DNA条形码在中国金合欢属中的应用

根据形态特征难以准确地辨别金合欢属植物,DNA条形码技术提供了一种准确地鉴定物种的方法。本文利用条形码技术对中国金合欢属物种的序列(psbA trnH、matK、rbcL和ITS)及其不同组合进行比较,通过计算种内和种间变异进行barcoding gap分析,运用Wilcoxon秩和检验比较不同序列的变异性,构建系统树。结果表明：4个片段均存在barcoding gap,ITS序列种间变异率较psbA trnH、rbcL和matK序列有明显优势,单片段ITS正确鉴定率最高,ITS+rbcL片段联合条码的正确鉴定率最高,因此我们认为ITS片段或条形码组合ITS+rbcL是金合欢属的快速鉴别最理想的条码。     

蒟蒻薯属 (薯蓣科) 植物DNA条形码研究

蒟蒻薯属（Tacca）植物种间在形态上差别不大,导致分类上存在一定的困难。DNA条形码是一种利用短的DNA标准片段来鉴别和发现物种的方法。本研究利用核基因ITS片段和叶绿体基因trnH psbA, rbcL, matK片段对蒟蒻薯属6个种的DNA条形码进行研究,对4个DNA片段可用性,种内种间变异,barcode gap进行了分析,采用Tree based和BBA两种方法比较不同序列的鉴定能力。结果显示：单片段ITS正确鉴定率最高,片段组合rbcL+matK正确鉴定率最高。支持CBOL植物工作组推荐的条码组合rbcL+matK可作为蒟蒻薯属物种鉴定的标准条码,建议ITS片段作为候选条码。丝须蒟蒻薯Tacca integrifolia采自西藏的居群与马来西亚居群形成了2个不同的遗传分支,且两者在形态上也存在一定的差异,很可能是一个新种。     

蒟蒻薯属(薯蓣科)植物DNA条形码研究

蒟蒻薯属(Tacca)植物种间在形态上差别不大,导致分类上存在一定的困难.DNA条形码是一种利用短的DNA标准片段来鉴别和发现物种的方法.本研究利用核基因ITS片段和叶绿体基因trn H-psbA,rbcL,matK片段对蒟蒻薯属6个种的DNA条形码进行研究,对4个DNA片段可用性,种内种间变异,barcode gap进行了分析,采用Tree-based和BBA两种方法比较不同序列的鉴定能力.结果显示:单片段ITS正确鉴定率最高,片段组合rbcL+matK正确鉴定率最高.支持CBOL植物工作组推荐的条码组合rbcL+matK可作为蒟蒻薯属物种鉴定的标准条码,建议ITS片段作为候选条码.丝须蒟蒻薯Tacca integrifolia采自西藏的居群与马来西亚居群形成了2个不同的遗传分支,且两者在形态上也存在一定的差异,很可能是一个新种.     

中国秋海棠属（秋海棠科）植物的DNA条形码评价

秋海棠属植物种类繁多,形态变异多样,导致种类的系统放置混乱,近缘种类鉴定困难。利用DNA条形码实现物种快速准确的鉴定技术具有不受形态特征约束的优势,为秋海棠属植物的分类鉴定提供了新的方法。本研究选择4个DNA条形码候选片段（rbcL,matK,trnH-psbA,ITS）对中国秋海棠属26种136个个体进行了分析。结果显示：叶绿体基因rbcL,matK和trnH-psbA种内和种间变异小,对秋海棠属植物的鉴别能力有限：ITS／ITS2种内和种间变异大,在本研究中物种正确鉴定率达到100％／96％,可考虑作为秋海棠属DNA条形码鉴定的候选片段。研究结果支持中国植物条形码研究组建议将核基因ITS／ITS2纳人种子植物DNA条形码核心片段中的观点。     

悬钩子属DNA条形码通用序列的初步筛选

为了建立悬钩子属（Rubus）植物的DNA条形码分子鉴定技术,筛选获得适用于悬钩子属植物的通用条形码序列。该研究基于GenBank数据对ITS、ITS2、matK、rbcL、trnH-psbA、trnL-trnF 6个DNA条形码序列进行了遗传变异、barcoding gap、建树等评估分析。结果显示,trnH-psbA、matK、rbcL、rtnL-trnF的种内变异与种间变异差异较大,变异分辨率分别为97.32%、83.33%、79.07%、64.95%,存在较大的barcoding gap;NJ一致树分析显示,matK的单系性比例最高（67%）,其次为trnH-psbA（64%）,rtnL-trnF（43%）,rbcL（30%）。结果表明,悬钩子属植物的matK与trnH-psbA序列种内变异与种间变异差异较大,能较好地区分不同物种,具有较大的鉴定潜力。建议将matK和trnH-psbA作为悬钩子属植物鉴定的核心条形码序列,rtnL-trnF、rbcL作为辅助条形码序列。     

