湖南张家界国家森林公园土壤中的暗色丝孢菌

自湖南张家界国家森林公园采集的15份土样中,分离获得32个暗色丝孢菌分离物,经鉴定分别属于15属中的19个种。其中,湖南小带孢Taeniolella hunanensis为一新种,昏暗色串孢Torula caligans和小孢维郎那霉Veronaea parvispora为中国新记录种。对其它16个中国已报道种亦作了分离生境的引证。研究过的标本(干制培养物)与活菌种存放在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

Kakaducaris glabra gen. nov., sp. nov., a new freshwater shrimp from the Kakadu National Park,Northern Territory,Australia, Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae with the designation of a new subfamily Kakaducaridinae

A new species of palaemonid shrimp from the Northern Territory Kakadu National Park is described and illustrated. Kakaducaris glabra, gen, nov., sp. nov., can not be satisfactorily referred to the described subfamilies of the Palaemonidae and a new subfamily Kakaducaridinae is designated (see addendum).     

Artabotrys manoranjanii sp. nov. (Annonaceae) from the Andaman Islands,India

Artabotrys manoranjanii M. V. Ramana, J. Swamy & K. C. Mohan (Annonaceae), a new species from the foot hills of Saddle Peak National Park, north Andaman Islands, is described and illustrated. Its fleshy petals and prominent stigmas, distinguish it from all previously known species. Its affinity with A. parkinsonii Chatterjee, a Myanmar species, and A. grandiflorus King, a species from Malayan peninsula, is deliberated.     

Cardicola opisthorchis n. sp. (Trematoda: Aporocotylidae) from the Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844), cultured in Japan

A new aporocotylid blood fluke is described, based on specimens from the ventricle of the Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis (Temminck et Schlegel), cultured in Wakayama and Nagasaki Prefectures, Japan. The new species is morphologically similar to the members of the genus Cardicola Short, 1953, but shows distinct differences in the body form, location of the testis and the orientation of the ootype. The body of the new species is long and slender, whereas other Cardicola species are small and generally lanceolate. The testis is mostly located posterior to the caeca and anterior to the ovary, occupying 31–45% of body length, in contrast to the known Cardicola species, whose testis is typically intercaecal. The ootype is oriented anteriorly, while in most congeners, it is directed posteriorly or horizontally. Phylogenetic analyses of this aporocotylid, together with Cardicola orientalis Ogawa, Tanaka, Sugihara et Takami, 2010 from the same host, were conducted based on DNA sequences of the ITS2 rDNA and the 28S region of ribosomal RNA. The analyses revealed that the new blood fluke belongs to the genus Cardicola despite the marked morphological differences. Thus, this aporocotylid is named Cardicola opisthorchis n. sp. and the generic diagnosis is emended in this paper. In addition, 100% identity among the ITS2 sequences from the present species, Cardicola sp. from T. orientalis in Mexico and Cardicola sp. from the northern bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus) in Spain suggests that C. opisthorchis n. sp. has a broad geographical distribution and that it infects both the Pacific and northern bluefin tuna.     

Epistemma neuerburgii (Apocynaceae, Periplocoideae): A new epiphytic species from Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda, Africa

A new species, Epistemma neuerburgii is described. This species was discovered in the Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda, Tropical Africa during a field investigation of epiphytes in montane rainforest. It was, however, also found in Uganda, in similar environment. E. neuerburgii is the fourth species described for Epistemma, but the other three species are found about 2000 km to the west in Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast and Nigeria. E. neuerburgii is an epiphytic climber distinguished by fairly large lanceolate leaves and conspicuous reddish-purple flowers with corolline white, densely hairy corona lobes.     

Eodiaptomus phuphanensis n. sp., a New Freshwater Copepod (Calanoida: Diaptomidae) from the Phu Phan National Park,Thailand

Eodiaptomus phuphanensis n. sp. is described from two localities in the Phu Phan National Park, northeast Thailand. The new species is the eighth member of the genus Eodiaptomus and the third species recorded from Thailand. It belongs to the lumholtzi‐group, and is most closely related to E. sanoamuangae Reddy and Dumont , 1998. The third endopodite‐segment of P2‐P4 in both sexes of E. phuphanensis n. sp. bears seven setae as in E. sanoamuangae, instead of six as in the remaining species of the genus. Nevertheless, the new species can be distinguished from the other congeners by the distinct shape of the endopodite of the male right P5 and the absence of hairs on lateral margins of the female caudal rami.     

