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1.
重金属污染土壤植物修复中的微生物功能研究进展   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17       下载免费PDF全文
李韵诗  冯冲凌  吴晓芙  石润 《生态学报》2015,35(20):6881-6890
综述了国内外在重金属污染土壤植物-微生物联合修复领域的研究报道,总结了近5年的研究实例。植物-微生物联合修复体系具有生物固定与生物去除土壤重金属的两种功能,根际微生物可以菌根、内生菌等方式与根系形成联合体,通过增强植物抗性和优化根际环境,促进根系发展,增强植物吸收和向上转运重金属的能力。建立植物-微生物联合修复体系,可充分发挥植物与微生物作用功能的优势,提高污染土壤的修复效率。增强植物修复体系中微生物功能的重点是深入研究根际微生物、根系和介质载体三者之间复合功能,结合污染土壤类型与植物群落配置的特点筛选扩繁高效菌种与菌群。  相似文献   

2.
土壤重金属污染的植物修复   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
土壤重金属污染的危害范围广泛,使用传统的物理和化学修复方法成本高,对环境扰动大,而利用植物修复的效果较为明显,易于操作.本文论述了土壤重金属污染的单一植物、植物与微生物联合、植物与化学方法相结合.的修复方法,着重介绍了重金属超富'集植物的研究和植物体内螯合肽(PCs)的合成.生物螯合剂的应用及土壤重金属污染的动物、植物和微生物的联合修复将是未来研究的热点.  相似文献   

3.
钝化和植物修复是重金属污染土壤修复的重要技术手段,而溶磷微生物可进一步增强钝化和植物修复重金属污染土壤的作用。介绍了钝化和植物修复重金属污染土壤的基本原理,总结了溶磷微生物对土壤中难溶性磷酸盐的溶解、利用磷酸盐钝化修复重金属污染土壤、溶磷微生物对磷酸盐钝化修复的强化以及溶磷微生物强化植物修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展,探讨了溶磷微生物对重金属的抗性及其溶磷机理、溶磷微生物对磷酸盐钝化修复重金属污染土壤的强化作用机理以及溶磷微生物强化植物修复重金属污染土壤的作用机理。旨在为生物修复重金属污染土壤研究提供一定的理论依据和技术支撑。  相似文献   

4.
生物修复技术,作为可持续发展的重要方向,因其环境友好、高效且无二次污染并能从根本上解决土壤污染问题而受到关注,已经在土壤污染治理中得到了广泛的应用.为了梳理和凝练生物修复技术的发展状况,本专刊收录了该研究领域的16篇论文,分别从植物修复、微生物修复、联合修复、重金属吸收积累的相关分子机制、资源化再利用等方面,详细阐述生...  相似文献   

5.
攀钢冶炼渣堆土壤与优势植物的重金属含量   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
魏敏  刘新  陈朝琼  余小平  彭晓莉 《生态学报》2008,28(6):2931-2931~2936
采用原子吸收分光光度法测定攀钢西渣场冶炼渣堆土壤和6科12种优势植物中Mn、Pb、 Ni、 Cu、Cd等5种重金属含量,并计算优势植物对重金属的富积系数和转移系数.结果表明:渣堆土壤中重金属含量Mn最高(3869.14 mg/kg),次后顺序为Pb>Ni>Cu>Cd;植物与土壤的重金属分布基本一致;所测优势植物中,多数植物对重金属的富积系数较低,而转移系数却较高,如天名精对Cu的转移系数为5.1,羽芒菊对Pb转移系数为3.3,五月艾对Cd的转移系数为6.0,其中8种植物(天名精、羽芒菊等)对Mn的转移系数均大于1.该结果为重金属污染土壤的植物修复提供了参考物种,同时也为植物重金属耐受机制的研究提供了筛选对象.  相似文献   

6.
生物表面活性剂修复HOCs污染土壤的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
简要介绍了疏水性有机污染物(HOCs)在土壤环境中积累产生的危害及应用生物表面活性剂(BS)修复HOCs污染土壤的优势.阐明了BS修复HOCs污染土壤的主要机理:BS对HOCs的增溶作用、BS促进土壤中HOCs的解吸、BS促进土壤中HOCs的生物降解.分析了BS的种类及含量、污染土壤对BS的吸附、土壤本身的理化性质等因素对土壤生物修复的影响.探讨了HOCs污染土壤生物修复的发展方向及应用前景.  相似文献   

