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1.
对青藏高原高山冰缘地区毛茛科3种特有植物的核型进行了分析。它们的核型公式(K)、染色体相对长度组成(C.R.L.)和核型不对称系数(As.K%)分别为:青藏金莲花Troliuspumilusvar.tanguticus:K(2n)=6m+8sm(2SAT)+2st,C.R.L.=4L+4M2+4M1+4S,As.K%=63.57,核型属2B型;甘青乌头Aconitumtanguticum为K(2n)=6m+10sm,C.R.L.=4L+8M1+4S,As.K%=62.54,2B型;单花翠雀花Delphiniumcandelabrumvar.monanthum为K(2n)=6m+8sm+2st,C.R.L.=4L+4M2+4M1+6S,As.K%=64.34,属3B型。经同相关近缘种核型资料比较,青藏金莲花核型不对称性和进化程度比金莲花T.chinensis低;甘青乌头的核型不对称性和进化程度在其近缘类群(乌头组Sect.Aconitum)已报道的种之内最低;单花翠雀花核型不对称性和进化水平比翠雀组(Sect.Delphinastrum)已报道的展毛翠雀花D.kamaoensevar.glabrescens、 相似文献
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子午岭产4种百合科植物的核型多样性研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
对子午岭产百合科黄精属大苞黄精(P.megaphyllum)、玉竹(P.odoratum),百合属的细叶百合(L.pumilum),葱属的糙葶韭(A.anisopodium)4种植物进行了染色体研究。其染色体数目和核型分别为:玉竹2n(2x)=20=12m(2SAT)+8sm,核型为2B型;大苞黄精2n(2x)=22=4m+12sm+6st,核型为3B型;细叶百合2n(2x)=24=4m+10st 相似文献
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湖南6种毛莨科植物的核型研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文对产于湖南的6种毛莨科植物的染色体进行了研究。裂叶星果草[Asteropyrumcavaleriei(Levl.etVant)Drumm.etHutch.)的染色体属于R型,核型公式为2n=16=12m+2sm+2t,核型类型属于ZB;打破碗花花(AnemonehupehnsisLem.)的核型公式为2n=16=10m+4st+2t(2sat),核型类型属于2A;粗齿铁线莲[Clematisapiifoliavar.argentilucida(Levl.etVant)W.T.Wang]的核型公式为2n=16=10m+2st+4t(2sat)或2n=16=10m+2st+4t(4sat)随体染色体数目在居群之间有变化,核型类型属于2A;扬子铁线莲[Clematisganipiniana(Levl.etVant)Tamura]的核型公式为2n=16=10m+2st+4t(4sat),核型类型属于2B;毛莨(RanunculuscantoniensisDC.)的核型公式为2n=16=6m+4st+6st(2sat),核型类型属于3A;毛莨(RanunculusjaponicusThunb.)的核型公式为2n=? 相似文献
6.
安徽黄精属的细胞分类学研究 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
本文首次报道黄精属PolygonatumMill我国三种特有植物的染色体数目和核型,结果如下:安徽黄精P.anhuiense发现两个细胞型:(1)2n=24=4m+6sm+14st;(2)2n=20=4m十6sm+10st; 黄精P.langyaensy2n=18=6m+8sm+4t;距药黄精P.franchetii有三个细胞型:(1)2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st;(2)2n=20=2m+14sm+4st;(3)2n=18=4m+8sm+4st+2T,全部属3B核型。黄精属植物安徽共有10种,本文对9种黄精的染色体数目、核型进行了比较研究,发现它们可划分成三个类群,与中国植物志(第十五卷)的形态分类基本相符。 相似文献
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青海南部七种翠雀属植物的核型 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
报道了采自青海南部7 种翠雀属( Delphinium L.) 植物的染色体数目和核型。大通翠雀花D.pylzowii 的核型公式为2n= 16 = 2m + 4sm + 10st; 毛翠雀花D. trichophorum 的核型公式为2n= 16 = 2m + 4sm + 10st; 蓝白翠雀花D.albocoerulum 的核型公式为2n = 16 = 2m + 4sm(2SAT) + 10st; 囊谦翠雀花D. nangchienense 的核型公式为2n = 16 = 2m + 6sm + 8st; 唐古拉翠雀花 D.tangkulaense 的核型公式为2n = 16 = 2m (2SAT) + 6sm + 8st; 单花翠雀花 D.candelabrum var. monanthum 的核型公式为2n = 16 = 2m + 6sm + 8st; 展毛翠雀花D. kamaoensevar. glabrescens 的核型公式为2n = 16 = 2m + 6sm + 8st; 前5 种植物的染色体数目与核型为首次报道。 相似文献
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吉林省产5种百合的核型研究 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
报道了吉林省产5种百合科植物的染色体数目和核型:①毛百合Lilium dauricum Ker.-Gew1.2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm(2SAT)+8st(2SAT)+12t(2SAT);②有斑百合L.concolor Salisb.var.buschianum(Lodd.)Baker 2n=24=2m(2SAT)+4sm(4SAT)+6st(2SAT)+12t;③兰州百合L.david 相似文献
