夜间鸟类环志中首次捕到戴环鸟——紫啸鸫

笔者于2006年10月30日凌晨在云南新平金山丫口秋季夜间鸟类环志工作中捕获到1只戴环的紫啸鸫,环号为F03-9907,经查询该鸟为云南哀牢山国家级自然保护区镇沅管理局于2005年10月在金山丫口环志放飞。此鸟环志1年后在原地被重捕是国内夜间环志工作中首次捕到戴环鸟。     

黑叉尾海燕繁殖及迁徙的研究

黑叉尾海燕是海洋性鸟类,青岛沿海岛屿是其主要繁殖地之一。本文着重记述了其迁徙、分布、活动规律、繁殖习性、雏鸟生长等。１９８６、１９８７年共环志黑叉尾海燕２８０２只,１９８７年共回收环志鸟３９５只,其中春季２４７只,秋季１４８只;１９８６年环志的２５８只中回收到１２３只。两年的观察,该鸟５月１７￣３０日先后迁来,７月开始产卵,８月出雏。     

嫩江高峰林区白腰朱顶雀的环志回收

高峰鸟类保护环志站地处大、小兴安岭之间的嫩江河谷东岸,松嫩平原北麓。特殊的地理位置使这里成为候鸟经松嫩平原迁徙途中重要的停歇地和食物补给站。自1998年开展环志以来,截止2005年12月末,在该地区发现鸟类210种,隶属15目36科,环志鸟类163种163305只,其中,白腰朱顶雀(Carduelis flammea)环志26157只,是高峰鸟类保护环志站环志数量最多的种类。2003年2月10日挪威回收到由高峰鸟类保护环志站环志的一只白腰朱顶雀,成为中国开展鸟类环志20多年来,欧洲国家回收到的第一只中国环志鸟。之后,在俄罗斯、荷兰也相继回收到高峰环志的鸟类,使高峰鸟类保护环志工作再度引起鸟类学家的关注。     

东北鸟类新纪录--栗头鹟莺

2002年春季,在黑龙江省嫩江高峰鸟类保护环志站环志过程中,网捕一只栗头(翁鸟)莺(Seicercus castaniceps)雄性个体(照片见封面).     

云南巍山鸟道雄关2003年度鸟类环志研究简报

2003年9月17日至10月22日,在云南省巍山县鸟道雄关开展了秋季鸟类环志研究工作,累计环志鸟类5603只,计103种,分别隶属于10目20科。     

中国候鸟环志的研究

环志是研究鸟类迁徙最简单有效的科学方法。中国从1982年开始建立全国鸟类环志中心以来,在林业部的领导下至 1990年先后建立了候鸟环志站、点 60处,共计环志了候鸟 186种 62 755只,同期回收 到国内外环志鸟413只。回收环志鸟提供了东亚地区候鸟迁徙的宝贵信息,证实了：1．候鸟迁徙可自喜马拉雅山脉飞越;2．中国候鸟迁徙路线和推论是正确的;3．中国东北繁殖的白枕鹤飞往日本九洲南部越冬,丹顶鹤等迁往东部沿海、长江中下游几处湿地越冬,与来自俄罗斯西伯利亚的部分鹤在相同地区越冬;4.某些鸟种迁徙路线在与日本同种候鸟迁徙路线比较后,表明在西太平洋地区,通过中国和日本存在着两条平行的自南向北迁徙的路线。其他信息也指出了更多的情况,同时也表明中国环志研究在西太平洋迁徙候鸟研究中处于关键性的地位。     

中国侯鸟环志的研究

环志是研究鸟类迁徙最简单有效的科学方法。中国从１９８２年开始建立全国鸟类环志中心以来,在林业部的领导下至１９９０年先后建立了候鸟环志站、点６０处,共计环志了候鸟１８６种６２７５５只,同期回收到国内外环志鸟４１３只。回收环志鸟提供了东亚地区候鸟迁徙的宝贵信息,证实了：１．候鸟迁徙可自喜马拉雅山脉飞越;２．中国候鸟迁徙路线和推论是正确的;３．中国东北繁殖的白枕鹤飞往日本九洲南部越冬,丹顶鹤等迁往东部沿海、长江中下游几处湿地越冬,与来自俄罗斯西伯利亚的部分鹤在相同地区越冬;４．某些鸟种迁徙路线在与日本同种候鸟迁徙路线比较后,表明在西太平洋地区,通过中国和日本存在着两条平行的自南向北迁徙的路线。其他信息也指出了更多的情况,同时也表明中国环志研究在西太平洋迁徙候鸟研究中处于关键性的地位。     

云南鸟类种的新记录——海南(开鸟)

2006年10月28日凌晨3点,笔者在位于云南省新平县哀牢山的金山丫口鸟类环志站进行夜间鸟类环志工作时,用灯光诱捕到一只鹭科鸟类,经鉴定为海南(开鸟) (Gorsachius magnificus),为云南省鸟类物种新记录.     

黑龙江省鸟类新纪录——灰斑鸠

2005年秋季环志期间,捕到1只灰斑鸠,鉴定为指名亚种（Streptopelia decaocto decaocto）。该鸟量度见表1。     

基于环志数据探讨兴凯湖水鸟的迁徙规律

黑龙江兴凯湖位于中俄交界,该地区水鸟的迁徙路线及其保护状况受到我国及相邻国家政府和保护组织的高度关注。我们整理了兴凯湖水鸟的环志回收数据,对水鸟的迁徙规律进行了分析。结果表明,从2010年至2019年兴凯湖共环志鹤鹳类和雁鸭类968只,回收记录共29只次,其中白枕鹤（Grus vipio）6只次、东方白鹳（Ciconia boyciana）8只次、斑嘴鸭（Anas poecilorhyncha）3只次、绿头鸭（A. platyrhynchos）3只次、琵嘴鸭（A. clypeata）7只次、凤头潜鸭（Aythya fuligula）1只次和豆雁（Anser fabalis）1只次。水鸟环志回收数据揭示了兴凯湖鹤鹳类和雁鸭类的主要迁徙规律,证实了兴凯湖作为东北亚水鸟迁徙廊道的重要性,为我国与相邻国家开展水鸟的联合保护提供科学依据。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.