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Any change in a plant that occurs following herbivory or environmental factors is an induced response. These changes include
phytochemical induction, increases in physical defenses, emission of volatiles that attract predators and parasitoids of herbivores,
and reduction in plant nutritional quality for herbivores, which is termed induced resistance. Induced resistance has been
demonstrated ubiquitously in plants. It is one of our goals to review what is known about the induced resistance to herbivorous
insects in cotton, including three resistance secondary metabolites (terpenoid, tannin, and flavonoids) that are contained
at any significant levels of resistance to herbivorous insects in cotton cultivates. In many cases, the quantities or quality
of secondary metabolites in plant are changed after attacked by insects. This review focuses on induced plant resistance as
quantitative or qualitative enhancement of defense mechanism against insect pests, especially on the abiotic-elicitors-induced
resistance in cotton plants. The abiotic-elicitor of cupric chloride, an exogenous inorganic compound, may induce the secondary
metabolites accumulation and is referred to as a copperinducible elicitor (CIE). Finally, we discuss how copperinducible elicitor
may be used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system for cotton resistance control. 相似文献
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茉莉素是一类可以激活一系列植物抗虫防卫反应的重要内源信号分子。该文综述了茉莉素在植物体内的抗虫作用,外用茉莉素对植物诱导抗虫性的影响,及其化学和分子机制,茉莉素诱导抗虫反应的收益和成本,并展望了茉莉素可能的应用前景。 相似文献
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硅对植物抗虫性的影响及其机制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
硅不是植物必需营养元素,但硅在提高植物对一系列非生物和生物胁迫的抗性方面都具有重要作用。综述了硅对植物抗虫性的影响及其机制。在多数植物中,增施硅肥可增强其抗虫性;所增强的抗性与硅肥种类和施用方式之间存在关系。植物组织中沉积的硅可增加其硬度和耐磨度,降低植物可消化性,从而增强植物组成性防御,包括延缓昆虫生长发育、降低繁殖力、减轻植物受害程度;植物体内的硅含量以及硅沉积的位点和排列方式影响组成性防御作用的强度。此外,硅可以调节植物诱导性防御,包括直接防御和间接防御,直接防御涉及增加有毒物质含量、产生局部过敏反应或系统获得抗性、产生有毒化合物和防御蛋白,从而延缓昆虫发育;间接防御主要通过释放挥发性化合物吸引植食性昆虫的捕食性和寄生性天敌而导致植食性昆虫种群下降。 相似文献
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Induction of systemic acquired resistance in cotton by BTH has a negligible effect on phytophagous insects 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Moshe Inbar Hamed Doostdar Dan Gerling Richard T. Mayer 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2001,99(1):65-70
Whether or not chemical changes in plants in response to pests (insects and pathogens) are general or specific remains unclear. Some evidence indicates that an induced response (IR) to arthropods via the octadecanoid pathway represents a distinct mechanism from the salicylic acid-based pathway of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to pathogens. To further test this hypothesis, young cotton seedlings were activated with benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid (S) methyl ester (BTH), an elicitor of SAR. The enzymatic activities of a number of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in young and old leaves of control and BTH treated plants were measured. BTH applications elicited marked increases in the activity levels of chitinase, peroxidase, and -1,3-glucanase both locally and systemically. The highest levels of induction were detected systemically in young leaves. Except for some local effects on whitefly oviposition, the induction of SAR by BTH had no effect on either host preference of whiteflies Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) or on feeding efficiency of cotton bollworms Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). We conclude that SAR induction via the salicylic acid pathway in Acala cotton has negligible effect on the tested insect herbivores. 相似文献
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调查了生长期14个不同棉花品种上绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür的危害情况。亚洲棉表现为高抗,冀丰杂7号等12个品种表现为中抗,灵-17表现为敏感。田间采用ASD光谱仪对14个棉花品种生长期的冠层光谱进行了测定,发现相同品种不同时期的光谱反射率的一阶微分具有明显差异(P<0.05),在近红外717 nm波段处一阶微分光谱值与棉花抗绿盲蝽级别显著相关(R2=0.89,P=0.01),可较好的表征绿盲蝽危害指数,可利用这个波段的光谱指标对棉花品种的抗绿盲蝽特性进行初步诊断,为棉花抗盲蝽评价选育提供参考。 相似文献
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昆虫对植物次生物质的代谢适应机制及其对昆虫抗药性的意义 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
