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1.
【目的】水杨酸和茉莉酸在植物诱导防御虫害反应中发挥着重要作用。本研究旨在探讨水杨酸和茉莉酸诱导葡萄对根瘤蚜的抗性。【方法】以盆栽巨峰为试材,在接种葡萄根瘤蚜Daktulosphaira vitifoliae的同时喷施水杨酸和茉莉酸,测定和评估了对根瘤蚜生长发育及产卵量的影响,以及对葡萄根系抗氧化相关酶[过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、新梢生长量及光合速率的影响。【结果】水杨酸和茉莉酸诱导处理显著降低了根瘤蚜卵量及下代1,2龄若蚜总数,接种35 d后根瘤蚜的产卵量分别减少了41.35%和50.00%,1龄和2龄若蚜总数分别减少了42.31%和50.00%;根瘤蚜侵染后根系中POD和CAT活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且水杨酸和茉莉酸诱导处理在各测定时期均高于仅接种根瘤蚜处理;水杨酸和茉莉酸处理的根系中MDA含量在各测定时期均低于仅接种根瘤蚜处理;水杨酸和茉莉酸处理降低了根瘤蚜侵染对植株地上部生长及光合的抑制。接种处理后第30天,仅接种根瘤蚜处理的植株地上部生长量减少了48.11%,光合速率降低了58.77%,而水杨酸和茉莉酸处理后的新梢生长量分别减少了31.57%和25.71%,光合速率分别降低了32.89%和24.67%。【结论】叶片喷洒茉莉酸和水杨酸能够降低根瘤蚜种群密度,并提高葡萄根系活性氧清除能力和防御酶活性,缓解树势衰退。  相似文献   

2.
本文报道了识别茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)的单克隆抗体的制备.该抗体源于以茉莉酸的C-1位羧基为偶联位点,钥孔(虫戚)血蓝蛋白为载体合成的免疫原.该抗体对甲酯化茉莉酸的识别力明显强于对茉莉酸(JA)的;JA分子中戊烯侧链的完整性对该抗体的识别力有很大影响.于该侧链的C-9和C-10位加氢(形成Dihydro-JA),或除去C-12(形成JAS-25),都会大幅度降低该抗体的结合活性.该抗体对亚麻酸、南瓜酸、冠毒素及Theobroxide均无识别力.用该抗体建立了定量检测JA的固相抗体型酶联免疫吸附定量测定法,检测范围为2.06-500 pmol MeJA.并探查了小麦及黑麦草开颖前后颖花的JA含量.发现随着开颖时间的临近,JA含量显著升高;颖花开放时达到最大值,随后急剧下降.  相似文献   

3.
茉莉酸在植物诱导防御中的作用   总被引:26,自引:2,他引:26       下载免费PDF全文
徐伟  严善春 《生态学报》2005,25(8):2074-2082
茉莉酸(JA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)作为与损伤相关的植物激素和信号分子,广泛地存在于植物体中,外源应用能够激发防御植物基因的表达,诱导植物的化学防御,产生与机械损伤和昆虫取食相似的效果。大量研究表明,用茉莉酸类化合物处理植物可系统诱导蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)和多酚氧化酶(PPO),从而影响植食动物对营养物质的吸收,还能增加过氧化物酶、壳聚糖酶和脂氧合酶等防御蛋白的活性水平,导致生物碱和酚酸类次生物质的积累,增加并改变挥发性信号化合物的释放,甚至形成防御结构,如毛状体和树脂导管。经茉莉酸处理的植物提高了植食动物的死亡率,变得更加吸引捕食性和寄生性天敌。挥发性化合物——茉莉酸甲酯可以从植物的气孔进入植物体内,在细胞质中被酯酶水解为茉莉酸,实现长距离的信号传导和植物间的交流,诱导邻近植物产生诱导防御反应。茉莉酸和茉莉酸甲酯分别具有4种立体异构,其中具有活性的是顺式结构,但顺式结构不稳定,会差向异构化为反式结构。茉莉酸的代谢物(Z)-茉莉酮(cis-Jasmone)具电生理活性,在植物诱导防御中起作用,并且在防御信号的作用上不同于茉莉酸和茉莉酸甲酯。  相似文献   

4.
本文研究了番茄在不同时间下受西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis危害(DTF)、机械损伤(MW)、茉莉酸(JA)和水杨酸甲酯(MeSA)外源诱导后,叶片营养物质含量和防御酶活性的变化。结果表明:各种诱导处理24 h和36 h时,番茄叶片可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量不同程度的下降,其中虫害处理36 h时,叶片可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量下降最明显;在48 h时除水杨酸甲酯处理外,番茄营养物质含量均显著升高。β-1,3葡聚糖酶(PR-2)活性在虫害、机械损伤和茉莉酸处理24 h和36 h后均升高,其中虫害处理的PR-2活性最高。各种处理均能诱导番茄叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性明显升高,且均随时间的延长持续升高。所有处理24 h时的番茄叶片多酚氧化酶(PPO)均被激发。各种处理均能导致植株的脂氧合酶(LOX)活性升高,但不同处理诱导的LOX活性升高的时间不同。结果表明,番茄能通过改变营养物质含量和防御酶活性对不同诱导处理作出生理应激反应,但反应程度与诱导方式和时间有关。  相似文献   

