Description of the two novel species of the genus Helicobacter: Helicobacter anatolicus sp. nov., and Helicobacter kayseriensis sp. nov., isolated from feces of urban wild birds

A total of 26 Gram-negative, motile, gently curved, and rod-shaped isolates were recovered, during a study to determine the faeco-prevalence of Helicobacter spp. in urban wild birds. Pairwise comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these isolates belonged to the genus Helicobacter and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were separated into two divergent groups. The first group consisted of 20 urease-positive isolates sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence identity levels of 98.5–98.6% to H. mustelae ATCC 43772^T, while the second group contained six urease-negative isolates with the sequence identity level of 98.5% to the type strain of H. pametensis ATCC 51478^T. Five isolates were chosen and subjected to comparative whole-genome analysis. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA, gyrA and atpA gene sequences showed that Helicobacter isolates formed two separate phylogenetic clades, differentiating the isolates from the other Helicobacter species. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses between strains faydin-H8^T, faydin-H23^T and their close neighbors H. anseris MIT 04-9362^T and H. pametensis ATCC 51478^T, respectively, confirmed that both strains represent novel species in the genus Helicobacter. The DNA G+C contents of the strains faydin-H8^T and faydin-H23^T are 32.0% and 37.6%, respectively. The results obtained for the characterization of the wild bird isolates indicate that they represent two novel species, for which the names Helicobacter anatolicus sp. nov., and Helicobacter kayseriensis sp. nov., are proposed, with faydin-H8^T(=LMG 32237^T = DSM 112312^T) and faydin-H23^T(=LMG 32236^T = CECT 30508^T) as respective type strains.     

Flavobacterium qiangtangensis sp. nov., Isolated from Qiangtang Basin in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

A flexirubin-type yellow-pigmented, non-gliding, non-flagellated, gram-negative bacterium strain, designated F3^T, was isolated from a drilling core sample of the Qiangtang basin, Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain F3^T belongs to the genus Flavobacterium, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the Flavobacterium noncentrifugens CGMCC 1.10076^T (94.92 %). Strain F3^T grew optimally at temperature about 20 °C, at pH about 7.0–8.0, at NaCl concentration 0 % (w/v). The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 35.5 mol%. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine, predominant cellular fatty acids of the strain was iso-C_15:0 (22.02 %), while the major menaquinone was menaquinone 6. Due to the phenotypic and genetic distinctiveness and several other characteristic studied in this article, we consider F3^T as a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, and propose to name it Flavobacterium qiangtangensis sp. nov. The type strain is F3^T (=CGMCC 1.12706^T = JCM 19739^T).     

Defluviimonas denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., and Pararhodobacter aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov., non-phototrophic Rhodobacteraceae from the biofilter of a marine aquaculture

Three Gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated from the biofilter of a recirculating marine aquaculture. They were non-pigmented rods, mesophiles, moderately halophilic, and showed chemo-organoheterotrophic growth on various sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids, with oxygen as electron acceptor; strains D9-3^T and D11-58 were in addition able to denitrify. Phototrophic or fermentative growth could not be demonstrated. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences placed D9-3^T and D11-58, and D1-19^T on two distinct branches within the alpha-3 proteobacterial Rhodobacteraceae, affiliated with, but clearly separate from, the genera Rhodobacter, Rhodovulum, and Rhodobaca. Based on morphological, physiological, and 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic characteristics, the isolated strains are proposed as new species of two novel genera, Defluviimonas denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain D9-3^T = DSM 18921^T = ATCC BAA-1447^T; additional strain D11-58 = DSM19039 = ATCC BAA-1448) and Pararhodobacter aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov (type strain D1-19^T = DSM 18938^T = ATCC BAA-1446^T).     

Flavobacterium aquaticum sp. nov., a member of the Bacteroidetes isolated from a freshwater reservoir

A novel bacterial strain, designated ARSA-111^T, was isolated from a freshwater reservoir in Cheonan, Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the isolate belonged to the genus Flavobacterium of phylum Bacteroidetes. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain ARSA-111^T showed a high degree of sequence similarity to those of Flavobacteium cheonanense KACC 14972^T (97.3%), F. aquatile JCM 20475^T (97.1%), and other type strains of the genus Flavobacterium (< 97.0%). The phylogenetic tree and network analysis (i.e. median-joining) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ARSA-111^T is most closely related to F. aquatile JCM 20475^T. DNA-DNA hybridization experiment revealed 70% of genomic relatedness among strain ARSA-111^T, F. aquatile JCM 20475^T and F. cheonanense KACC 14972^T. The isolate had iso-C_15:1, iso-C_15:0, and iso-C_15:0 3-OH as predominant cellular fatty acids and MK-6 as a predominant menaquinone. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 35.6 mol%. On the basis of these data, strain ARSA-111^T is considered to be a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium aquaticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain ARSA-111^T (=KACC 14973^T =KCTC 23185^T = JCM 17070^T).     