植物次生物质(plant secondary metabolites)对昆虫的取食行为、生长发育及繁殖可以产生不利影响,甚至对昆虫可以产生毒杀作用。为了应对植物次生物质的不利影响,昆虫通过对植物次生物质忌避取食、解毒代谢等多种机制,而对寄主植物产生适应性。其中,昆虫的解毒代谢酶包括昆虫细胞色素P450酶系(P450s)及谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSTs)等,在昆虫对植物次生物质的解毒代谢及对寄主植物的适应性中发挥了重要作用。昆虫的解毒酶系统不仅可以代谢植物次生物质,还可能代谢化学杀虫剂,因而昆虫对寄主植物的适应性与其对杀虫剂的耐药性甚至抗药性密切相关。昆虫细胞色素P450s和GSTs等代谢解毒酶活性及相关基因的表达可以被植物次生物质影响,这不仅使昆虫对寄主植物的防御产生了适应性,还影响了昆虫对杀虫剂的解毒代谢,因而改变昆虫的耐药性或抗药性。掌握昆虫对植物次生物质的代谢适应机制及其在昆虫抗药性中的作用,对于明确昆虫的抗药性机制具有重要的参考意义。本文综述了植物次生物质对昆虫的影响、昆虫对寄主植物次生物质的代谢机制、昆虫对植物次生物质的代谢适应性对昆虫耐药性及抗药性的影响等方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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虫害诱导植物间接防御反应的激发与信号转导途径 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
植物通过产生和释放挥发性物质增加植食性昆虫的天敌对其寄主或猎物的定位,减少植食性昆虫对植物的取食,从而达到间接防御的目的。植物对植食性昆虫所做出间接防御反应激发因子和信号转导途径的研究,对应用虫害诱导植物挥发物引诱害虫天敌,并进一步从植物、植食性昆虫及其天敌间三级营养关系,研究动植物协同进化机理和病虫害防治具有深远意义。本文根据国内外最新研究进展,对虫害诱导植物间接防御反应的激发因子,昆虫取食信号的转导途径及对植物间接防御相关基因的激活等方面进行了系统地综述。 相似文献
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Richard Karban 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1985,37(2):137-141
Mechanical abrasion of cotyledons induced resistance to spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) in cotton plants in four of six replicates. Mite population grwoth was reduced on plants that had either been abraded or had been previously exposed to mite feeding, compared to undamaged controls. Populations of mites were not different for plants that were abraded and for those that had been exposed previously to mites. In two of the six replicates, mite populations were not different for abraded, previously exposed and control plants. In these two replicates, densities of mites were greater than in the four replicates in which abrasion and previous exposure were effective, although the reasons for this discrepancy are not known.Induction of resistance by mechanical abrasion indicates that the response is not caused only by some factor specific to mites but can be caused by general wounding.
Résumé L'abrasion mécanique des cotylédons a induit la résistance aux acariens (Tetranychus urticae) sur des pieds de coton dans 4 répétitions sur 6. La croissance des populations d'acariens sur plantes abrasées ou précédemment exposées à l'alimentation des acariens, était plus faible que celle des témoins. Les populations d'acariens sur plantes abrasées et sur plantes exposées précédemment aux acariens ne différaient pas. Dans 2 des 6 lots, les populations d'acariens ne différaient pas sur plantes abrasées, précédemment exposées ou témoin. Dans ces 2 lots, les densités d'acariens étainet plus élevées que dans les 4 autres, où l'abrasion et l'exposition antérieure étaient efficaces, bien ce que les raisons de cette discordance soient inconnues. L'induction de la résistance par une abrasion mécanique montre que la réaction n'est pas provoquée seulement par quelque facteur spécifique pour les acariens, mais par une réponse générale aux blessures.相似文献
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昆虫趋光性及其机理的研究进展 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
依据目前已有资料 ,从行为学、生理学及田间应用调查等方面概述了近几十年昆虫趋光性的国内外研究进展。其中 ,行为学与生理学研究较多 ,且两者结果基本一致 ,相互补充 ,为趋光性机制的假说提供了可靠的依据。关于昆虫趋光性机制的假说较多 ,其中报道较多的是光干扰假说、光定向行为假说和生物天线假说 3种 ,现在较为普遍接受的是前两者。光干扰假说是指刺眼作用干扰昆虫的正常活动导致趋光 ,而光定向行为假说则指昆虫趋光是由于光定向行为所致 相似文献
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本论文研究了抗虫又抗除草剂棉花对草甘膦的耐受程度,比较了这一双抗性状的棉花与单抗虫棉的抗虫效果。结果表明,抗虫又抗除草剂棉花对草甘膦有较好的耐受性,四叶期喷施草甘膦后抗虫抗除草剂棉花可以安全生长,蕾期喷施草甘膦对棉花的开花率和结铃率有影响。抗虫又抗除草剂棉花和单抗虫棉对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)均具有较好的防治效果,苗期棉花叶片对棉铃虫防治效果最好,后期防治效果下降到49.2%和46.6%,吐絮期防治效果又上升到57.0%和53.1%。 相似文献
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生防菌诱导植物系统抗性及其生化和细胞学机制 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
生防菌通常可利用竞争、抗生、寄生和交叉保护等直接的拮抗机制抑制植物病害;同时某些生防菌还能促进植物生长,诱导植物对真菌、细菌和病毒引起的病害乃至对线虫和昆虫为害的抗性,称为诱导系统抗性(ISR).ISR具有非特异性、广谱性和系统性,其在表型上与病原菌侵染激发的系统获得抗性(SAR)相似,具有同样的效率;但在寄主植物上不发生过敏性坏死反应(HR),无可见症状,为发展和改善更加安全而环境友好的植物保护策略开辟了新的思路.本文总结了生防真菌和细菌诱导系统抗性及其激发子和信号转导途径等方面的研究进展,重点阐述了寄主防御反应的生化和细胞学机制,并对ISR在植物病害生物防治中的应用前景进行了展望. 相似文献
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A clear definition of induced disease resistance is lacking, even though the area has been extensively researched and described. The lack of a precise definition leads to potential confusion on whether an underlying mechanism for biological control is induced resistance. We propose definitions, which were developed at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on biological control, for induced disease resistance and related terms. These definitions are intended to invoke debate and increase effective communication among investigators of induced resistance. 相似文献