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小檗科鬼臼亚科植物的核型研究 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
本文首次报道了中华山荷叶与川八角莲的核型,分别为K(2n)=12=8m(4SAT)+2st+2t及K(2n)=12=4m(2SAT)十4sm+2st(2SAT)+2t,核型类型均为ZA型。本文报道的桃儿七及八角莲的核型与前人的结果有一定差异,前者为:K(2n)=12=6m(4SAT)+2sm+2st+2t,2B型,后者为K(2n)=12=8m(2SAT)+2st(2SAT)+2t,为2A型。本文分析了小檗科鬼臼亚科4个属共7种植物的核型,结果是该类植物的核型极为相似,染色体数目均为2n=12,由8条m或sm,2条st以及2条t染色体组成。核型的相似性反映了这类植物的亲缘关系,这4个属的植物是一个自然类群。但随着系统发育,核型的不对称性有所增加,其中以山荷叶属最为对称,八角莲属居中,桃儿七属与足叶草属最不对称。笔者认为,核型上的高度相似是该类植物在系统发育上不发达,属内种类稀少,通常为寡种属或单种属的重要原因。 相似文献
11.
Lycoris radiata (L′Her. ) Herb. containing wild and cultural types, is distributed
in China and Japan. The karyotype variation in three populations of the species from Anhui
is studied in this paper. (1) Wuhu wild population has a karyotype 2n=21+1B= 1m+12st
+8t+1B. The chromosomes range in length from 7.50 to 14.10 µm with the ratio of the
longest to the shortest 1.88. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’(1971) 3A. (2) Huangshan wild population has two cytotypes: 2n=22 and 2n=22+1B. Type Ⅰ: The karyotype
formula is 2n=22=12st+10t. The chromosomes range in length from 6.85 to 9.95 µm.
with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 1.45. The karyotype belongs to 4A. Type Ⅱ:
The karyotype formula is 2n=22+1B=6st+14t+2T+1B (plate 1: 7,8). The chromosomes range in length from 6.50 to 11.02 µm. with the ratio of the longest to the shortest
1.70. The karyotype belongs to 4A. (3) Wuhu cultural type has a karyotype 2n=33=30st
+3t. The chromosomes range in length from 7.10 to 9.35 µm with the ratio of the longest
to the shortest 1.32. The karyotype belongs to 4A. This result agrees well with the previous
reports. The diploid types of Lycoris radiata (L´Her.) Herb. are found in Anhui for the firsttime. 相似文献
12.
Lycoris sprengeri Comes ex Baker is endemic to China. Reported in the present
paper are the chromosomes number and karyotypes for two wild populations of the species
from Anhui. ( 1 )Caishi population has a karyotype 2n=33=9st+21t+3T. The length of
chromosomes ranges from 5.58~9.15μm. The karyotype belongs to Stebbin’s (1971)
“4A”. (2)Longyashan populations have two karyotypes. The karyotype formula of the type
I is 2n=22=8st+14t, with chromosomes ranging from 6.88~9.15μm. The karyotype
belongs to “4A”. The karyotype formula of the type Ⅱ is 2n=22=1m+1sm+14st+6t,
with chromosomes ranging from 7.20~15.80μm. The karyotype belongs to “3B”. The
triploid type of L. sprengeri was discovered in Anhui for the first time. The karyotype 2n=22 =1m+1sm+14st+6t in diploid type of this species is here reported for the first time.The Robertsonian change plays a key role in karyotype evolution of Lycoris. 相似文献
13.