Peptoniphilus coxii sp. nov. and Peptoniphilus tyrrelliae sp. nov. isolated from human clinical infections

Two groups of previously undescribed anaerobic, gram-positive cocci recovered from human clinical infections were characterized using phenotypic and molecular genotypic methods. Comparative genotypic analysis showed that the strains within each of these two groups were homogeneous within the group and that each group was unique within the genus Peptoniphilus. The first group is most closely related to Peptoniphilus ivorii and the second group to Peptoniphilus harei. Based on these findings we propose two novel species, Peptoniphilus coxii sp. nov. and Peptoniphilus tyrrelliae sp. nov. The type strains are P. coxii sp. nov., RMA 16757^T (= JCM 16892^T = CCUG 59622^T = ATCC BAA-2106^T) and P. tyrrelliae sp. nov., RMA 19911^T (= JCM 16893^T = CCUG 59621^T = ATCC BAA-2105^T).     

Flavobacterium circumlabens sp. nov. and Flavobacterium cupreum sp. nov., two psychrotrophic species isolated from Antarctic environmental samples

A taxonomic study of 24 Gram-stain-negative rod-shaped bacteria originating from the Antarctic environment is described. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing differentiated isolated strains into two groups belonging to the genus Flavobacterium. Group I (n = 20) was closest to Flavobacterium aquidurense WB 1.1-56^T (98.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) while group II (n = 4) showed Flavobacterium hydatis DSM 2063^T as its nearest neighbour (98.5–98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Despite high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, these two groups represented two distinct novel species as shown by phenotypic traits and low genomic relatedness assessed by rep-PCR fingerprinting, DNA-DNA hybridization and whole-genome sequencing. Common to representative strains of both groups were the presence of major menaquinone MK-6 and sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. Common major fatty acids were C_15:0 iso, C_15:1 iso G, C_15:0 iso 3-OH, C_17:0 iso 3OH and Summed Feature 3 (C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c). Strain CCM 8828^T (group I) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified lipids lacking a functional group, three unidentified aminolipids and single unidentified glycolipid in the polar lipid profile. Strain CCM 8825^T (group II) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, eight unidentified lipids lacking a functional group, three unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified glycolipids in the polar lipid profile. These characteristics corresponded to characteristics of the genus Flavobacterium. The obtained results showed that the analysed strains represent novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the names Flavobacterium circumlabens sp. nov. (type strain CCM 8828^T = P5626^T = LMG 30617^T) and Flavobacterium cupreum sp. nov. (type strain CCM 8825^T = P2683^T = LMG 30614^T) are proposed.     

Bifidobacterium primatium sp. nov., Bifidobacterium scaligerum sp. nov., Bifidobacterium felsineum sp. nov. and Bifidobacterium simiarum sp. nov.: Four novel taxa isolated from the faeces of the cotton top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) and the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator)

Four novel Gram-stain-positive, non spore forming and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive strains were isolated from the faeces of a cotton top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) and an emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA revealed that bifidobacterial strains TRE 1^T exhibit close phylogenetic relatedness to Bifidobacterium catulorum DSM 103154 (96.0%) and Bifidobacterium tissieri DSM 100201 (96.0%); TRE D^T and TRE H^T were closely related to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum ATCC 15708^T with similarity values of 97.4% and 97.5%, respectively; TRI 7^T was closely related to Bifidobacterium tissieri DSM 100201 (96.0%). The Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and in silico DDH (isDDH) analysis with closest neighbour supported an independent phylogenetic position of all strains with values ranged from 74 to 85% for ANI and from 24 to 28% for isDDH. DNA base composition of the four strains was in the range of 58.3–63.5 mol% G + C. Based on the phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic data, the strains TRE 1^T, TRE D^T, TRE H^T and TRI 7^T clearly represent four novel taxa within the genus Bifidobacterium for which the names Bifidobacterium primatium sp. nov. (type strain TRE 1^T = DSM 100687^T = JCM 30945^T), Bifidobacterium scaligerum sp. nov. (type strain TRE D^T = DSM 103140^T = JCM 31792^T), Bifidobacterium felsineum sp. nov. (type strain TRE H^T = DSM 103139^T = JCM 31789^T) and Bifidobacterium simiarum sp. nov. (type strain TRI 7^T = DSM 103153^T = JCM 31793) are proposed.     