5.
本文报道了识别茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)的单克隆抗体的制备。该抗体源于以茉莉酸的C-1位羧基为偶联位点,钥孔娥血蓝蛋白为载体合成的免疫原。该抗体对甲酯化茉莉酸的识别力明显强于对茉莉酸(JA)的;JA分子中戊烯侧链的完整性对该抗体的识别力有很大影响。于该侧链的C-9和C-10位加氢(形成Dihydro-JA),或除去C-12(形成JAS-25),都会大幅度降低该抗体的结合活性。该抗体对亚麻酸、南瓜酸、冠毒素及Theobroxide均无识别力。用该抗体建立了定量检测JA的固相抗体型酶联免疫吸附定量测定法,检测范围为2.06-500 pmol MeJA。并探查了小麦及黑麦草开颖前后颖花的JA含量。发现随着开颖时间的临近,JA含量显著升高;颖花开放时达到最大值,随后急剧下降。  相似文献   

6.
本文研究了施钾条件下马铃薯两品种克新和费乌瑞它对桃蚜Myzus persicae Sulzer的抗性反应。结果表明,与对照相比,虫害、施钾与施钾+虫害处理均使两马铃薯品种中茉莉酸含量、脂氧合酶活性、蛋白酶抑制剂活性有所提高。其中虫害处理后克新中茉莉酸含量为对照的2.2倍,PI活性、脂氧合酶活性分别比对照增加了27.7%和37.3%;虫害费乌瑞它中上述生理指标的变化与克新一致,茉莉酸含量为对照的1.7倍,PI活性、脂氧合酶活性分别比对照增加了22.4%和29.1%。此外,施钾处理显著降低了克新和费乌瑞它2个品种的为害蚜量。表明施钾提高了马铃薯的诱导抗性,且克新的抗虫能力高于费乌瑞它。  相似文献   

7.
烟草愈伤组织在含咖啡酸(5 mmol/L)和/或CoCl2(10 mmol/L,乙烯合成抑制剂)的MS培养基上暗培养,同时用茉莉酸甲酯(1 mg/ml,简称MJ)处理愈伤组织。处理后测定乙烯、水杨酸和病程相关蛋白(PR)含量及一些抗病相关酶活性。MJ明显促进乙烯产生、增加水杨酸和PR蛋白含量,提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、β1,3-葡聚糖苷酶和几丁酶的活性。咖啡酸降低MJ对乙烯和水杨酸诱导,CoCl2明显降低MJ对乙烯的诱导,但没有明显影响MJ对水杨酸的诱导,两者都促进MJ诱导PAL活性而抑制MJ诱导β1,3-葡聚糖苷酶活性。咖啡酸明显影响MJ诱导内切几丁酶,几乎完全抑制对外切几丁酶的诱导;CoCl2对MJ诱导内切几丁酶没有影响,促进对外切几丁酶的诱导。实验结果表明,不同的抗病相关酶活性诱导有不同的信号传递途径,在所测几种酶的诱导中,水杨酸起主要作用,乙烯作用较小,MJ的诱导作用主要是由水杨酸所转导。  相似文献   

8.
【目的】探讨菜豆对昆虫取食防御反应的生化机制。【方法】研究了西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis取食、机械损伤以及外源水杨酸甲酯(MeSA)和茉莉酸(JA)处理后菜豆叶片防御酶活性的变化。【结果】西花蓟马取食、机械损伤及MeSA和JA处理均能明显提高过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,前2种处理POD活性在72 h上升到最高峰,而后2种处理则在48 h达到最高峰。蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)活性在西花蓟马取食后升高最明显。JA途径关键酶脂氧合酶(LOX)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性在西花蓟马取食、机械损伤和JA诱导处理均升高,但外源MeSA诱导处理则不能诱导它们的活性(P>0.05)。SA途径的关键酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)在西花蓟马取食和机械损伤后均有一个先升高后下降的过程,外源MeSA诱导只在24 h引起PAL活性升高,其余时间下和对照没有明显的区别,外源JA诱导未能引起PAL活性的显著变化(P>0.05)。西花蓟马取食、JA和MeSA诱导以及机械损伤均能诱导β-1,3 葡聚糖酶(PR-2)活性上升(P<0.05)。【结论】结果说明,不同处理可诱导菜豆植株产生明显的防御反应,但酶活性的变化与处理方式和处理时间有关。  相似文献   

