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介绍当代西方主流生命伦理学具有代表性的4种基本原则并对其进行理论分析和评价,进一步深入探讨在全球化的多元文化背景下当代中国生命伦理学发展的理论定位和实践应用中的问题和误区,发展具有中国特色的生命伦理学,为构建未来中国生命伦理学原则和实践提供理论借鉴。 相似文献
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转基因作物的产业化作为当前生命伦理学的重要问题之一日益受到我国学术界、政府和广大公众的关注。转基因作物产业化不仅关涉到我国13亿人的吃饭问题,也与我国公众的身心健康、基本权利密切相关。转基因作物产业化的生命伦理意蕴主要体现在:转基因作物产业化的基础是确保公众健康与生命安全,关键是尊重公众权利,核心是促进社会公正。 相似文献
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<正>自有人类以来,生物技术的发展就一直伴随着人类的进步。人类在不断适应或改变我们赖以生活的环境。人类运用自己创造的工具为居住、饮食、繁衍和生存改造我们的自然环境,这些均与对生命的认识和技术的运用相关。现代生物科技和医学的发展,在继续造福人类、增进人类的健康、延长人类寿命的同时,也提出了诸多棘手的两难问题,甚 相似文献
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生命伦理学是对生命科学和卫生保健领域中人类行为的系统研究,是用道德价值和原则检验此范围内人的行为。在中学生物学教学中开启生命伦理学教育可以使学生在知识、情感、态度、价值观等方面得到全面发展。开展教育的形式有两种,一是在有条件的学校设置专门的生命伦理学课程:二是在日常的教学中渗透生命伦理学的内涵。 相似文献
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生物工程的核心是通过人工操纵生物的遗传物质来改变和设计生物的结构和功能。它要解决的是“能不能够做到”的问题。当生物工程师在实验室操纵人类的基因和细胞时.人的生命结构和功能就可能被设计和改变。生物工程进一步的发展将面临对人类伦理和人性尊严的挑战。为此,我校在基础教育课程改革中,尝试在生物工程专业开设生命伦理学课程,使学生在掌握生物工程技术的基本知识、原理和能力的同时,树立正确的道德观和价值观。从而培养合格的生物工程产业人才,同时适应内蒙古自治区经济的发展,促进生物工程产业化的形成。 相似文献
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生命伦理学是20世纪60年代兴起于美国的一门新兴学科,旨在应对生命科学和生物技术的发展或医疗保健的演变使人类面临的种种伦理难题。生命伦理学的兴起有着特殊的社会历史背景。它在发展过程中出现的一些里程碑式的案例,对生命伦理学的发展产生了深远的影响。从其发展特征上看,生命伦理学和医学伦理学紧密联系,有着更为广泛的研究内容和独特的专业特性。生命伦理学要有效回应现代医学和生命科学的发展给人类带来的伦理难题,既要准确地界定伦理问题,又要以适当的方式将伦理学基础理论应用到具体问题当中。对生命伦理学的基本理论进行概述。 相似文献
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“脑死亡”引发的伦理学思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
脑死亡是本校高中2年级生命伦理学选修课的一节。此节涉及人们比较敏感的话题——死亡。介绍了脑死亡这一科学的定义和传统的死亡定义以及判定方式.讨论了由于对死亡的认识差异带来的伦理学问题。选取脑和神经系统的生物学基础知识和很多脑死亡案例作为学习内容和讨论对象,以师生互动和积极讨论为主要形式,学生积极参与思考和讨论,对脑死亡及其引发的伦理问题有了更科学和深入的认识。 相似文献
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1选题依据
人类基因组草图的测定引起了巨大的轰动,除了人类基因组计划本身巨大的科学价值之外,一个重要的原因就是它对伦理、法律和其他一些社会问题产生了深远的影响。比如,恋爱男女间、已婚夫妻间的基因隐私权与知情权的冲突;保险公司、用人单位、银行、学校、档案部门、公安机关等社会组织一旦知悉公民的基因信息是否会侵犯他们的隐私权? 相似文献
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Li EC 《Bioethics》2008,22(8):448-454
Historically, the preconditions for the emergence of bioethics in China. were political reforms and their applications. The Hanzhong Euthanasia Case and the publication of Qiu Ren-zong's academic work Bioethics played a significant role in the development of bioethics in China. Other contributory factors include the establishment of the Chinese Society of Medical Ethics/Chinese Medical Association (C.M.A), the publication of the Journal of Chinese Medical Ethics, and the teaching and education of bioethics in China. Major achievements of bioethics in China include the establishment of ethics committee and ethics review system, active international communication and cooperation among the academic circles, and the successful management of the 8th World Congress of Bioethics in Beijing in 2006. Chinese bioethics focus on native Chinese realities and conditions, absorb the international research achievements in relevant fields, and combine international ideas with traditional Chinese doctrines. Admittedly, there are still some aspects to be improved, yet bioethics has attracted a lot of attention from the core leadership in China and has gained sound financial support, which augers well for its further development. This article also briefly introduces the development of bioethics in Hong Kong and Taiwan, China. 相似文献
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The growing potential of biomedical technologies has increasingly been associated with discussions surrounding the ethical aspects of the new technologies in different societies. Advances in genetics, stem cell research and organ transplantation are some of the medical issues that have raised important ethical and social issues. Special attention has been paid towards moral ethics in Islam and medical and religious professions in Iran have voiced the requirement for an emphasis on ethics. In the last decade, great strides have been made in biomedical ethics, especially in the field of education, research and legislation. In this article, contemporary medical ethics in Iran, and the related moral philosophy, have been reviewed in brief and we have discussed some of the activities in the field of medical ethics that have been carried out in our country within recent years. These activities have included the establishment of the National and Regional Committees for Medical Research Ethics and the production of national codes of ethics in biomedical research in the 1990s and the introduction of a comprehensive strategic plan for medical ethics at the national level in 2002. This paper will discuss these issues, along with the production, in 2005, of the Specific National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research. 相似文献
