Nomenclatural remarks on the Salix viminalis group in Norden

Larsson, G. 1995. Nomenclatural remarks on the Salix viminalis group in Norden. —Nord. J. Bot. 15: 343–346. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–05513.
The taxa in the Salix viminalis group which have been found in Norden are lectotyp-ified: S. viminalis, S. dasyclados, S . x smithiana, S . x stipularis and S . x calodendron . Flora Nordica notes no. 12.     

Nomenclatural aspects of Oxalis section Corniculatae in Europe

WATSON, M. F., 1989. Nomenclatural aspects of Oxalis section Corniculatae in Europe.
An account of the written history of Oxalis section Corniculatae in Europe is presented. The existing typifications of 0. corniculata L. and 0. stricta L. are reviewed. A new lectotype of 0. corniculala is designated by material in the Burser herbarium (UPS).     

Preliminary remarks on Orthodontium in Europe

Abstract

The recent discovery of an Orthodontium form in two localities in Holland led us to a revision of the species concerned, viz. the species published for Europe and the type-species of the genus, O. lineare Schwaegr. It has been shown that O. gracile var. heterocarpum Wats. agrees in nearly all characters with O. lineare. Consequently the name of the variety is regarded as synonym of the type-species. O. germanicum F. W. & K. Koppe also appears to belong here. O. gracile Schwaegr. ex Br. & Schimp., however, is distinct in some important characters and is retained as a separate species. The French O. Gaumei Allorge & Thériot is markedly distinct from the other European species but is closely related to the Asiatic O. infractum. The distribution of the three species is discussed.     

Nomenclatural notes on some species of Solanum L. found in Europe

The nomenclatural changes which have become necessary for several species belonging to Solanum section Solanum since they were revised during the preparation of Flora Europaea are given and discussed. S. villosum is now recognized as the correct name for S. luteum , and this has necessitated a new combination for the eglandular subspecies of this taxon, namely, S. villosum Miller subsp. puniceum (Kirschleger) Edmonds. The two species were described simultaneously by Miller, and the precedence of the epithet villosum over the epithet luteum is fully discussed, together with the reasons for the selection of puniceum as the second subspecific name. The species previously referred to as S. melanocerasum is now known to be synonymous with S. scabrum , while S. chenopodioides becomes the correct name for S. sublobatum. Complete lists of synonyms are given for these three species, together with extensive notes on the more controversial and difficult synonymy. Finally, reasons are given to justify the spelling of S. sarrachoides with two r's.     

Summer floods shape meadow butterfly communities in a floodplain nature reserve in Central Europe

How flooding regimes shape temperate-zone butterfly communities has received little attention. At the river Danube in eastern Austria, a levee has largely interrupted natural river dynamics since the late nineteenth century. Only a fraction of the floodplain area still experiences annual summer inundations after snow-melt in the Alps. We surveyed meadow butterfly communities on either side of the levee in a year with an unusually strong flood (2013), and in a season with a weak flood typical for the region (2012). Altogether we observed 67 butterfly species. Butterfly abundance and species richness were lower on meadows with stronger flood impact, but differences were modest. In contrast, species composition differed prominently relative to flooding regime and nectar availability. Grass-feeding species tended to be rarer on flooded meadows, while Brassicaceae-feeding species were more prevalent on nutrient-rich flood-prone meadows. Highly dispersive butterflies made up a larger share on flooded meadows, whereas highly philopatric species were relatively more common at sites with little or no inundation. These results indicate that summer inundations at the river Danube act as filters for the local species composition of butterflies on floodplain meadows. Local resource availability and the differential potential of species to re-colonize meadows after catastrophic floods are likely drivers of these differences. Effects of inundations were not consistently stronger in a year of a catastrophic flood than in a normal season. Butterfly communities on non-flooded meadows had a higher regional conservation value.     

Nomenclatural remarks and typification of Dasya species (Dasyaceae,Rhodophyta) from the western Mediterranean

New data on synonymy and typification of Dasya species of the western Mediterranean are provided, including: D. baillouviana (S. G. Gmel.) Mont., D. corymbifera J. Agardh, D. hutchinsiae Harv., D. ocellata (Gratel.) Harv., D. rigescens Zanardini, D. rigidula (Kütz.) Ardiss., D. sessilis Yamada and D. punicea (Zanardini) Menegh. in Zanardini. Data on synonymy and a brief nomenclatural story are shown for each species, a lectotype and a neotype are selected respectively for D. rigidula and D. punicea and clarification of neotype designation is discussed for D. corymbifera.     