Hyphomonas beringensis sp. nov. and Hyphomonas chukchiensis sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater of the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea

Two Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, oval to pear shaped motile strains, designated 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T, isolated from surface seawater from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, respectively, were subjected to polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that strains 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T clustered together with Hyphomonas atlanticus 22II1-22F38^T and Hyphomonas oceanitis DSM 5155^T, respectively, within genus Hyphomonas. Based on whole genome sequence analysis, the calculated DDH and ANIm values between strain 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T are 18.8 and 83.19 % respectively. The calculated DDH values of strain 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T with seven type strains ranged from 18.2 to 19.9 % and from 18.4 to 40.4 %, respectively. The ANIm values of strain 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T with seven type strains ranged from 83.00 to 84.67 % and from 83.14 to 90.58 %, respectively. Both isolates were found to contain Q-11 as the predominant respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids of strain 25B14_1^T were identified as C_16:0, C_17:0, C_18:1 ω7c-methyl and Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c/ω7c as defined by MIDI), while in the case of strain BH-BN04-4^T they were identified as C_16:0, C_18:1 ω7c-methyl and Summed Feature 8 (C_18:1 ω6c/ω7c). The G+C contents of 25B14_1^T and BH-BN04-4^T were determined to be 58.4 and 61.0 mol%, respectively. The combined phenotypic and genotypic data show that the two isolates each represent novel species of the genus Hyphomonas, for which the names Hyphomonas beringensis sp. nov. and Hyphomonas chukchiensis sp. nov. are proposed, with the type strain 25B14_1^T (=MCCC 1A07321^T = LMG 27914^T) and BH-BN04-4^T (=MCCC 1A07481^T = LMG 27915^T), respectively.     

Flavobacterium arsenitoxidans sp. nov., an arsenite-oxidizing bacterium from Thai soil

An arsenite-oxidizing bacterium, strain S2-3H^T, was isolated from arsenic-contaminated soil sample collected from Dantchaeng district, Suphanburi province, Thailand and was characterized based on polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain was observed to be a Gram-stain negative, aerobic, yellow pigmented, non-spore forming and rod-shaped bacterium. Major menaquinone was MK-6. Iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 3OH, C_16:1 ω7c/C_16:1 ω6c, C_16:0, iso-C_17:0 3OH, and C_16:0 3OH were the predominant cellular fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified phospholipids and unidentified aminophospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 37.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequence showed that strain S2-3H^T is affiliated to the genus Flavobacterium, and is closely related to F. defluvii KCTC 12612^T (97.0 %) and F. johnsoniae NBRC 14942^T (97.0 %). The strain S2-3H^T could be clearly distinguished from the related Flavobacterium species by its physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as its phylogenetic position and DNA–DNA relatedness. Therefore, the strain represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium arsenitoxidans sp. nov. (type strain S2-3H^T = KCTC 22507^T = NBRC 109607^T = PCU 331^T = TISTR 2238^T) is proposed.     

Geomesophilobacter sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., Geomonas propionica sp. nov. and Geomonas anaerohicana sp. nov., three novel members in the family Geobacterecace isolated from river sediment and paddy soil

Bacteria in the family Geobacteraceae have been proven to fill important niches in a diversity of anaerobic environments and global biogeochemical processes. Here, three bacterial strains in this family, designated Red875^T, Red259^T, and Red421^T were isolated from river sediment and paddy soils in Japan. All of them are Gram-staining-negative, strictly anaerobic, motile, flagellum-harboring cells that form red colonies on agar plates and are capable of utilizing Fe(III)-NTA, Fe(III) citrate, ferrihydrite, MnO₂, fumarate, and nitrate as electron acceptors with acetate, propionate, pyruvate, and glucose as electron donors. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and 92 concatenated core proteins sequences revealed that strains Red259^T and Red421^T clustered with the type strains of Geomonas species, whereas strain Red875^T formed an independent lineage within the family Geobacteraceae. Genome comparison based on  average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values clearly distinguished these three strains from other Geobacteraceae members, with lower values than the thresholds for species delineation. Moreover, strain Red875^T also shared low average amino acid identity (AAI) and percentage of conserved proteins (POCP) values with the type species of the family Geobacteraceae. Based on these physiological, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic distinctions, we propose that strain Red875^T (=NBRC 114290^T = MCCC 1K04407^T) represents a novel genus in the family Geobacteraceae, namely, Geomesophilobacter sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., and strains Red259^T (=NBRC 114288^T = MCCC 1K05016^T) and Red421^T (=NBRC 114289^T = MCCC 1K06216^T) represent two novel independent species in the genus Geomonas, namely, Geomonas propionica sp. nov. and Geomonas anaerohicana sp. nov., respectively.     

