Subspecies names from Berher,La flore des Vosges (1887)

Subspecies names have been studied from the nomenclaturally omitted bookBerher, La flore des vosges, 1887. A commented enumeration containing 107 names published in that book has been comiled. 41 subspecies names have been examined in more detail. Thirteen ofBerher's subspecific combinations may be employed in present taxonomic classifications. Nine ofBerher's names determine priority of the relevant subspecific epithets (parabasionyms). Two new nomenclatural combinations are proposed:Acetosa alpina subsp.amplexicaulis andBetula alba subsp.glutinosa. More detailed attention has been paid to the problems of names in the group ofRumex arifolius.     

Invalidly published names inJanchen's “Catalogus florae Austriae”: Survey,analysis, and notes

Names of species and subspecies fromJanchen's Catalogus were revised with regard to their validity; invalidly published names were compiled in a commented list of 120 names. About sixty of them were analyzed at length from nomenclatural and taxonomical viewpoints. The cause of the invalidity of these names were discussed; omission of citations of basionyms to proposals of new nomenclatural combinations is the main reason for the invalidity ofJanchen's names. Taxonomic reclassifications and nomenclatural revisions resulted in 23 new nomenclatural combinations, five of these proposals representing direct validations ofJanchen's invalidly published names. Some more general problems of nomenclature are discussed: indirect validation of invalidly published names; omission of infraspecific homonymy; the correctness and necessity to attach neglected authors' names to the names of plants based on those names distinctly taken over from such authors; problems of autonyms in the ICBN Code. The use of the category “convarietas” in cultivated plants (instead of subspecies) is emphasized. Names validated byJanchen himself in his paper of 1959 should be used with this publication place instead of their invalid publication in the Catalogus. Some propositions for future research by other authors are also added.     

Reclassifications and new names for some European Phanerogams

On the basis of taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions of various plant groups 37 new nomenclatural combinations are proposed mostly for European phanerogamous taxa (21 for species, 14 for subspecies, 2 for hybrids.)Medicula Medicus,Pseudofumaria Medicus andThlasidia Rafin. are accepted as taxonomically justified genera and correct generic names.Dactylorhiza longebracteata (F. W. Schmidt)Holub is proposed instead ofD. fuchsii (Druce) Soó, andHylotelephium triphyllum (Haworth) Holub isstead ofH. purpureum (L.)Holub.     

Phytosociological nomenclature and typification of names of heathland syntaxa from W Europe (classCalluno-Ulicetea)

The correct names, author citations and nomenclatural types of the syntaxa names are established for the principal ranks above the association. These syntaxa areUlicion minoris Malcuit 1929,Ericion umbellatae Br.-Bl., P. Silva, Rozeira etFontes 1952,Genisto-Vaccinion Br.-Bl. 1926,Ulicetalia minoris Quantin 1935 andCalluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. etR. Tx. 1943     

New names inPhanerogamae 3

New nomenclatural combinations are proposed, resulting from the adoption of a narrower concept of the generic classification unit or from necessary changes of the taxonomic rank in several taxa. A new genus—Anemonidium (Spach)Holub—is proposed inRanunculaceae. Four genera are accepted, includingChamaepitys Hill (Ajuga L. p. p.),Cota J. Gay (Anthemis L. p. p.),Euchiton Cass. (Gnaphalium L. p. p.) andRostraria Trin. (Koeleria Pers. p. p.+Trisetum Pers. p. p.).Genistella Ortega is preferred toChamaespartium Adans. In all 95 new combinations are proposed (83 for species, 11 for subspecies, 1 for a variety), including 21 inCota, 13 inRostraria, 11 inChamaepitys and 10 inEuchiton.     

Further taxonomic notes onRubiaceae in Europe

Several new names and combinations of EuropeanRubiaceae, i.e.Galium andCruciata, are proposed. The nomenclatorial interpretation ofGalium saxatile L. (=G. harcynicum Weigel) andG. megalospermum All. (=G. helveticum Weigel) is clarified. Among important publications from the year 1806Willdenow, Sp. Pl.4(2) has priority overSibthorp etSmith, Prodr. Fl. Graec.1 (part 1).     

New nomenclatural combinations inCentaureinae (Asteraceae)

New nomenclatural combinations are proposed for species of the following genera:Acosta Adans. (37),Colymbada Hill em. Holub (44),Cyanus Mill. (2) andJacea Mill. (3), altogether 86 new combinations.     