Some critical remarks on the problem of HLA association with disease

The results concerning the association of HLA antigens with ITP, pernicious anaemia, hemangiomas and Alzheimer's disease are compared with those of other authors and the causes for differences are discussed. The different number of examined patients does not seem to be the main cause of those differences. Selecting of the correct method for statistical evaluation and the differences in the criteria for diagnosing the disease are more important. The unsubstantial differences in the homogeneity of the patients group and controls are negligible.     

Syntaxonomy of the Onopordum acanthium communities in temperate and continental Europe

Ruderal communities dominated by Onopordum acanthium are encountered in those regions of Europe with a dry and continental climate. Variability in the climate and local phytogeography within these regions is reflected in the floristic variability of the communities studied. A floristic cline within the communities was summarised by means of multivariate classification and ordination methods. Two associations distributed in temperate Europe and belonging to the Onopordetalia, the Onopordetum acanthii s.str. and Carduo acanthoidis-Onopordetum acanthii, were distinguished; The Carduo acanthoidis-Onopordetum is varied and occurs in several geographic races and sub-races. The Onopordetum acanthii s.str. is confined to deep inner-montane valleys with a continental climate. The other Onopordum acanthium communities described from Spain belong to the Scolymo hispanici-Onopordetalia nervosi.Abbreviations CA = correspondence analysis - CLC = complete linkage clustering     

Phytogeographical and ecological aspects of Lobarion communities in Europe

ROSE, F., 1988. Phytogeographical and ecological aspects of Lobarion communities in Europe. The Lobarion communities in Europe are reviewed on the basis of field surveys by the author from south-west Norway to the Pyrenees, Tuscany and Austria. Lobarion communities are still widespread in most montane forests, but in the lowlands are now largely restricted to the Atlantic coastal zone, evidently through forest management practices and air pollution. Evidence for the decline is discussed and causes are reviewed. The major species occurring in these communities in different regions of Europe are tabulated and this reveals interesting geographical patterns. The alliance is appropriately divided into three associations, one being newly proposed here for southern European communities with species drawn from the Xanthorion.     

Nomenclatural status of the fish names created by J. C. van Hasselt (1823) and of some cobitoid genera

The nomenclatural status of the 16 genera and 42 species of fishes described by van Hasselt is reviewed. One genus is preoccupied and 4 genera and 26 species are nomina nuda. The status of some cobitoid generic names is reviewed with greater details:Noemacheilus van Hasselt is a nomen nudum;Acantophthalmus van Hasselt is a junior synonym ofCobitis Linnaeus andAcanthophthalmus Bleeker is an incorrect spelling; the fishes usually calledAcanthophthalmus arePangio Blyth;Acanthopsis Bleeker is an incorrect spelling ofAcantopsis van Hasselt;Acanthopsis Agassiz is valid and its type species isA. angustus Agassiz.     

中国外来入侵植物的学名考证

基于中国外来入侵植物的相关报道和文献,发现一些入侵植物的学名使用比较混乱,一个物种存在两个或两个以上的名称。依据最新植物志资料,对国内30种外来人侵植物学名进行了考证,包括中名、基名（若存在）、异名、原产地以及在中国的分布等。     

Foraging habitats of Myotis emarginatus in Central Europe

We radio-tracked Myotis emarginatus in Upper Bavaria, Germany to identify the key-foraging habitats and to enable an adequate habitat management for this endangered species. The studied females foraged at a distance of up to 8.1 km around their colony roost. The average distance of the foraging area was 3.7 km, where 70% of foraging areas were located within a distance of 5 km and 90% within 6 km of the nurseries. Moreover, these bats spent about 75% of their foraging time within 5 km and 85% within a 6-km radius. To reach the foraging areas, the bats usually used riparian woodlands, hedges and tree lines as flight paths. Specifically, 46.9% of the foraging areas were located in forests, 24.5% in cow sheds, 18.4% in riparian woodlands along streams and 10.2% in fields, villages, orchards, hedges and groves on open land. On average, the bats foraged in forests for 56.2% of the time, during which habitat allocation was possible. In cow sheds the percentage was 29.2%, in riparian deciduous woodland 11.5% and in the other habitats 3.1%. Within forests M. emarginatus avoided foraging in spruce monocultures. Pure stands of spruce covered 45% of the total forest area, but only 10% of the foraging areas were located in this forest type. Deciduous forests on the other hand were much more common as foraging sites (40% versus 11%). Therefore, the availability of native deciduous forest and of fly-infested stables within a radius of 6 km around the colony roosts should be the focus of conservation concepts for M. emarginatus.     

