biomedical assays, 2) the determination of potential illegal traffic of this
genus, and 3) conservation. Although many studies have contributed to what we know about the phylogenetics of Aotus, none used a sufficiently large number of samples to clarify its complexity. To address this need, we sequenced 696 base
pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome-oxidase II gene (mtCOII) in 69 specimens of 7 taxa of Aotus. We also analyzed 8 microsatellite loci in 136 individuals of 6 taxa. In contrast to previous studies, we sampled only wild
individuals and have a precise geographical origin for each one. The mtDNA results showed that: 1) the northern gray-necked
group of Aotus is genetically more homogeneous than the polyphyletic red-necked group of Aotus; 2) the ancestors of Aotus vociferans seem to be the original species candidate for the current Aotus; 3) Aotus azarae azarae and A. a. boliviensis are the most differentiated taxa, likely a result of extreme genetic drift during stasipatric speciation; 4) the first genetic
splits found among taxa of Aotus occurred during the Pliocene (or even Miocene) while the most recent ones happened during the Pleistocene, when forest refugia
may have played an important role in speciation. The mean number of microsatellite alleles was 3–5.33 alleles per locus. We
found some private alleles that could be useful in helping to identify illegal trade, although a larger sample size is needed
to ensure that these alleles are really private to the relevant taxa. These new findings increase our understanding of the
phylogeny of Aotus and the level of genetic diversity within different taxa of Aotus. 相似文献
9.
Kamiel Spoelstra Serge Daan 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2008,194(3):235-242
Mutations in each of the genes mPer1, mPer2, mCry1 and mCry2 separately cause deviations from the wild type circadian system. Differences between these mutant strains have inspired the
hypothesis that the duality of circadian genes (two mPer and two mCry genes involved) is related to the existence of two components in the circadian oscillator (Daan et al., J Biol Rhythms 16:105–116,
2001). We tested the predictions from this theory that the circadian period (τ) lengthens under constant illumination (LL)
in mCry1 and mPer1 mutant mice, while it shortens in mCry2 and mPer2 mutants. mCry1
−/−
and mCry2
−/−
knockout mice both consistently increased τ with increasing light intensity, as did wild type mice. With increasing illumination,
rhythmicity is reduced in mCry1, mCry2 and mPer1, but not in mPer2 deficient mice. Results for mPer mutant mice are in agreement with data reported on these strains earlier by Steinlechner et al. (J Biol Rhythms 17:202–209,
2002), and also with the predictions from the model. The increase in cycle length of the circadian system by light in the
mCry2 deficient mice violates the predictions. The model is thereby rejected: the mCry genes do not play a differential role, although the opposite responses of mPer mutants to light remain consistent with a functional Evening–Morning differentiation. 相似文献
10.
D. V. Fedorov S. V. Kovaltzova V. T. Peshekhonov V. G. Korolev 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2010,46(6):659-665
The yeast genes IXR1 and HMO1 encode proteins belonging to the family of chromatin nonhistone proteins, which are able to recognize and bind to irregular
DNA structures. The full deletion of gene IXR1 leads to an increase in cell resistance to the lethal action of UV light, γ-rays, and MMS, increases spontaneous mutagenesis and significantlly decreases the level of UV-induced mutations. It was earlier
demonstrated in our works that the hmo1 mutation renders cells sensitive to the lethal action of cisplatin and virtually does not affect the sensitivity to UV light.
Characteristically, the rates of spontaneous and UV-induced mutagenesis in the mutant are increased. Epistatic analysis of
the double mutation hmo1 ixr1 demonstrated that the interaction of these genes in relation to the lethal effect of cisplatin and UV light, as well as UV-induced
mutagenesis, is additive. This suggests that the products of genes HMO1 and IXR1 participate in different repair pathways. The ixr1 mutation significantly increases the rate of spontaneous mutagenesis mediated by replication errors, whereas mutation hmo1 increases the rate of repair mutagenesis. In wild-type cells, the level of spontaneous mutagenesis was nearly one order of
magnitude lower than that obtained in cells of the double mutant. Consequently, the combined activity of the Hmo1 and the
Ixr1 proteins provides efficient correction of both repair and replication errors. 相似文献
11.
12.
Self-incompatibility has been studied extensively at the molecular level in Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Scrophulariaceae, all
of which exhibit gametophytic self-incompatibility controlled by a single polymorphic locus containing at least two linked
genes, i.e., the S-RNase gene and the pollen-expressed SFB/SLF (S-haplotype-specific F-box/S-locus F-box) gene. However, the SFB gene in Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) has not yet been identified. We determined eight novel sequences homologous to the SFB genes of other Prunus species and named these sequences PsSFB. The gene structure of the SFB genes and the characteristic domains in deduced amino acid sequences were conserved. Three sequences from 410 to 2,800 bp
of the intergenic region between the PsSFB sequences and the S-RNase alleles were obtained. The eight identified PsSFB sequences showed S-haplotype-specific polymorphism, with 74–83% amino acid identity. These alleles were exclusively expressed in the pollen.
These results suggest that the PsSFB alleles are the pollen S-determinants of GSI in Japanese plum.
Nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the NCBI database under the accession numbers DQ849084–DQ849090 and DQ849118. 相似文献
13.
14.
Hanan Sela Caroline Loutre Beat Keller Alan Schulman Eviatar Nevo Abraham Korol Tzion Fahima 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,122(1):175-187
Introduction
Recombination is a key evolutionary factor enhancing diversity. However, the effect of recombination on diversity in inbreeding species is expected to be low. To estimate this effect, recombination and diversity patterns of Lr10 gene were studied in natural populations of the inbreeder species, wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides). Wild emmer wheat is the progenitor of most cultivated wheats and it harbors rich genetic resources for disease resistance. Lr10 is a leaf rust resistance gene encoding three domains: a coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding site, and leucine-rich repeat (CC-NBS-LRR). 相似文献15.