Two New Rhabdocoels (Platyhelminthes) from the Peruvian Amazon Floodplain

Two new Rhabdocoel species from the Peruvian Amazonia are described: Sergia calae n. sp. (Dalyelliidae) and Mesostoma ucamara n. sp. (Typhloplanidae). Both species were captured in the Pacaya-Samiria National Park, Loreto, Peru, with plankton-nets dragged several times through the abundant littoral floating plant-community. This is the first record of micro-turbellarians in this region. The discovery of these new species in the Pacaya-Samiria National Park suggests the high diversity of this area, which up to now has remained largely unknown, increases the general knowledge of the fauna of Neotropical turbellarians.     

Opalinidae (Sarcomastigophora) in North American Amphibia. GenusProtoopalina Metcalf, 1918

During 1992, 83 specimens of North American Amphibia from Algonquin Park and Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and from El Paso County, Texas USA, comprising 14 species in seven families, were checked for opalinids in the cloaca.Protoopalina allisteri n. sp. is described from oneGastrophryne carolinensis (Microhylidae) from Arkansas andP. mitotica was found in one of fourScaphiopus multiplicatus (Pelobatidae) from Texas. The North American species ofProtoopalina are reviewed.Zelleriella ovoidea (Metcalf, 1923) is proposed as a new combination forP. ovoidea.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lecomtedoxa plumosa</Emphasis> (Sapotaceae), a new tree species from Korup National Park,Cameroon

Summary   Lecomtedoxa plumosa Burgt (Sapotaceae), a new tree species from the southern part of Korup National Park in Cameroon, is described and illustrated. The flowers show the characteristics of the genus Lecomtedoxa: for example the staminodes are free and placed alternately to the stamens and corolla lobes. The leaves of the new species are clearly different from other Lecomtedoxa spp., but they look similar to the leaves of Gluema ivorensis, especially to those of the collections from Cameroon. In total 26 trees ≥ 10 cm dbh were found. The largest trees found were 36 m high and 74 cm dbh. The trees grow in primary rain forest, in clusters of up to 10 trees on 2 ha, mixed with many other tree species. The seed dispersal is ballistic. The conservation status of the species is assessed as Endangered, EN D.     

Paracapillaria epinepheli n. sp. (Nematoda: Capillariidae) from the red grouper Epinephelus morio (Pisces) from Mexico

A new nematode species, Paracapillaria epinepheli, is described from the stomach of the marine fish Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes), the red grouper, (Serranidae, Perciformes) from coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico in Yucatan, southeastern Mexico. It is characterised mainly by its small body (body length of male and female 2.73–3.22 mm and 5.94–6.35 mm, respectively), number (31–36) and structure of the stichocytes, length of the spicule (0.180–0.195 mm), structure of the male caudal bursa (considerably reduced), structure and size of the eggs (size 0.057–0.063 × 0.027–0.030 mm), and by their site within the host. It is the second Paracapillaria species known to occur in the marine and estuarine fishes of the Gulf of Mexico.     

Strzeleckia major n. g., n. sp. and S. minor n. sp. (Digenea: Hasstilesiidae) from Antechinus swainsonii (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) in Australia

Strzeleckia major n. g., n. sp. and S. minor n. sp. are described from the dusky antechinus Antechinus swainsonii (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) from the Kosciusko National Park in southern New South Wales, Australia. The two species were found together in the same individual host animals but occupy different sites in the intestine. The new genus is placed within the Hasstilesiidae, where it differs from the only other genus, Hasstilesia, by being more elongate and in having larger suckers, tandem testes, the ovary between rather than opposite the testes, and in having the caeca not reaching the posterior end of the body. It is suggested that the life-cycles of these species are similar to those of other hasstilesiids. Pupillid snails may act as sole intermediate hosts.     