中国秋海棠属 (秋海棠科) 植物的DNA条形码评价

秋海棠属植物种类繁多,形态变异多样,导致种类的系统放置混乱,近缘种类鉴定困难。利用DNA条形码实现物种快速准确的鉴定技术具有不受形态特征约束的优势,为秋海棠属植物的分类鉴定提供了新的方法。本研究选择4个DNA条形码候选片段（rbcL,matK,trnH psbA,ITS）对中国秋海棠属26种136个个体进行了分析。结果显示：叶绿体基因rbcL,matK和trnH psbA种内和种间变异小,对秋海棠属植物的鉴别能力有限;ITS/ITS2种内和种间变异大,在本研究中物种正确鉴定率达到100%/96%,可考虑作为秋海棠属DNA条形码鉴定的候选片段。研究结果支持中国植物条形码研究组建议将核基因ITS/ITS2纳入种子植物DNA条形码核心片段中的观点。     

藓类植物DNA条码的初步研究——以蔓藓科部分属为例

选取7个叶绿体基因片段,其中3个编码区基因片段（matK,rps4 and rbcL-a）和4个非编码区基因片段（atpB-rbcL,atpF-H,psbK-Iandtrn H-psbA）,一个线粒体基因片段（nad5）和一个核基因片段（ITS2）,材料包括5个属14个种的74份样品。分析比较了6个基因片段的多样性、种内和种间的遗传距离、鉴别率等。结果显示,在使用单个片段时ITS2的鉴定效果最好,而atpB-rbcL则是叶绿体基因片段中鉴别能力最高的。使用组合片段的结果发现,两个基因片段组合的鉴别效果最好。通过NJ树的方法检验,atpB-rbcL＋trn H-psbA和rbcL-a＋＋trn H-psbA的鉴定成功率是64%,当再增加一个或两个基因片段时其鉴定效果并没有提高。本研究表明在植物中应用DNA条码需要用质体基因和核基因联合。     

亚热带森林乔木树种DNA条形码研究——以哀牢山自然保护区为例

作为新一代植物志iFlora的重要组成部分,DNA条形码已经成为物种鉴定中重要且有效的方法。本研究以亚热带森林的乔木树种为研究对象,开展了DNA条形码的尝试性工作。为评估DNA条形码对鉴定亚热带森林树种的有效性,收集并研究了来自哀牢山自然保护区内5l科111属中204个树种的525个乔木个体。结果显示,所选4个DNA片段（rbcL,matK,trnH-psbA和ITS）的PCR扩增成功率都超过90％;测序成功率rbcL和matK最高,分别为90．7％和90．5％,trnH-psbA次之（83．6％）,ITS最低（73．5％）,表明4个片段在亚热带森林乔木中都具有较好的通用性。应用BLAST与NJ Tree两种方法,对物种和属水平的鉴别成功率进行统计,发现单片段中ITS最高,分别为68．4％-81．3％和99．0％～100％,核心条码rkL和matK组合的成功率是52．8％～60．2％和86．7％～90．5％,再与补充条码trnH-psbA和ITS联合,可以成功鉴别74．7％～79．6％哀牢山自然保护区亚热带森林中的乔木物种。由于ITS片段在亚热带森林部分重要树种类群（樟科和壳斗科等）中的测序成功率较差,所以对这些植物类群采用trnH-psbA作为DNA条形码是一个更好的选择。     

菊科橐吾属植物的DNA条形码研究（英文）

DNA条形码是一项利用短的、标准的DNA片段对物种进行快速、有效识别和鉴定的新技术。菊科橐吾属约140种,是典型的高山植物,种间杂交频繁,形态变异复杂,从形态学方面鉴定近缘种较为困难。本研究选取4个DNA核心条形码片段(ITS,matK,psb A-trnH和rbcL),对橐吾属35种144个个体进行条形码研究。研究结果显示叶绿体基因matK,psbA-trnH和rbcL在种内和种间变异都很小,对橐吾属的物种鉴定率极低;ITS在种间变异率相对较大,物种鉴定率为60%。而各片段联合后的物种鉴定率并未提高。     

结合叶绿体和核DNA序列变异可提高云杉属物种的分子鉴别率

松科(Pinaceae)云杉属(Picea)植物是北半球广泛分布的重要森林树种,由于频繁的种间杂交渐渗及近期的辐射分化导致种间形态趋同,传统的形态学方法很难准确鉴定该属物种.近期兴起和发展的DNA条形码技术为云杉属物种的划分和鉴定提供了可参考的方法.在云杉属青藏高原种质资源收集过程完成后,选取5个叶绿体DNA片段(matK,rbcL,trnH-psbA,trnL-trnF和trnS-trnG)以及3个核DNA片段(4CL,Sb29和GI),利用PWG-distance和Tree-Building两种方法对青藏高原以及中国其他地区分布的19个云杉属物种83个个体进行了物种鉴别分辨率的评价.研究结果显示单个的叶绿体DNA片段(10.5％ ～26.3％)和核DNA片段(15.8％ ～26.3％)对云杉属物种鉴别的分辨率较低,组合的叶绿体DNA片段的分辨能力(15.8％ ～42.1％)虽然高于单个DNA片段,但分辨率最高的trnH-psbA+trnS-trnG和trnS-trnG+trn L-trnF两个组合也只能达到42.1％;组合的核DNA片段(26.3％ ～36.8％)一样对云杉属物种鉴别存在困难.但是叶绿体DNA片段和核DNA片段的组合可以明显提高对云杉属物种鉴定的分辨率,尤其是trnS-trnG+trn L-trnF+4Cl的组合片段,其分辨率可达到57.9％.因此在将来利用DNA条形码鉴别物种时,在常规DNA条形码片段不起作用的情况下,可采用这种叶绿体DNA片段和核DNA片段组合的方法来鉴定和区分植物物种.     