Dae-Sung Lee Min-Seung Kang Hye-Jin Hwang Sung-Hwan Eom Ji-Young Yang Myung-Suk Lee Won-Jae Lee You-Jin Jeon Jae-Sue Choi Young-Mog Kim 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2008,13(6):758-764
We have been attempting for some time to discover a compound evidencing antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The dieckol isolated from Ecklonia stolonifera has been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of dieckol were determined in a range of 32 to 64 μg/mL against
standard MSSA and MRSA strains. Furthermore, dieckol clearly reversed the high-level ampicillin and penicillin resistance
of MRSA. The MICs of ampicillin against two standard strains of MRSA were dramatically reduced from 512 to 0.5 μg/mL in combination
with 1/4 MIC of dieckol (16 μg/mL). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices of ampicillin and penicillin were
measured from 0.066 to 0.266 in combination with 8 or 16 μg/mL of dieckol against all tested MRSA strains, thereby suggesting
that dieckol-ampicillin or dieckol-penicillin combinations exert a synergistic effect against MRSA. The results of this study
indicate that dieckol, administered in combination with β-lactams, may prove effective in the treatment of MRSA infections.
Our finding may also contribute to the development of an alternative phytotherapeutic anti-MRSA agent. 相似文献
16.
S. V. Malyshev T. V. Dolmatovich A. V. Voylokov S. P. Sosnikhina N. V. Tsvetkova A. V. Lovtsus N. A. Kartel’ 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2009,45(12):1444-1449
Studies of phenotypical expression of synaptic mutations in combination with the localization of corresponding genes on a
genetic map permit individual stages of the meiotic process to be differentiated. Two rye asynaptic genes, sy1 and sy9, were mapped with the use of microsatellite markers (SSR) in the pericentromeric regions of the long chromosome arms 7R and
2R, respectively. The sy9 gene cosegregated with two SSR markers Xscm43 and Xgwm132. The asynaptic gene sy1 was mapped within the interval between the isozyme locus Aat2 and two cosegregating loci Xrems1188 and Xrems1135 that are located at a distance of 0.4 cM proximally and 0.1 cM distally with respect to the gene lous. Possible evolutionary
relationships of the mapped genes with homeological loci of the Triticeae species and more distant cereal species, such as maize and rice, are discussed. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
Shigeki Moriya Hiroshi Iwanami Sae Takahashi Nobuhiro Kotoda Kouichi Suzaki Toshiya Yamamoto Kazuyuki Abe 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2010,6(2):195-203
Crown gall, caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, causes severe damage to apple saplings resulting in weak growth and loss of commercial value. Developing molecular markers
linked to crown gall resistance genes, and establishing a marker-assisted selection (MAS) for such a trait would be an effective
way to improve rootstock breeding for crown gall resistance. The wild apple Malus sieboldii Sanashi 63 carries the crown gall resistance gene Cg effective against the A. tumefaciens strain Peach CG8331 (biovar 2). Applying the genome scanning approach on the mapping population JM7 (cgcg) × Malus sieboldii Sanashi 63 (Cgcg), Cg was mapped on the linkage group (LG) 2. The constructed linkage map of LG 2 of Sanashi 63 spans 59.8 cM and has an average
marker density of 3.5 cM per marker. The 191 bp allele of the simple sequence repeat (SSR) NZmsEB119405 co-segregated perfectly
with Cg in a segregating population of 119 individuals. Quantitative trait loci, accounting for 75.3% to 84.3% of phenotypic variation
were detected in the same position. Testing eight additional rootstocks with the NZmsEB119405 SSR marker revealed that the
191 bp allele is also present in crown gall-susceptible rootstock accessions. Only the markers CH03b01 and NZmsPal92 mapping
at 0.9 and 4.3 cM from Cg, respectively, showed “private” alleles associated to Cg. 相似文献
20.
We performed comparative analyses of four cross-sections of the distal radius and tibia in two species of macaque to clarify
the relationships between bone morphology and locomotor type. The lengths of bones and five bone geometric properties in each
section were examined and compared separately in both female and male Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis. In M. mulatta, there were no significant gender-specific differences in either the radius or the tibia. In contrast, the radius and tibia
of male M. fascicularis had greater geometric parameters in the 20% and 40% positions relative to the 5% and 10% positions from the distal end than
those of their female counterparts. The radius and tibia of M. mulatta were relatively longer than those of M. fascicularis, and the sectional parameters of the tibia of M. mulatta were relatively larger than those of M. fascicularis. Standardization of the log-transformed bone length between the species revealed larger radial cortical bone areas in M. fascicularis. In contrast, there were minimal differences in the tibial cortical bone areas between the two species. This study suggests
that the observed distinctions in bone geometry in female and male M. fascicularis may be due to gender-specific differences in the muscle weights of the forearm and calf, which may underlie the divergence
in the leaping abilities of females and males of this species. Taken together, these results of interspecies comparisons may
be related to the fact that arboreal primates such as M. fascicularis undergo compressive mechanical stress due to the forelimb lead that occurs as the animal descends a sloping trunk or bridges
a tree gap downward, while terrestrial primates such as M. mulatta move on nearly flat substrates. Differences in fore- and hind-limb bone properties between the two species are discussed
with regard to functional morphology and locomotor type. 相似文献