Some new nomenclatural combinations I

Twenty new nomenclatural combinations are proposed for various taxa.Haloscias Fries 1846 (aff.Ligusticum L. 1753),Hylebia (Koch)Fourr. 1868 (aff.Stellaria L. 1753) andStuckenia Börner 1912 (aff.Potamogeton L. 1753) are accepted as separate genera,Acetosella (Meisn.)Fourr. 1869 is included inAcetosa Mill. 1754.     

Validation of generic names inLycopodiaceae: with a description of a new genusPseudolycopodiella

Four earlier proposed and invalidly published generic names ofLycopodiaceae are validated:Lateristachys (type:Lycopodium laterale R. Br.),Lycopodiastrum (type:Lycopodium casuarinoides Spring),Pseudodiphasium (type:Lycopodium volubile G. Forster) andPseudolycopodium (type:Pseudolycopodium densum (Rothm.) Holub). A new genusPseudolycopodiella (type:Lycopodium carolinianum L.) is described. New nomenclatural combinations are proposed for 17 species of these genera and ofLycopodiella.     

Some taxonomic changes withinLycopodiales

Some taxonomic and nomenclatural problems withinLycopodiales are discussed. InHyperzia Bernh. three subgenera have been distinguished, one of them described as a new one. With regard to a separate position ofLycopodium sect.Magellanica B. Øllgaard, a new genusAustrolycopodium Holub was proposed, comprising eight species mostly from the Southern Hemisphere. An analysis of the validity of the generic nameDiphasium C. Presl 1845 was carried out with an affirmative result. Six names for infrageneric taxa ofHuperzia and 44 new combinations for species have been proposed; in addition to those ofAustrolycopodium (8) they refer mainly toHuperzia (22) andPalhinhaea (9).     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 5.Septonema,Hormiactella andLylea

Three genera of lignicolousHyphomycetes Septonema Corda,Hormiactella Saac. andLylea Morgan-Jones are discussed. Illustrations and determination keys are provided. Five species ofSeptonema—S. fasciculare (Corda) Hughes,S. leptaleum (Ellis & Harkn.) Hughes,S. pinicola Hol.-Jech.,S. secedens Corda andS. laricium Hol.-Jech.—and two species ofHormiactella—H. fusca (Preuss) Sacc. andH. asetosa Hol.-Jech.—have been found in Czechoslovakia. A new speciesS. pseudobinum Hol.-Jech. is described from Romania.Septonema tetracoilum (Corda Hughes is accommodated in the genusLylea Morgan-Jones.     

New names inPhanerogamae 2

New nomenclatural combinations are proposed, necessitated mostly by the adoption of a narrower concept of the generic classificatory unit or, in some cases, by necessary changes of the taxonomic rank in several taxa. Explanatory comments on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems are provided in the following genera:Aegonychon S. F. Gray (Lithospermum L. p.p.),Anemonastrum Holub andAnemonoides Mill. (Anemone L. p.p.),Bromopsis Fourr. (=Bromus L. p.p.),Calathiana Delarbre (Gentiana L. p.p.),Calcitrapoides Fabr. (Centaurea L. p.p.),Ciminalis Adans. (Gentiana L. p.p.),Pistolochia Bernh. (Corydalis Vent. p.p.),Psyllium Mill. (Plantago L. p.p.) andTephroseris (Reichenb.)Reichenb. (Senecio L. p.p.). In all 300 new combinations are proposed, including 17 inAnemonastrum, 32 inAnemonoides, 70 inBromopsis, 13 inCalathiana, 13 inCalcitrapoides, 29 inPistolochia, 40 inTephroseris and 25 inXanthoxalis.     

New names inPhanerogamae 6

94 new nomenclatural combinations are proposed, resulting mostly from the study of taxonomic problems on the generic level. The reasons for the acceptance of the generic rank are given in the case ofAcetosa, Pulegium and of some sections ofOrobanche s. l. andSilene s. l. The taxonomic rank ofGentiana blepharophora Bordzi?. from the Caucasus has been revised and the taxon is classified as a subspecies ofGentianopsis ciliata. Nomenclatural problems of not numbered “species” inHoffmann's “Flora Deutschlands” from 1800 are demonstrated on the example ofArmeria elongata.     

