黄土区土壤放射性的生物循环

研究了不同类型土壤中放射性物质的生物学循环和平衡问题。结果表明,土壤中放射性核素剖面分布的总趋势是沿发生层往下逐步减少。其生物积聚系数因不同核素而变动在1.06—1.44间。放射性物质在各类植物体内的含量顺序是:牧草>农业作物≥灌木≥果树>乔木。植物对α放射性的富集系数一般均小于0.10,而β放射性的富集系数大都处于0.5—1.0间.不同土地利用情况下土壤放射性可分为积累、消耗和中间3种平衡类型。     

Body surface area in the infant rat.

Body surface area (SA), one index used to minimize size differences in metabolic studies, was estimated by a coating method in rats aged 1, 7, 14, and 21 days (d) (n = 100-107). Body weights (BW) at each age varied about twofold. Regression equations were calculated for SA (cm2) vs. BW (g) (SA = 8.73 + 2.29 BW, 17.79 + 1.71 BW, -4.92 + 2.16 BW, and 53.68 + .82 BW at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively) and log SA vs. log BW (SA = 6.71 BW0-667, 9.12 BW0-577, 1.73 BW1-042, and 18.97 BW0-412). All the latter differed significantly from SA = 10 BE2/3, frequently used with adult mammals. Correlation coefficients were approximately 0.6-0.9 and did not differ with mode of expressing results. Regressions, whether linear or logarithmic, differed significantly among ages, apparently reflecting appreciable conformational changes in the rapidly growing and maturing preweanling rat.     

Capillary area in early low-dose streptozocin-treated mice.

It has been reported that vasoconstriction of intra-islet capillaries plays an important role in the initiation of the insulitis seen in the islets of Langerhans of diabetic animals. Nevertheless, only a few studies have concentrated on islet vessels. This led us to perform an experiment with the aim to compare the islet capillary area of normal untreated and multiple low-dose streptozocin (LDS) (40 mg/kg b.wt. i.p./5 days)-treated mice. In order to identify endothelial cells a method devised by Gomori, based on the fact that these cells present alkaline phosphatases on their surface, was used. Results revealed that in LDS-treated animals the capillary area per islet is significantly reduced when compared to the vascular area of controls (p less than 0.05). This could be due to a vasoconstriction phenomenon that occurs in the islet capillaries after the streptozocin administration and before the appearance of any inflammation. Our findings could demonstrate that vasoconstriction events are involved in initiation of the diabetic disease.     

Meningococcal infections in the Hamilton area during 1978.

During 1978 there was a marked increase in the number of patients with meningococcal infection in the Hamilton area. Of 21 patients admitted to St. Joseph''s Hospital, Hamilton, two thirds were under 5 years of age. Four patients died. All the isolates were sulfonamide-sensitive strains of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis. Although no infections developed in contacts, several errors were made in the management of the hospital and household contacts of the infected patients: chemoprophylaxis was given to many contacts not considered to be at risk; ineffective antibiotics, particularly penicillin, were given for chemoprophylaxis; and chemoprophylaxis was often delayed while the results of cultures of nasopharyngeal and throat secretions were awaited. Circulation to local physicians of guidelines on proven prophylactic regimens was followed by a reduction in the frequency of these errors.     

Determination of body surface area in neonatal swine.

The body surface area of 30 neonatal pigs of both sexes, weighing 445--1,976 g, were determined by the direct skinning technique. The range of measured body surface area values was 635--1,400 cm2 (mean = 895.1 cm2). The regression line, fitted to a scatter diagram and calculated by the least square method, was found to be Y = 337.2 + 0.553X; where X was body weight expressed in grams and Y was body surface area expressed in square centimeters.     

Variation in Galium palustre s. lat. in the Baltic land-uplift area

Morphological variation, chromosome numbers, reproductive system and ecology were studied in Galium palustre s. lat. in some areas in the Baltic land-uplift area. Two cytotypes were found; diploids with 2n = 24 and octoploids with 2n = 96. Each cytotype comprises a large amount of habitat-correlated variation. Despite this, it is fairly easy to destinguish morphologically between the two cytotypes. It is therefore suitable to treat the diploid cytotype as one species, Galium palustre s. str., and the octoploid cytotype as another species, Galium elongatum . Both species grow in wet places, such as ditches, lake-shores and wet woodland. There are practically no differences in habitat ecology between them, but a slight tendency can be discerned for octoploids to grow in localities which never dry out, while diploids can grow in drier localities. Only G. palustre s. str. grows on fairly exposed sea-shores. A morphologically distinct from can also be distinguished, including diploids from sea-shores and coastal areas below 5 m. a. s. 1. This ecotype is described as Galium palustre var. balticum var. nov. It is characterised by smooth or nearly smooth stems and short, narrow leaves. It has always a very rich flowering and fruit set, which may be regarded as an adaptation to coastal conditions.     