Phytosociological and geographical survey of Mesohromion communities in Western Europe

A survey is given of the floristic composition and geographical distribution of limestone grasslands assigned to the Mesobromion ereeti, in Western Europe.This survey is based upon 800 vegetation relevés from various investigators throughout the area. Relevant tables have been summarized into a synoptic table with 30 columns. Each column represents a community described as an association or a subassociation.The synoptic table shows a division into a NW European group (Ireland, England, Denmark, and South Sweden) and a Central-W European group (Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, and Switzerland). Associations belonging to the former have, as a rule, a smaller distribution area than the latter.In the latter group only two associations can be distinguished: Mesobrometum erecti and Antherico-Brometum ass. nov. The Mesobrometum is widespread and includes many subassociations. The Antherico-Brometum shows a transition towards the Xerobromion erecti.According to Barkman et al., (1976) the often used name Gentiano-Koelerietum has to be seen as a not-correct synonym for the Mesobrometum erecti.The Mesobromion grasslands can, in general, not be divided based upon their agricultural management system.An attempt is made to interpret the gradual transition in floristic composition of the limestone grasslands from NW to SE, with climatological data.Plant nomenclature follows Heukels & Van Ooststroom (1975) or, else, Clapham et al. (1968) for phanerogams and Vander Wijk et al. (1969) for bryophytes.I am much indebted to Prof. Dr. J. J. Barkman, who encouraged me to tackle the present study and stimulated me throughout its duration.     

Dynamics of benthic communities in the Central Depression of the Barents Sea

Based on the data collected in five marine expeditions of the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute from 2002 through 2007, the spatial and temporary variability of benthic communities in the Central Depression of the Barents Sea (licensed plot of the Shtokmanovskoe condensed gas deposit) has been analyzed. The range of quantitative characteristics and the variability of species composition of deep-water zoobenthos have been determined. The influence of an insignificant change in the collecting method on the obtained results has been examined.     

Mongol names in the nomenclatural designations of the fossil Cenozoic fauna and flora of Central Asia

Mongol names and toponyms are most often used by paleontologists for designation of new forms of fossil fauna and flora from the Cenozoic of Central Asia.     

Digital dermatoglyphics in two Afro-American communities of Central America

The present report provides analytical data of digital dermatoglyphics on 150 subjects (79 males, 71 females) from Bluefields, Nicaragua and 146 (98 males, 48 females) from Livingston, Guatemala. They were classified as belonging to three sub-samples: Negroes (Bluefields) or Black-Caribs (Livingston), Ladinos and Creoles. However due to the very small size of some sub-samples, the findings, related to brief demographical and ethno-historical perspectives, were compared, for Pattern Intensity Index and Total Finger Ridge Count, with those of other human groups. Statistically significant differences occur between Negroes (Bluefields) and Black-Caribs (Livingston) but no sharp differences were found within the other sub-samples. Because the literature doesn't contain dermatoglyphic data for the Afro-American Communities spread over the Atlantic coast of Middle America, from Belize to Panama, and really few data have been collected regarding other anthropological observations, large gaps remain to be filled about these interesting inbreeding populations. It is right to remark that an investigation oriented to a population mixture study necessitates the collection of more dermatoglyphic data before the dermatoglyphic results can be properly evaluated.     

Root system variability in common legumes in Central Europe

The aim of this study was to provide an overview of field measured root systems of common legume species growing under different environmental conditions in the Czech Republic. The plants, 214 individuals of 21 selected legume species from the tribes Galegeae (Astragalus glycyphyllos, Lupinus polyphyllus), Genisteae (Cytisus scoparius, Genista tinctoria), Loteae (Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Securigera varia), Trifolieae (Trifolium arvense, T. campestre, T. medium, T. pratense, T. repens) and Vicieae (Lathyrus pratensis, L. sylvestris, Vicia angustifolia, V. cracca, V. hirsuta), were collected using the monolith method from 27 sites.