Arthrospiribacter ruber gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from Arthrospira cultures

Polyphasic analysis of ten isolates of the red-pigmented bacteria isolated from ten Arthrospira cultures originating from different parts of the world is described. The 16S rRNA analysis showed <95 % identity with the known bacteria on public databases, therefore, additional analyses of fatty acids profiles, MALDI-TOF/MS, genome sequencing of the chosen isolate and following phylogenomic analyses were performed. Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic rods were positive for catalase, negative for oxidase, proteolytic and urease activity. Major fatty acids were 15 : 0 iso, 17:0 iso 3 OH and 17:1 iso w9c/16:0 10-methyl. The whole phylogenomic analyses revealed that the genomic sequence of newly isolated strain DPMB0001 was most closely related to members of Cyclobacteriaceae family and clearly indicated distinctiveness of newly isolated bacteria. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridisation values were calculated between representative of the novel strains DPMB0001 and its phylogenetically closest species, Indibacter alkaliphilus CCUG57479 (LW1)^T (ANI 69.2 % is DDH 17.2 %) and Mariniradius saccharolyticus AK6^T (ANI 80.02 % isDDH 26.1 %), and were significantly below the established cut-off <94 % (ANI) and <70 % (isDDH) for species and genus delineation.The obtained results showed that the analysed isolates represent novel genus and species, for which names Arthrospiribacter gen nov. and Arthrospiribacter ruber sp. nov. (type strain DPMB0001 = LMG 31078 = PCM 3008) is proposed.     

Klebsiella michiganensis sp. nov., A New Bacterium Isolated from a Tooth Brush Holder

Isolate W14^T recovered from a household tooth brush holder was found to be gram-negative, a facultative anaerobic, non-motile, capsulated, and a non-endospore-forming straight rod. Based on phylogenetic analysis with 16S rRNA gene sequence, isolate W14^T was affiliated to the genus Klebsiella. The closest phylogenetic relative was K. oxytoca with 99 % similarity in the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The major whole-cell fatty acids were C_16:0 (31.23 %), C_18:1ω6c/C_18:1ω7c (21.10 %), and C_16:1ω7c/C_16:1ω6c (19.05 %). The sequence similarities of isolate W14^T based on rpoB, gyrA, and gyrB were 97, 98, and 98 % with K. oxytoca, and 97, 93, and 90 % with K. mobilis (=Enterobacter aerogenes), respectively. The ribotyping pattern showed a 0.46 similarity with K. oxytoca ATCC 13182^T and 0.24 with K. mobilis ATCC 13048^T. The DNA G+C content of isolate W14^T was 54.6 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness was 55.7 % with K. oxytoca ATCC 13182^T. Using the identification technology of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, the top matches for this isolate were K. oxytoca ATCC 13182^T (Match Factor Score 1.998) and K. mobilis (Score 1.797). On the basis of phenotypic, biochemical, chemotaxonomic, and molecular studies, isolate W14^T could be differentiated from other members of the genus Klebsiella including K. mobilis. Therefore, it is proposed that isolate W14^T (=ATCC BAA-2403^T=DSM 25444^T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Klebsiella, K. michiganensis sp. nov.     