Index of names of syntaxa typified in 1994

Following the “Index of new names” (Theurillat & Moravec 1998), the present work collects the names of syntaxa (in the sense of the Code of phytosociological nomenclature,Barkman et al. 1986) above subassociation rank typified in 1994. The list comprises 101 names of syntaxa; three names are added to the Index 1992 (Theurillat & Moravec 1995).     

Mortality factors of satin moth,Leucoma salicis [Lep.: Lymantriidae], in aspen forests in Maine

Natural control agents of the satin moth,Leucoma salicis (L.) were examined in 2Populus grandidentata Michaux stands. Highest mortality occurred in overwintering larvae, with the causal agents 2 fungi,Paecilomyces sp. andHirsutella gigantea Petch, a factor causing death symptomatic of a pathogen, the parasiteEupteromalis hemipterus (Walker) and death from unknown causes. Mortality fromPaecilomyces sp. andE. hemipterus was reduced where overwintering sites were covered with burlap cloth. Parasites recovered from larvae and pupae included the braconidsApanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) andMeteorus versicolor (Wesmeal), the ichneumonidCoccygomimus pedalis (Cresson), the tachinidsCompsilura concinnata (Meigen),Carcelia laxifrons Villeneuve,Tachinomyia variata Curran, and the sarcophagidsSarcophaga aldrichi Parker andAgria housei Shewell. Larval and pupal predators included the carabidCalosoma frigidum Kirby, pentatomids, and birds, particularly black-billed cuckoos,Coccyzus erythrophthaimus (Wilson). Eggs were parasitized by the scelionidTelenomus prob.californicus Ashmead and the trichogrammidTrichogramma minutum (Riley). Predators of adult satin moths included the hermit thrush,Hylocichla guttata (Pallas), and pentatomid bugs.     

A revision ofTaraxacum sect.Piesis (Compositae)

On the basis of allozyme and cultivation data, and of additional herbarium material, a taxonomic and nomenclatural revision ofTaraxacum sect.Piesis A.J. Richards exKirschner et?těpánek is provided. The section is made up of halophilous, sexually reproducing taxa. InT. stenocephalum Boiss. etKotschy,T. pindicum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., andT. perenne Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a tetraploid chromosome number has been recorded, representing the only known case of sexuality at the tetraploid level in the genus. The complex ofT. stenocephalum, includes some geographically and morphologically extreme populations treated as subspecies: subsp.gumusanicum (Soest)Kirschner et?těpánek, comb. nov., subsp.magnum Kirschner et?těpánek, subsp. nov., and subsp.daralagesicum (Schischk.)Kirschner et?těpánek, comb. nov. In addition toT. bessarabicum (Hornem.)Hand.-Mazz., a widely distributed Eurasian species,T. stenocephalum, a complex centred in Transcaucasia and Anatolia, andT. pachypodum H. Lindb., a North African endemic, four new species are described:T. salsum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a diploid endemic confined to E Crimea,T. perenne Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a tetraploid sexual species known only from SW Crimea,T. pindicum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a remarkable tetraploid endemic to the Pindos Mts., Greece, andT. salsitatis Kirschner, ?těpänek etYirdirimli, sp. nov., an Anatolian diploid species. Furthermore, a hybrid betweenT. salsum andT. bessarabicum from Crimea (documented on the basis of allozyme data elsewhere) is given a binomial,T. xmesohalobium Kirschner et?těpánek, nothosp. nov.     

Fallopia Adans. 1763 instead ofBilderdykia Dum. 1827

The generic nameFallopia Adans. 1763 is analysed from the point of view of its taxonomic identily and typified byPolygonum scandens L. 1753. By this typification it is taxonomically identical withBilderdykia Dum. 1827 and must replace that name. The genusFallopia Adans. is defined by comparison with related genera; it includes 9 species in two sections, and 1 hybrid; new nomenclatural combinations are proposed for these taxa.     

On the Emsian (Lower Devonian) arthropods of the Rhenish Slate Mountains: 2. The synziphosurineWillwerathia

Willwerathia laticeps (Størmer 1936) originally described as a eurypterid is reinterpreted as a synziphosurine belonging to Family WeinberginidaeRichter &Richter 1929. Recently collected material from the locality, from which the destroyed holotype comes, suggests thatWillwerathia possessed ten opisthosomal tergites, deduced from all available arrays of disarticulates.Willwerathia is the largest synziphosurine yet discovered with a carapace approximately 90 mm across. The occurrence of synziphosurines with eurypterids mirrors previously described preservational associations.