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Bioethics, the term now usually standing in for Biomedical Ethics, is a field of medical anthropological engagement. While many anthropologists and other social scientists work with bioethicists and physicians, this paper instead takes Bioethics as a topic of cultural research from the perspective of Cultural Bioethics and Interpretive Medical Anthropology. Application of useful findings of vintage anthropological research in cultural anthropology and the anthropology of religion and an interpretive lens reveal a field without a single origin or unified methodology. The paper suggests the appropriateness of a literal meaning of current conceptual commonality of the term Bioethics: that the term does in fact refer to a plurality of distinct enterprises with distinct origins and, hence, justifications. 相似文献
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Parasitic diseases constitute the most common infections among the poorest billion people, entailing high mortality rates and leading to long-term infirmities and poverty. Although the setting-up of public health programs implies many ethical consequences, the range of specific questions in parasitology that can be attributed to bioethics remains, to a large extent, unexplored. From the present analysis, it emerged three main issues which characterize ethical stakes in parasitology: accounting the complexity of the field of intervention, putting the principle of justice into practice and managing the changing context of research. From the research angle, medical parasitology-mycology, as other biological disciplines, is undergoing tensions derived from biological reductionism. Thanks to its links with the history and philosophy of the sciences, bioethics can help to clarify them and to explain the growing hold that technologies have over scientific thinking. On the whole, researchers as well as clinicians are called on to assume a specific responsibility, proportional to their competence and their place in the making of scientific, health, economic and social decisions. 相似文献
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Academic freedom is an important good, but it comes with several responsibilities. In this commentary we seek to do two things. First, we argue against Francesca Minerva's view of academic freedom as presented in her article ‘New threats to academic freedom’ on a number of grounds. We reject the nature of the absolutist moral claim to free speech for academics implicit in the article; we reject the elitist role for academics as truth‐seekers explicit in her view; and we reject a possible more moderate re‐construction of her view based on the harm/offence distinction. Second, we identify some of the responsibilities of applied ethicists, and illustrate how they recommend against allowing for anonymous publication of research. Such a proposal points to the wider perils of a public discourse which eschews the calm and careful discussion of ideas. 相似文献
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MATTI HÄYRY 《Bioethics》2009,23(9):483-485
Ethics can be understood as a code of behaviour or as the study of codes of behaviour. While the mission of the International Association of Bioethics is a scholarly examination of moral issues in health care and the biological sciences, many people in the field believe that it is also their task to create new and better codes of practice. Both ways of doing bioethics are sound, but it is important to be aware of the distinction. In this paper, I will study the sources and aims of ethics and suggest a code of conduct for bioethicists based on recognition, responsibility, and respect. 相似文献