Variation in DNA microsatellites of the ferruginous pygmy-owl (Glaucidium brasilianum)

Eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to assess genetic variation in the ferruginous pygmy owl (Glaucidium brasilianum) from North America. Analysis of genotypic variation suggests restricted gene flow between pygmy-owl populations in Arizona-Sonora and Sinaloa, and Texas and the remaining states in Mexico. The Arizona-Sonora population showed signs of a recent genetic bottleneck, an observation supported by low population estimates for Arizona (13–117 individuals). Heterozygosity in Arizona, however, was equal to levels recorded throughout Mexico and Texas. Congruent patterns revealed by nuclear (microsatellites) and mitochondrial DNA that indicate Arizona-Sonora and Texas populations are distinct from adjacent populations in Mexico, thus emphasizing need for the design and implementation of separate management plans for recovery and conservation efforts. Revealing evidence of distinct groups within the pygmy-owl populations in North America, results from this study may be used to make management decisions for the recovery and conservation of this species.     

Terrestrial Behavior of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ateles</Emphasis> spp

Spider monkeys (Ateles spp.) are well known for their highly arboreal lifestyle, spending much of their time in the highest levels of the canopy and rarely venturing to the ground. To investigate terrestriality by Ateles and to illuminate the conditions under which spider monkeys venture to the ground, we analyzed ad libitum data from 5 study sites, covering 2 species and 5 subspecies. Three of the sites are in Central/North America: Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama (Ateles geoffroyi panamensis), Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica (A. g. frontatus), and Punta Laguna, Mexico (A. g. yucatanensis). The 2 remaining sites are in South America: Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Perú (A. belzebuth chamek) and Yasuni National Park, Ecuador (A. b. belzebuth). Terrestrialism by Ateles at all sites is rare; however, it is more restricted at the 2 South American sites. In South America, ground use only occurred in the contexts of eating soil or rotten wood and visiting salt licks. In contrast at the 3 sites with Ateles geoffroyi it rarely occurred in a feeding context, but instead more frequently while drinking from streams during the dry season, by adult females escaping attack by adult males, and as part of a chase game. In addition, on BCI adult males were on the ground before attacking adult females. We discuss potential explanations, e.g., climate, species differences, predation pressure, for the differences between the Central/North and South American observations.     

Heterorhabditis sonorensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), a natural pathogen of the seasonal cicada Diceroprocta ornea (Walker) (Homoptera: Cicadidae) in the Sonoran desert

A new Heterorhabditis species was isolated from nymphal stages of the seasonal cicada Diceroprocta ornea (Walker) in an asparagus field in the state of Sonora, Mexico. Concomitantly, another isolate of the same nematode species was also collected from an oak woodland habitat in the Chiricahua mountain range in southeastern Arizona. Morphological and molecular studies together with cross-hybridization tests indicate these two isolates are conspecific and represent a new undescribed Heterorhabditis sp. This new species is distinguished from other species in this genus by a combination of several qualitative and quantitative morphological traits. Key diagnostic features include: presence of a pronounced post-anal swelling in the hermaphrodite; male with nine pairs of bursal rays, with pairs 4 and 7 bent outwards and one pair of papillae placed on the cloacal opening, value of D% (average: 79); infective juveniles with a well developed cuticular tooth, long tail (average: 105 μm) and values of D% (average: 90) and E% (average: 99). In addition to these diagnostic characters, cross-hybridization tests between the new species with H. bacteriophora and H. mexicana yielded no fertile progeny. Comparison of ITS rDNA sequences with other available sequences of described species depicted the two isolates as a new species. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequence data placed H. sonorensis n. sp. as a member of the indica-group.     

Taxonomy of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Koeberlinia</Emphasis> (Koeberliniaceae)

Koeberlinia has a natural amphitropical distribution that includes the deserts of central Bolivia, northern Mexico, and the southwestern United States. Despite the long recognition of only one species, K. spinosa, field, herbarium, and SEM studies support the recognition of two species. Koeberlinia spinosa of northern Mexico and adjacent United States is recognized to consist of three varieties: K. spinosa var. spinosa of northeastern Mexico and the adjacent United States, K. spinosa var. tenuispina of the Sonoran Desert of southwestern Arizona, adjacent California, and northwestern Mexico, and K. spinosa var. wivaggii from south central Texas and northern Mexico to Arizona, which is described as new. Koeberlina holacantha, endemic to the deserts of Bolivia, is proposed as new.