二倍体石蒜在安徽发现 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
本文以根尖细胞为材料,观察了石蒜Lycoris radiata(L′Her.)Herb.三个不同居群植物的染色体数目和核型,发现石蒜为一复合体,包括两种不同类型:(1)三倍体类型,主要包括一群以鳞茎无性繁殖的园艺栽培植株,其染色体数目和核型为2n=33=33t(st),属“4A”核型,且极其稳定。(2)二倍体类型,主要包括一群野生植株,变异较大,我们发现有下列几种情况:一是芜湖产石蒜(L.radiata)的野生材料,其染色体数目和核型为2n=21+1B=1m+12st+8t+1B,属“3A”核型,在石蒜种内迄今未见有类似报道;另一是黄山产野生材料,观察到两个细胞型,绝大多数细胞为2n=22=12st+1Ot,极个别细胞出现2n=22+1B=6st+14t+2T+1B的情况,均属“4A”核型。芜湖和黄山野生材料的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道。石蒜(L.radiata)的二倍体类群也是首次在安徽发现。 相似文献
14.
The genus Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) consists of about 20 species, all of which are
confined to temperate China, Japan and Korea.
Cytological investigations, including a reexamination of the karyotypes of 14 taxa, measurements of relative nuclear DNA content, and meiotic configuration observations on some specific
forms and interspecific hybrids, have been carried out by the present authors in order to re-evaluate the mode of karyotype evolution and the role of hybridization in the speciation of Lycoris.
These have resulted in a new theory for explaining the karyotype evolution in the genus, which
will be considered elsewhere. The present paper deals with observations on karyotypes of 11
species, 1 variety and 2 artificial hybrids.
Results obtained through karyotype analysis, as shown by the data in Table 1, Plates I-VI
and Figs. 1-2, reveal that: (1) the karyotypes of Lycoris rosea, L. radiata var. pumila, L. sprengeri, L. haywardii, L. caldwellii, L. squamigera and L. radiata are, on the whole, consistent with
those reported by the previous authors[1,2,3,4,5,8,10,12];(2) the I (rodshaped) chromosomes of L.
chinensis and L. longituba are all T’s (telocentric) instead of t’s (acrocentric) or t(Sat)’s;
(3) the three materials of L. aurea of different sources have shown a karyotypic differentiation:
one with 2n=14=8m+6T, and the others with 2n=16=6m+10T: (4) both of the karyotypes
of L. straminea and L. albiflora are 2n=19=3V+6I, inconsistent with 2n=16=6V+10I for the
former and with 2n=17=5V+12I for the latter as reported by Inariyama (1953), Bose and
Flory (1963) and Kurita (1987).
The following aspects are worthwhile discussing:
1. The types of chromosomes.
Karyotype analyses reveal the existence of three major chromosome types in Lycoris: (1)
m (metacentric) chromosomes: (2) t (acrocentric) chromosomes, with short arms, (3) T (telocentric) chromosomes, sometimes with dot-like terminal centromeres. To distinghish t’s from
T’s is of paramount importance for solving the problem of karyotype evolution in Lycoris.
Bose (1963) pointed out that in the species with 2n=22, all I chromosomes were t’s, while in
species with 2n=12-16, all I chromosomes were T’s. Our results of chromosome observations
are consistent with Bose’s remarks. Some authorst[3,6] have probably mistaken the dot-like terminal centromeres of T’s of L. longituba and L. chinensis as the short arms of t’s.
2. The significance of Robertsonian change in karyotype evolution.
Although chromosome numbers and karyotypes are very variable in Lycoris, as shown in
Table 1, the total number of arms of a chromosome complement of any species is always multiples of 11. Hence, it seems likely that Robertsonian changes have taken part in karyotype
alteration, The genus has a series of basic chromosome numbers: 6, 7, 8 and 11. But which is
the most primitive one? It is uncertain whether a successive decrease in chromosome numbers
as a result of Robertsonian fusion or a gradual increase in chromosome numbers brought about
by fission (fragmentation) has been the essential mechanism for karyotype evolution and speciation in Lycoris. These problems are of crucial importance and will be discussed in our
subsequent papers.
3. The origin of polyploids.
As evident from Table 1, there are two levels of ploidy differentiation in Lycoris: (1) di ploids with 2n=22 or the equivalent of 22, (2) triploids with 2n=33 or the equivalent of 33.
The most common way of origination of triploids in plants is the hybridization of diploids with
Tetraploids. But tetraploids have never been found in Lycoris. Thus, it is suggested that the
triploids have originated from the combination of an unreduced gamete of a diploid with a
normal gamete of another diploid.