7.
重金属污染区土壤酶活性变化   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
王涵  高树芳  陈炎辉  王果 《应用生态学报》2009,20(12):3034-3042
从福建龙岩新罗区特钢厂污灌区农田采集土壤,测定土壤基本理化性质及脲酶、纤维素酶、碱性磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性和Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn含量,探讨重金属污染和土壤性质对土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明: 4种全量或有效态重金属与土壤脲酶、纤维素酶、碱性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性呈显著正相关,与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著或极显著负相关;土壤pH与碱性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关,粉粒含量与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著负相关.经通径分析,重金属污染刺激了脲酶、多酚氧化酶和纤维素酶活性,但对碱性磷酸酶活性的影响较小.有效态Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn对过氧化氢酶活性的直接影响并不大,但通过间接途径抑制了过氧化氢酶活性.土壤理化性质对5种土壤酶活性的影响较大,碱解氮直接抑制了脲酶活性;全磷直接刺激了碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,并通过有效磷刺激了纤维素酶活性;有效磷直接刺激了纤维素酶活性,直接抑制了碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性;全钾直接抑制了碱性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性;速效钾通过有效磷刺激了纤维素酶活性;土壤颗粒组成明显影响多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性.5种酶活性与土壤Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn含量之间的关系不明确,因此其活性不是指示土壤Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn污染的良好指标.  相似文献   

8.
从福建龙岩新罗区特钢厂污灌区农田采集土壤,测定土壤基本理化性质及脲酶、纤维素酶、碱性磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性和Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn含量,探讨重金属污染和土壤性质对土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:4种全量或有效态重金属与土壤脲酶、纤维素酶、碱性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性呈显著正相关,与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著或极显著负相关;土壤pH与碱性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关,粉粒含量与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著负相关.经通径分析,重金属污染刺激了脲酶、多酚氧化酶和纤维素酶活性,但对碱性磷酸酶活性的影响较小.有效态Cu、Cd、Pb、zn对过氧化氢酶活性的直接影响并不大,但通过间接途径抑制了过氧化氢酶活性.土壤理化性质对5种土壤酶活性的影响较大,碱解氮直接抑制了脲酶活性;全磷直接刺激了碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,并通过有效磷刺激了纤维素酶活性;有效磷直接刺激了纤维素酶活性,直接抑制了碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性;全钾直接抑制了碱性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性;速效钾通过有效磷刺激了纤维素酶活性;土壤颗粒组成明显影响多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性.5种酶活性与土壤Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn含量之间的关系不明确,因此其活性不是指示土壤Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn污染的良好指标.  相似文献   

9.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Adsorption of Cu, Cd, Ni, and Zn in single and multi-metal solutions by agricultural and forest soils was investigated in batch sorption experiments. The results showed significant differences in sorption capacities of the studied soils. The selectivity order was as follows: agricultural soil? top forest soil > bottom forest soil. The adsorption sequence Cu > Zn > Ni > Cd was established for the agricultural and bottom forest soil, while the order for the top forest soil was Cu > Ni > Zn > Cd. The experimental isotherms for the metal sorption were described satisfactorily by the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The competitive adsorption experiment indicated a reduction in the amount of metals adsorbed by the soils from the multi-metal solution compared to the single metal solution. Properties of the soils, such as pH, content of clay and organic matter, exchangeable bases and hydrolytic acidity, showed a significant influence on adsorption capacities of the studied soils.  相似文献   

10.
    
The rhizosphere plays a crucial role in plant growth and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, highlighting the complex communication between plants and their dynamic rhizosphere environment. Plants produce a wide range of signaling molecules that facilitate communication with various rhizosphere factors, yet our understanding of these mechanisms remains elusive. In addition to protein-coding genes, increasing evidence underscores the critical role of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules, in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to rhizosphere stresses under diverse biotic and abiotic factors. In this review, we explore the crosstalk between miRNAs and their target mRNAs, which influence the development of key plant structures shaped by the belowground environment. Moving forward, more focused studies are needed to clarify the functions and expression patterns of miRNAs, to uncover the common regulatory mechanisms that mediate plant tolerance to rhizosphere dynamics. Beyond that, we propose that using artificial miRNAs and manipulating the expression of miRNAs and their targets through overexpression or knockout/knockdown approaches could effectively investigate their roles in plant responses to rhizosphere stresses, offering significant potential for advancing crop engineering.  相似文献   

11.
Distribution of extractable heavy metals in different soil fractions   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Abstract