Testing four proposed barcoding markers for the identification of species within Ligustrum L.(Oleaceae)

DNA barcoding is a biological technique that uses short and standardized genes or DNA regions to facilitate species identification. DNA barcoding has been used successfully in several animal and plant groups. Ligustrum (Oleaceae) species occur widely throughout the world and are used as medicinal plants in China. Therefore, the accurate identification of species in this genus is necessary. Four potential DNA barcodes, namely the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and three chloroplast (cp) DNA regions (rbcL, marK, and trnH-psbA),were used to differentiate species within Ligustrum. BLAST, character-based method, tree-based methods and TAXONDNA analysis were used to investigate the molecular identification capabilities of the chosen markers for discriminating 92 samples representing 20 species of this genus. The results showed that the ITS sequences have the most variable information, followed by trnH-psbA, matK, and rbcL. All sequences of the four regions correctly identified the species at the genus level using BLAST alignment. At the species level, the discriminating power of rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA and ITS based on neighbor-joining (NJ) trees was 36.8%, 38.9%, 77.8%, and 80%,respectively. Using character-based and maximum parsimony (MP) tree methods together, the discriminating ability of trnH-psbA increased to 88.9%. All species could be differentiated using ITS when combining the NJ tree method with character-based or MP tree methods. Overall, the results indicate that DNA barcoding is an effective molecular identification method for Ligustrum species. We propose the nuclear ribosomal ITS as a plant barcode for plant identification and trnH-psbA as a candidate barcode sequence.     

Testing four barcoding markers for species identification of Potamogetonaceae

The pondweeds (Potamogetonaceae) are among the most important plant groups in the aquatic environment. Owing to their high morphological and ecological diversity, species identification of this aquatic family remains problematic. DNA barcoding involves sequencing a standard DNA region and has been shown to be a powerful tool for species identification. In the present study, we tested four barcoding markers (rbcL, matK, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and trnH-psbA) in 15 Potamogeton species and two Stuckenia species, representing most species of the Potamogetonaceae in China. The results show that all four regions can distinguish and support the newly proposed genera of Stuckenia from Potamogeton. Using ITS and trnH-psbA, significant interspecific genetic variability was shown. However, intraspecific genetic variability of trnH-psbA is high and so it is not suitable for barcoding in Potamogetonaceae. The ITS and matK regions showed good discrimination. However, matK was not easy to sequence using universal primers. The best performing single locus was ITS, making it a potentially useful DNA barcode in Potamogetonaceae.     

Molecular identification of species in Juglandaceae:A tiered method

DNA barcoding is a method of species identification and recognition using DNA sequence data. A tiered or multilocus method has been recommended for barcoding plant species. In this study, we sampled 196 individuals representing 9 genera and 54 species of Juglandaceae to investigate the utility of the four potential barcoding loci (rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)). Our results show that all four DNA regions are easy to amplify and sequence. In the four tested DNA regions, ITS has the most variable information, and rbcL has the least. At generic level, seven of nine genera can be efficiently identified by matK. At species level, ITS has higher interspecific p-distance than the trnH-psbA region. Difficult to align in the whole family, ITS showed heterogeneous variability among different genera. Except for the monotypic genera (Cyclocarya, Annamocarya, Platycarya), ITS appeared to have limited power for species identification within the Carya and Engelhardia complex, and have no power for Juglans or Pterocarya. Overall, our results confirmed that a multilocus tiered method for plant barcoding was applicable and practicable. With higher priority, matK is proposed as the first-tier DNA region for genus discrimination, and the second locus at species level should have enough stable variable characters.     

Molecular identification of species in Juglandaceae: A tiered method

DNA barcoding is a method of species identification and recognition using DNA sequence data. A tiered or multilocus method has been recommended for barcoding plant species. In this study, we sampled 196 individuals representing 9 genera and 54 species of Juglandaceae to investigate the utility of the four potential barcoding loci (rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)). Our results show that all four DNA regions are easy to amplify and sequence. In the four tested DNA regions, ITS has the most variable information, and rbcL has the least. At generic level, seven of nine genera can be efficiently identified by matK. At species level, ITS has higher interspecific p-distance than the trnH-psbA region. Difficult to align in the whole family, ITS showed heterogeneous variability among different genera. Except for the monotypic genera (Cyclocarya, Annamocarya, Platycarya), ITS appeared to have limited power for species identification within the Carya and Engelhardia complex, and have no power for Juglans or Pterocarya. Overall, our results confirmed that a multilocus tiered method for plant barcoding was applicable and practicable. With higher priority, matK is proposed as the first-tier DNA region for genus discrimination, and the second locus at species level should have enough stable variable characters.