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RUTH MACKLIN 《Bioethics》2010,24(5):211-217
Fast forward 50 years into the future. A look back at what occurred in the field of bioethics since 2010 reveals that a conference in 2050 commemorated the death of bioethics. In a steady progression over the years, the field became increasingly fragmented and bureaucratized. Disagreement and dissension were rife, and this once flourishing, multidisciplinary field began to splinter in multiple ways. Prominent journals folded, one by one, and were replaced with specialized publications dealing with genethics, reproethics, nanoethics, and necroethics. Mainstream bioethics organizations also collapsed, giving way to new associations along disciplinary and sub‐disciplinary lines. Physicians established their own journals, and specialty groups broke away from more general associations of medical ethics. Lawyers also split into three separate factions, and philosophers rejected all but the most rigorous, analytic articles into their newly established journal. Matters finally came to a head with global warming, the world‐wide spread of malaria and dengue, and the cost of medical treatments out of reach for almost everyone. The result was the need to develop plans for strict rationing of medical care. At the same time, recognition emerged of the importance of the right to health and the need for global justice in health. By 2060, a spark of hope was ignited, opening the door to the resuscitation of bioethics and involvement of the global community. 相似文献
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In this paper we set forth what we believe to be a relatively controversial argument, claiming that ‘bioethics’ needs to undergo a fundamental change in the way it is practised. This change, we argue, requires philosophical bioethicists to adopt reflexive practices when applying their analyses in public forums, acknowledging openly that bioethics is an embedded socio‐cultural practice, shaped by the ever‐changing intuitions of individual philosophers, which cannot be viewed as a detached intellectual endeavour. This said, we argue that in order to manage the personal, social and cultural embeddedness of bioethics, philosophical bioethicists should openly acknowledge how their practices are constructed and should, in their writing, explicitly deal with issues of bias and conflict of interest, just as empirical scientists are required to do. 相似文献
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HENRY SILVERMAN BABIKER AHMED SAMAR AJEILET SUMAIA AL‐FADIL SUHAIL AL‐AMAD HADIR EL‐DESSOUKY IBRAHIM EL‐GENDY MOHAMED EL‐GUINDI MUSTAFA EL‐NIMEIRI RANA MUZAFFAR AZZA SALEH 《Developing world bioethics》2010,10(2):70-77
To help ensure the ethical conduct of research, many have recommended educational efforts in research ethics to investigators and members of research ethics committees (RECs). One type of education activity involves multi‐day workshops in research ethics. To be effective, such workshops should contain the appropriate content and teaching techniques geared towards the learning styles of the targeted audiences. To ensure consistency in content and quality, we describe the development of a curriculum guide, core competencies and associated learning objectives and activities to help educators organize research ethics workshops in their respective institutions. The curriculum guide is divided into modular units to enable planners to develop workshops of different lengths and choose content materials that match the needs, abilities, and prior experiences of the target audiences. The content material in the curriculum guide is relevant for audiences in the Middle East, because individuals from the Middle East who participated in a Certificate Program in research ethics selected and developed the training materials (e.g., articles, powerpoint slides, case studies, protocols). Also, many of the activities incorporate active‐learning methods, consisting of group work activities analyzing case studies and reviewing protocols. The development of such a workshop training curriculum guide represents a sustainable educational resource to enhance research ethics capacity in the Middle East. 相似文献