Due to the difficulties of precisely characterizing environmentally contaminated soil, the effects of heavy metals on plants are studied using uncontaminated soil spiked with known quantities of heavy metals. One problem in using spiked soils is how accurately the distribution of metals mimics stabilized natural soils. We studied the distribution of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc in soil fractions after application in soluble form. The soil samples included a control (an uncontaminated Typic Argiudoll) and two samples spiked with either a moderate or high heavy metal concentration). After application of the salts the soils were subjected to wet/dry cycles over the course of three months. The soils were fractionated using a sequential chemical extraction procedure employing: (1) CaCl2,(2) NaOH, (3) Na2EDTA and (4) HNO3, HCl, and HF. Soil physical separation was carried out by ultrasonic dispersion. The heavy metal levels were determined using ICP-AES. Each heavy metal displayed a unique behavior when added to soil in the form of soluble salts. Cadmium and zinc remained in the soluble fraction, indicating that no equilibrium was attained, while nickel primarily appeared in the insoluble fraction. Chromium, copper and lead were distributed among various soil chemical fractions. The highest levels of all metals appeared in the clay fraction except lead which was mainly present in the silt fraction.  相似文献   

12.
    
N. F. Gray 《Plant and Soil》1988,108(2):286-290
The effects of the major soil nutrients and seven common metals on the distribution of nematophagous fungi were evaluated by comparing the concentration of the elements in soils with and without nematophagous fungi. Mineral nutrients, which were all positively correlated with nematode density, were the most important elements determining the presence of such fungi. Endoparasites producing adhesive conidia were independent of all the elements tested, while those species forming ingested conidia were isolated from soils high in nutrients, indicating a strong dependence on nematode density. Knob forming predators which rely on their ability to spontaneously produce traps to obtain nutrients were isolated from soils with low concentrations of mineral nutrients, while species with constricting rings were isolated from richer soils containing a greater density of nematodes. Net-forming species were largely independent of soil fertility, although generally they were isolated from soils with limited nutrientsd, especially K. Like other fungi, nematophagous fungi are generally not found in soils containing elevated concentrations of heavy metals. The results indicate that even concentrations of heavy metals which naturally occur in Irish soils can restrict the distribution of this fungal group. However the endoparasiteMeria coniospora is tolerant to all metals and to Cu in particular.  相似文献   

13.
调查了沈阳张士灌区长期污水灌溉造成的原位农田土壤重金属污染状况,从土壤微生物生物量、微生物活性和微生物种群数量的角度评价了长期重金属污染对农田土壤生态系统的影响.结果表明,张士灌区土壤存在严重的Cd污染,土壤Cd含量达1.75~3.89 mg·kg -1,部分区域还伴有Cu、Zn复合污染.在目前污染程度下,土壤微生物生物量碳(Cmic)、微生物商(qM)、土壤脱氢酶活性以及自生固氮菌数量随土壤重金属含量增加呈下降趋势,代谢商(qCO2)随土壤重金属含量增加显著升高,而底物诱导呼吸强度(SIR)、纤维素酶活性以及细菌、放线菌和真菌数量无明显变化.相关性分析表明,土壤Cd含量变化是影响微生物参数变化的主要因素,在微生物参数中微生物商和代谢商对重金属污染最敏感.  相似文献   

14.
This paper gives the results from four-year field experiments on compost application, added at the maximum rate allowed by Italian legislation (30 t/ha/y). The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate any eventual heavy metal accumulation in soil and corn plants. Cadmium in corn plants increased particularly in the roots from 0.22 mg kg−1 to 1.31 mg kg−1, concentration of Zn and Cu increased in grains, from 26.8 to 35.8 and from 2.4 to 4.2 mg kg−1 respectively. Relevant increase in the roots was detected for Zn from 34.6 to 146.8 mg kg−1. Only in the 4th year Ni concentration increases in the root portion while the content of Pb and Cr in corn was generally unaffected by the compost application. Heavy metals in the soil determined by a sequential chemical extraction, indicated that extractability changed with time. A certain increase was found from the beginning to the end of the experiment particularly for Zn, from 23.3 mg kg−1 to 45.1 mg kg−1 in extractable forms. Nevertheless the extractable amounts are rather small in respect to the total heavy metal content of compost.  相似文献   

15.
植物修复──重金属污染土壤整治有效途径   总被引:118,自引:3,他引:118       下载免费PDF全文
系统论述了重金属污染土壤植物修复的概念、原理、方法与研究动态,列举了污染土壤植物修复的一些实例。探讨了土壤重金属超富集植物的类型、特点、应用潜力以及基因工程等现代生物技术的应用、效果与最新展望,为土壤污染的综合整治及生态修复提出了新的思路。  相似文献   

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