4. The role of hybridization in speciation.
Results of karyotype analyses show that hybridization has taken an important part in the
speciation of Lycoris. Two types of hybrids have been found: (1) 2n=19= 3V+ 16I, L. straminea, L. albiflora and the two artificial hybrids L. sprengeri×L. chinensis and L. haywardii×
L. chinensis all possess this karyotype. It could be seen from the above chromosome number and
karyotype that this sort of karyotype is exactly half of the total sum of 2n=22I and 2n=16=
6V+10I. It is, therefore, quite evident that taxa possessing this karyotype are all diploid
hybrids of 2n=22 and 2n=16, (2) 2n=27=6V+21I, L. caldwellii and L. squamigera possess
this karyotype. It is reasonable to assume, too, that they are segmental allotriploids and have
arisen from the combination of an unreduced diploid gamete of 2n=16 and a normal haploid
gamete of 2n=22. The origin of the hybrid karyotype 2n=17=5V+12I reported by Inari-
yama (1953) is similar to that of 2n=19, except that one of the parents possesses 2n=12=
10V+2I instead of 2n=16=6V+10I. The origin of the other hybrid karyotype 2n=30=3V+
27I reported by Bose (1963) is similar to that of 2n=27, but the diploid gamete comes from
taxa possessing 2n=22 instead of 2n=16. 相似文献
15.
国产毛茛属三种植物的核型研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对国产三种毛茛属 (Ranunclus)植物进行了核型研究 ,其中昆明毛茛 (RanunculuskunmingensisW .T .Wang)染色体数目 2n=1 4及核型 2n =1 4 =6m +4sm +4st为首次报道 ;匍枝毛茛 (R .repenceL .)核型公式为 2n =4x =3 2 =8m +1 2sm +1 0st+2t,它是由两个不同的染色体组组成 ;刺果毛茛 (R .muricatusL .)核型公式为 2n=8x=64=1 0m +2 2sm +2 8st+4t,它也是由两个不同的染色体组组成 相似文献
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珍珠菜属三种植物的核型研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对国产三种珍珠菜属 (Lysimachia)植物进行了核型研究 ,其中点腺过路黄 (LysimachiahemsleyanaMaxim .)染色体核型 2n =2 2 =2m +4sm +8st+8t,聚花过路黄 (L .congestifloraHesmsl.)核型 2n =2 4=2m +2sm +1 0st+1 0t及山萝过路黄 (L .melampyroidesR .Knuth)染色体数目 2n =2 2 ,核型 2n =2 2 =4m +6sm +4st+8t,为首次报道。本文还分析了黄连花亚属 (subgen.Lysimachia) 2组 8种植物的核型 ,结果表明黄连花组(sect.Lysimachia)核型类型 1A ,过路黄组 (sect.Nummularia)核型类型 3A或 3B。 相似文献
18.
五种苏铁属植物的核形态 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
报道了苏铁属(Cycas L.)5种植物的染色体数目和核型,除多歧苏铁外,其他种均为首次报道。5个种的体细胞中期染色体核型公式分别为:滇南苏铁C.diannanensis K(2n)=2x=22=2m 4sm 4st 12T;潭清苏铁C.tanqingii K(2n)=2x=22=2m 8sm 2st 10T;多歧苏的Cmultipinnata K(2n)=2x=22=4m 8st 2st 8T;巴兰萨苏铁C.balansae K(2n)=2x=xx=2m 4sm 6st 10T。石山苏铁C.miquelii K(2n)=22=2m 6sm(1SAT) 4st 10T;核型均属于3B型。本研究结果支持苏铁属植物的核型从不对称进化的观点;同时,支持将巴兰萨苏铁和石山苏铁归入攀枝花苏铁组的台湾苏铁亚组的观点。 相似文献
19.
安徽产石蒜两个居群的核型研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
观察了石蒜(Lycoris radinta)两个不同居群植物的染色体数目和核型,发现野生石蒜在一个植株的不同根尖细胞里,存在两种倍性的细胞,如生于宣城敬亭山的居群既有正常三倍体:2n=33=18st 15T,属于“4A”核型;还有异常二倍体:2n=20 1B=2st 18T 1B,属于“4B”核型;生于芜湖的居群核型为:2n=20 1B=lm 9T 4t 6st 1B和2n=20 1B=1M 9T 10st 1B,属于“3B”和“3C”核型。 相似文献