9.
外源茉莉酸和茉莉酸甲酯诱导植物抗虫作用及其机理   总被引:25,自引:4,他引:25       下载免费PDF全文
综述了茉莉酸(jasmonic acid, JA)和茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmo nate, MJA)的分子结构和应用其诱导的植物抗虫作用及其机制。植物受外源茉莉酸或茉莉酸甲酯刺激后,一条反应途径是由硬脂酸途径激活防御基因,另一条途径是直接激活防御基因。防御基因激活后导致代谢途径重新配置,并可能诱导植物产生下列4种效应:(1)直接防御,即植物产生对害虫有毒的物质、抗营养和抗消化的酶类,或具驱避性和妨碍行为作用的化合物;(2)间接防御,即产生吸引天敌的挥发物;(3)不防御,即无防御反应;(4)负防御,即产生吸引害虫的挥发物。  相似文献   

10.
冠菌素和茉莉酸甲酯诱导小麦幼苗低温抗性的研究   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17       下载免费PDF全文
以小麦品种豫麦18为试验材料,研究了冠菌素和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)对小麦低温抗性的诱导作用.结果表明,冠菌素和MeJA处理可以显著提高低温胁迫下小麦幼苗细胞内SOD、POD和CAT等抗氧化酶的活性,增加可溶性蛋白的含量,降低相对电导率和MDA含量,从而维持细胞质膜的完整性,增强小麦植株抵抗低温胁迫的能力.冠菌素和MeJA在抗低温胁迫上具有相似的作用,1μmol/L的冠菌素和100μmol/L MeJA的诱导效果较好.  相似文献   

11.
    
Changes in physiological and biochemical patterns in lucerne plants caused by the presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia’, which is one of the significant pathogens causing yield losses in lucerne plants, were investigated. Significant differences were evident in total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and protein amounts between ‘Ca. Phytoplasma australasia’-positive and negative lucerne plants. Stress-related metabolites such as phenol, malondialdehyde, and proline accumulations in ‘Ca. Phytoplasma australasia’-positive plants were remarkably higher than those of phytoplasma-negative plants. As a response to disease attack, phytoplasma-positive plants exhibited higher antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and catalase) and non-enzymatic metabolite responses such as jasmonic and salicylic acids. We state that partial disease responses were revealed for the first time to breed resistant lucerne lines infected by ‘Ca. Phytoplasma australasia’.  相似文献   

12.
    
Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) play important roles in plant defense systems. JA and SA signaling pathways interact antagonistically in dicotyledonous plants, but, the status of crosstalk between JA and SA signaling is unknown in monocots. Our rice microarray analysis showed that more than half of the genes upregulated by the SA analog BTH are also upregulated by JA, suggesting that a major portion of the SA-upregulated genes are regulated by JA-dependent signaling in rice. A common defense system that is activated by both JA and SA is thus proposed which plays an important role in pathogen defense responses in rice.  相似文献   

13.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible defense mechanism that is activated throughout the plant, subsequent to localized inoculation with a pathogen. The establishment of SAR requires translocation of an unknown signal from the pathogen-inoculated leaf to the distal organs, where salicylic acid-dependent defenses are activated. We demonstrate here that petiole exudates (PeXs) collected from Arabidopsis leaves inoculated with an avirulent (Avr) Pseudomonas syringae strain promote resistance when applied to Arabidopsis, tomato ( Lycopersicum esculentum ) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). Arabidopsis FATTY ACID DESATURASE7 ( FAD7 ), SUPPRESSOR OF FATTY ACID DESATURASE DEFICIENCY1 ( SFD1 ) and SFD2 genes are required for accumulation of the SAR-inducing activity. In contrast to Avr PeX from wild-type plants, Avr PeXs from fad7 , sfd1 and sfd2 mutants were unable to activate SAR when applied to wild-type plants. However, the SAR-inducing activity was reconstituted by mixing Avr PeXs collected from fad7 and sfd1 with Avr PeX from the SAR-deficient dir1 mutant. Since FAD7 , SFD1 and SFD2 are involved in plastid glycerolipid biosynthesis and SAR is also compromised in the Arabidopsis monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase1 mutant we suggest that a plastid glycerolipid-dependent factor is required in Avr PeX along with the DIR1- encoded lipid transfer protein for long-distance signaling in SAR. FAD7 -synthesized lipids provide fatty acids for synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA). However, co-infiltration of JA and methylJA with Avr PeX from fad7 and sfd1 did not reconstitute the SAR-inducing activity. In addition, JA did not co-purify with the SAR-inducing activity confirming that JA is not the mobile signal in SAR.  相似文献   