Natural atmospheric microbial conditions in a typical suburban area.

Ambient outdoor concentrations and size distributions of airborne microbial particles were measured approximately weekly for 2 years in a Washington, D.C., suburban area. The study objective was to characterize microbial air quality in the vicinity of a proposed sewage sludge composting facility. During the study, 379 samples were taken at 17 stations, using Andersen microbial samplers. Concentration ranges (in viable particles per cubic meter) were as follows: airborne mesophilic fungi, 0 to 7,220 with a geometric mean of 273; thermophilic fungi, 0 to 193 with a median of 2.1; Aspergillus fumigatus, 0 to 71 with a median of 1.0; aerobic bacteria, 4.2 to 1,640 with a geometric mean of 79; and fecal streptococci, 0 to 5.7 with a median of 0. No fecal coliforms were recovered. The potentially respirable fraction (less than 8 microns) averaged 34% for total bacteria, 56% for mesophilic fungi, 91% for thermophilic fungi, and 95% for A. fumigatus. The specific sampling location was not a major factor affecting microbial particle concentrations or size distributions. Conversely, the time of year was an important determinant of viable particle concentrations for all groups of microorganisms studied. The highest concentrations were observed in summer and fall, with significantly lower levels detected in winter. In general, the microbial data did not correlate with other variables, including weather conditions, measured in this study.     

Community care service for diabetics in the Poole area.

Because of an increasing work load at the hospital diabetic clinic in Poole general practitioners were asked to help in a community care service for diabetics. In this, general practitioners typically care for non-ketotic patients with maturity onset diabetes who are well controlled on diet or diet and oral hypoglycaemic agents, while the clinic concentrates on more difficult cases and screens patients for long-term complications. The hospital laboratory''s work load has been eased because patients may attend for two-hour interval blood sugar estimations when they like; most patients appreciate this flexibility and prefer being looked after by their own doctor. The service has not increased the general practitioners'' work load unduly, but it has heightened their awareness of diabetes in the community, thus allowing the diabetic consultant to deal with the problems for which he has been trained. The service has thus provided improved care for all diabetics in the Poole area.     

Fungi isolated from asthmatic homes in the Taipei area.

Indoor fungi in Taipei were surveyed during 1969-1974 using Sabouraud's agar plates. No remarkable yearly variation of fungal incidence was observed. The fungal population was found to be different from home to home. The dominant members were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mycelia sterila, Oospora, Rhodotorula, Hormodendrum and yeasts. The order of frequency of fungi found indoors was quite different from that of outdoor fungi. The fungal spores were more numerous during summer months, and this trend was more apparent for Aspergillus, Oospora, Rhodotorula, and Hormodendrum. The kind and the incidence of fungi found in asthmatic homes were not different from those detected in non-asthmatic homes, except that in asthmatic homes there were greater numbers of fungi.     

Data analysis problems in the area of pharmacokinetics research.

Of interest in compartment analysis is the estimation of kinetic first order rate constants and quantification of the amount of drug present in each compartment at every point in time. From the data pertaining to only one compartment, it is not always possible to estimate all the first order rate parameters of linear and non-linear compartment systems. When multiple varying doses are administered at different intervals of time, the equations quantifying the maximum and minimum amount of drug accumulated in each interval may be used. To obtain estimates of kinetic parameters, statistical adjustments may be used in the kinetic equations.     

Notes on Corydalis sect. Corydalis in the Baltic area

The Nordic species of Corydalis sect. Corydalis are discussed. The name C. laxa has been applied to largeflowered forms of C. pumila , but also to C. solida and various hybrid derivates between them, and is superfluous as well as confusing. A lectotype for C. laxa is selected. The Baltic endemic Corydalis gotlandica is described. It is an allotetraploid derivative of C. solida and intermedia. Flora nordica notes no. 2.