Streptomyces poriferorum sp. nov., a novel marine sponge-derived Actinobacteria species expressing anti-MRSA activity

Marine sponges represent a rich source of uncharacterized microbial diversity, and many are host to microorganisms that produce biologically active specialized metabolites. Here, a polyphasic approach was used to characterize two Actinobacteria strains, P01-B04^T and P01-F02, that were isolated from the marine sponges Geodia barretti (Bowerbank, 1858) and Antho dichotoma (Esper, 1794), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains P01-B04^T and P01-F02 are closely related to Streptomyces beijiangensis DSM 41794^T, Streptomyces laculatispora NRRL B-24909^T, and Streptomyces brevispora NRRL B-24910^T. The two strains showed nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequences (99.93%), and the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) relatedness values were 99.96% and 99.6%, respectively, suggesting that these strains are affiliated with the same species. Chemotaxonomic and culture characteristics of both strains were also consistent with the genus Streptomyces, while phenotypic properties, genome-based comparisons, and phylogenomic analyses distinguished strains P01-B04^T and P01-F02 from their closest phylogenetic relatives. In silico analysis predicted that the 8.9 Mb genome of P01-B04^T contains at least 41 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding secondary metabolites, indicating that this strain could express diverse bioactive metabolites; in support of this prediction, this strain expressed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including a clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) EAMC30. Based on these results, the marine sponge-associated isolates represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces poriferorum sp. nov. is proposed, with P01-B04^T (=DSM 111306^T = CCM 9048^T) as the type strain.     

Rahnella victoriana sp. nov., Rahnella bruchi sp. nov., Rahnella woolbedingensis sp. nov., classification of Rahnella genomospecies 2 and 3 as Rahnella variigena sp. nov. and Rahnella inusitata sp. nov., respectively and emended description of the genus Rahnella

Isolations from oak symptomatic of Acute Oak Decline, alder and walnut log tissue, and buprestid beetles in 2009–2012 yielded 32 Gram-negative bacterial strains showing highest gyrB sequence similarity to Rahnella aquatilis and Ewingella americana. Multilocus sequence analysis (using partial gyrB, rpoB, infB and atpD gene sequences) delineated the strains into six MLSA groups. Two MLSA groups contained reference strains of Rahnella genomospecies 2 and 3, three groups clustered within the Rahnella clade with no known type or reference strains and the last group contained the type strain of E. americana. DNA–DNA relatedness assays using both the microplate and fluorometric methods, confirmed that each of the five Rahnella MLSA groups formed separate taxa. Rahnella genomospecies 2 and 3 were previously not formally described due to a lack of distinguishing phenotypic characteristics. In the present study, all five Rahnella MLSA groups were phenotypically differentiated from each other and from R. aquatilis. Therefore we propose to classify the strains from symptomatic oak, alder and walnut and buprestid beetles as: Rahnella victoriana sp. nov. (type strain FRB 225^T = LMG 27717^T = DSM 27397^T), Rahnella variigena sp. nov. (previously Rahnella genomosp. 2, type strain CIP 105588^T = LMG 27711^T), Rahnella inusitata sp. nov. (previously Rahnella genomosp. 3, type strain DSM 30078^T = LMG 2640^T), Rahnella bruchi sp. nov. (type strain FRB 226^T = LMG 27718^T = DSM 27398^T) and Rahnella woolbedingensis sp. nov. (type strain FRB 227^T = LMG 27719^T = DSM 27399^T).     

Aliarcobacter vitoriensis sp. nov., isolated from carrot and urban wastewater

Two isolates, one recovered from a carrot and another one from urban wastewater, were characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that both isolates clustered together, and were most closely related to Aliarcobacter lanthieri. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis (MLPA) using the concatenated sequences of five housekeeping genes (atpA, gyrA, gyrB, hsp60 and rpoB) suggested that these isolates formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage among the genera derived from the former genus Arcobacter. Whole-genome sequence, in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) and the average nucleotide identity (ANI) value between the genome of strain F199^T and those of related species confirmed that these isolates represent a novel species. These strains can be differentiated from its phylogenetically closest species A. lanthieri by its inability to growth on 1% glycine and by their enzyme activity of esterase lipase (C8) and acid phosphatase. Our results, by the application of a polyphasic analysis, confirmed that these two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Aliarcobacter, for which the name Aliarcobacter vitoriensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F199^T (=CECT 9230^T=LMG 30050^T).     

Characterization of two novel pentose-fermenting and GABA-producing species: Levilactobacillus tujiorum sp. nov. and Secundilactobacillus angelensis sp. nov. Isolated from a solid-state fermented zha-chili