14.
植物防御反应的两种信号转导途径及其相互作用   总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23  
植物遭到病虫害时质膜两侧的离子发生跨膜交换、释放钙离子、产生大量的活性氧并产生蛋白质磷酸化,通过水杨酸、茉莉酸以及乙烯信号转导途径激活了PR1、BGL2等防御相关基因.这些基因的表达产物如蛋白酶抑制剂(proteinase inhibitor,PI)等能够抑制植食性昆虫的消化酶以及增加细胞壁厚度,从而增强了对昆虫和病原菌等的抵抗力.植物的各种防御信号途径之间既存在拮抗作用又有协同作用,共同组成了一个复杂的防御体系,在一定程度上有效地抵御各种生物胁迫.  相似文献   

15.
    
The Nicotiana attenuata LECTIN RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (LecRK1) has been recently identified as a component of the mechanism used by plants to suppress the Manduca sexta-triggered accumulation of salicylic acid (SA). The suppression of the SA burst by LecRK1 allows for the unfettered induction of jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense responses against M. sexta herbivory. LecRK1 contains a multi-domain extracellular region composed of a G-type Lectin domain and a PAN-AP domain separated by a variable sequence with low similarity to an EGF domain. The LecRK1 intracellular region is composed of a single domain structure with predicted Ser/Thr protein kinase activity. The multi-domain structure of the extracellular region of LecRK1 adds a level of complexity in terms of the potential ligands that this receptor protein could recognize.  相似文献   

16.
最早从拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中克隆到的NPR1(nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1)基因是调控植物病害抗性的一个关键基因。它不仅对植物系统获得抗性(systemic acquired resistance,SAR)和诱导系统抗性(induced systemic resistance, ISR)起核心调控作用,而且是植物基础抗性(basic resistance)以及由抗病基因(resistance gene,R)决定的抗性的重要调控因子。氧化突发(oxidative burst)造成的强还原势导致NPR1蛋白还原成单体,以及NPR1单体在细胞核内的积累是诱导水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)介导的PR(pathogenesis-related)基因表达和SAR产生的充分必要条件。NPR1通过与TGA转录因子的相互作用调控PR基因表达。NPR1作为多种信号途径的交叉点,与某些WRKY转录因子和NPR4一起,在调节和平衡SA和茉莉酸信号传导途径中起关键作用。NPR1的这种调控作用在细胞质内进行,通过遗传工程将其用于植物保护有很好的应用前景。  相似文献   

17.
LeWRKY1基因的克隆及分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆了番茄LeWRKY1 cDNA(Genbank登录号为FJ654265)全长,用生物信息学的方法对其进行分析,预测其编码的蛋白的定位和功能。同时利用Northern杂交技术分析了JA(jasmonic acid)或SA(salicylic acid)刺激时LeWRKY1在野生型番茄和番茄JA不敏感突变体jail(JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE1)及番茄JA生物合成突变体spr2(prosystemin-mediated responses2)中的表达情况。LeWRKY1 cDNA序列全长1 740 bp,阅读框1 083 bp。生物信息学分析表明LeWRKY1含有1个WRKY结构域和1个C_2H_2型锌指结构。LeWRKY1可能是一种定位于细胞核的DNA结合蛋白,并可能具有转录调控、信号传导功能。表达分析推测LeWRKY1的表达是JA依赖而非SA依赖性的,且LeWRKY1的表达不依赖于生物体内JA的从头合成。  相似文献   

18.
    
Solar UV‐B radiation has been reported to enhance plant defenses against herbivore insects in many species. However, the mechanism and traits involved in the UV‐B mediated increment of plant resistance are unknown in crops species, such as soybean. Here, we studied defense‐related responses in undamaged and Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae‐damaged leaves of two soybean cultivars grown under attenuated or full solar UV‐B radiation. We determined changes in jasmonates, ethylene (ET), salicylic acid, trypsin protease inhibitor activity, flavonoids, and mRNA expression of genes related with defenses. ET emission induced by Anticarsia gemmatalis damage was synergistically increased in plants grown under solar UV‐B radiation and was positively correlated with malonyl genistin concentration, trypsin proteinase inhibitor activity and expression of IFS2, and the pathogenesis protein PR2, while was negatively correlated with leaf consumption. The precursor of ET, aminocyclopropane‐carboxylic acid, applied exogenously to soybean was sufficient to strongly induce leaf isoflavonoids. Our results showed that in field‐grown soybean isoflavonoids were regulated by both herbivory and solar UV‐B inducible ET, whereas flavonols were regulated by solar UV‐B radiation only and not by herbivory or ET. Our study suggests that, although ET can modulate UV‐B‐mediated priming of inducible plant defenses, some plant defenses, such as isoflavonoids, are regulated by ET alone.  相似文献   

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