Lactobacilli are dominant in zha-chili. This study provides a taxonomic characterization of five bacterial strains isolated from zha-chili in China. The cells were Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, non-spore-forming, flagella-free, catalase-negative, heterofermentative, pentose-fermenting, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing rods. For HBUAS51241^T, HBUAS51329, and HBUAS51416, C_16:0, C_18:1 ω9c and C_19:0 iso were the predominant cellular fatty acids; diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (DP), glycolipids (GL), and glycolipids (AL) were the major phospholipids. While for HBUAS51383^T and HBUAS58055, C_16:0, C_18:1 ω9c, C_19:0 cyclo ω8c were the predominant cellular fatty acids; DPG, DP, GL, and AL were the major phospholipids. Strains HBUAS51241^T, HBUAS51329, and HBUAS51416 showed 98.1–99.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 80.2–81.4% ANI, 87.7–90.0% AAI, and 23.8–32.8% digital DDH to their closest related type strains Levilactobacillus hammesii DSM 16381^T, Levilactobacillus parabrevis ATCC 53295^T, and Levilactobacillus fuyuanensis 244-4^T. Strains HBUAS51383^T and HBUAS58055 showed 98.7–99.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 75.4–81.4% ANI, 75.5–89.1% AAI, and 19.7–24.0% digital DDH to their closest related type strains Secundilactobacillus silagincola IWT5^T, Secundilactobacillus silagei JCM 19001^T, Secundilactobacillus pentosiphilus IWT25^T, Secundilactobacillus mixtipabuli IWT30^T, Secundilactobacillus odoratitofui DSM 19909^T, and Secundilactobacillus similis DSM 23365^T. The central carbon metabolism pathways for the five strains were summarizeded. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic data, we propose two novel species Levilactobacillus tujiorum sp. nov. whose type strain is HBUAS51241^T (=GDMCC 1.3022^T = JCM 35241^T), and Secundilactobacillus angelensis sp. nov. whose type strain is HBUAS51383^T (=GDMCC 1.3021^T = JCM 35209^T).     

Description of two cultivated and two uncultivated new Salinibacter species,one named following the rules of the bacteriological code: Salinibacter grassmerensis sp. nov.; and three named following the rules of the SeqCode: Salinibacter pepae sp. nov., Salinibacter abyssi sp. nov., and Salinibacter pampae sp. nov.

Current -omics methods allow the collection of a large amount of information that helps in describing the microbial diversity in nature. Here, and as a result of a culturomic approach that rendered the collection of thousands of isolates from 5 different hypersaline sites (in Spain, USA and New Zealand), we obtained 21 strains that represent two new Salinibacter species. For these species we propose the names Salinibacter pepae sp. nov. and Salinibacter grassmerensis sp. nov. (showing average nucleotide identity (ANI) values < 95.09% and 87.08% with Sal. ruber M31^T, respectively). Metabolomics revealed species-specific discriminative profiles. Sal. ruber strains were distinguished by a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids and specific N-functionalized fatty acids; and Sal. altiplanensis was distinguished by an increased number of glycosylated molecules. Based on sequence characteristics and inferred phenotype of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), we describe two new members of the genus Salinibacter. These species dominated in different sites and always coexisted with Sal. ruber and Sal. pepae. Based on the MAGs from three Argentinian lakes in the Pampa region of Argentina and the MAG of the Romanian lake Fără Fund, we describe the species Salinibacter pampae sp. nov. and Salinibacter abyssi sp. nov. respectively (showing ANI values 90.94% and 91.48% with Sal. ruber M31^T, respectively). Sal. grassmerensis sp. nov. name was formed according to the rules of the International Code for Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP), and Sal. pepae, Sal. pampae sp. nov. and Sal. abyssi sp. nov. are proposed following the rules of the newly published Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from Sequence Data (SeqCode). This work constitutes an example on how classification under ICNP and SeqCode can coexist, and how the official naming a cultivated organism for which the deposit in public repositories is difficult finds an intermediate solution.     

Mycoplasma nasistruthionis sp. nov. and Mycoplasma struthionis sp. nov. isolated from ostriches with respiratory disease

Twelve Mycoplasma (M.) strains isolated from the nose, the trachea, and the lung of ostriches (Struthio camelus) displaying respiratory disease were investigated. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences placed five of these strains within the M. synoviae cluster, and seven strains within the M. hominis cluster of genus Mycoplasma, which was further confirmed by analyses of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region, and partial rpoB gene and amino acid sequences. Genomic information as well as phenotypic features obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry analysis and serological reactions indicated that the strains examined are representatives of two hitherto unclassified species of genus Mycoplasma, for which the names Mycoplasma nasistruthionis sp. nov., with type strain 2F1A^T (= ATCC BAA-1893^T = DSM 22456^T), and Mycoplasma struthionis sp. nov., with type strain 237IA^T (= ATCC BAA-1890^T = DSM 22453^T), are proposed.