中国刺蛾科六新种和十二新纪录种(鳞翅目,斑蛾总科)(英文)

报道中国刺蛾科6新种、5新纪录属及12新纪录种。新种包括:岔颚凯刺蛾Caissa staurognatha sp.nov.、叉颚银纹刺蛾Miresa dicrognatha sp.nov.、透翅泥刺蛾Limacolasia hyalodesa sp.nov.、北京岐刺蛾Austrapoda beijingensis sp.nov.、索洛绿刺蛾Parasa solovyevi sp.nov.及黑条刺蛾Striogyia obatera sp.nov.。条刺蛾属Striogyia Holloway、佳刺蛾属Euphlyctinides Hering、温刺蛾属Prapata Holloway、裔刺蛾属Hindothosea Holloway和白刺蛾属Pseudaltha Hering为我国新纪录属。黑基客刺蛾Ceratonema nigribasale Hering、拟焰刺蛾Pseudiragoides spadix Solovyevet Witt、铜翅佳刺蛾Euphlyctinides aeneola Solovyev、叶奇刺蛾Matsumurides lola(Swinhoe)、温刺蛾Prapata bisinuosa Holloway、黑温刺蛾Prapata scotopepla(Hampson)、赭背刺蛾Belippa ochreata Yoshimoto、裔刺蛾Hindothosea cervina(Moore)、纷刺蛾Griseothosea cruda(Walker)、白翅姹剌蛾Chalcocelis albor Solovyev et Witt、维绒刺蛾Phocoderma witti Solovyev和沙坝白刺蛾Pseudaltha sapa Solovyev为中国新纪录种。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所国家动物博物馆昆虫标本馆(IZCAS)。     

中国奕刺蛾属与焰刺蛾属分类研究

属名Iragoides Hering长期被视为Phlossa Walker的同物异名,两者全世界已知12种。通过解剖我国已有的种类,发现它们的外生殖器结构并不相同,两个属的模式种各代表一个类型,因此,本文复用Iragoides Hering为有效名。奕刺蛾属Phlossa的雄性外生殖器具有刺蛾科的典型结构; 雌性外生殖器的囊导管端部多少有些呈螺旋状,囊突1枚呈新月形。奕焰刺蛾属Iragoides的雄性外生殖器在阳茎端基环两侧有膜质小突起或尾端有微刺突; 雌性外生殖器有相连的2枚囊突,囊突上有许多微齿突。共整理出中国奕刺蛾属Phlossa 4种、焰刺蛾属Iragoides 5种,后者包括1新种--线焰刺蛾I. lineofusca Wu et Fang, 及1新记录种--别焰刺蛾I. elongate Hering。编制了两个属已知种的检索表,提供了成虫彩色照片和外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国冠潜蛾科一新记录属及一新记录种

记述我国冠潜蛾科Tischeriidae 1新记录属:绔冠潜蛾属Coptotriche Walsingham,1890及1新记录种:日本绔冠潜蛾Coptotriche japoniella Puplesis ＆ Digkus,2003;并给出了成虫、潜痕和雌雄生殖器照片.所有标本材料均保存在湖南农业大学昆虫研究所昆虫标本馆.     

中国蛾蜡蝉科一新记录属及一新记录种

记述采自中国云南省的蛾蜡蝉科1新记录属：宽额蛾蜡蝉属Byhopsyma Melichar及1新记录种：宽额蛾蜡蝉Bythopsyrna circulata(Guerin—Meneville),绘了成虫特征图。     

亚美尺蛾属——灰尺蛾亚科一中国新记录属

记述中国灰尺蛾亚科1新记录属:亚美尺蛾属Metacrocallis Beljaev,1997及1新记录种:亚美尺蛾Metacrocallis vernalis Beljaev,1997.绘制了雄性成虫及外生殖器特征图.研究标本保存于华南农业大学资环学院昆虫学系鳞翅目昆虫标本室.     

中国冠潜蛾科-新记录属及一新记录种

记述我国冠潜蛾科Tischeriidae 1新记录属：绔冠潜蛾属Coptotriche Walsingham,1890及1新记录种：日本绔冠潜蛾Coptotriche japoniella Puplesis＆Diskus,2003;并给出了成虫、潜痕和雌雄生殖器照片。所有标本材料均保存在湖南农业大学昆虫研究所昆虫标本馆。     

中国妮蛾蜡蝉属分类研究(半翅目:蛾蜡蝉科)

综述了妮蛾蜡蝉属Neosalurnis Distant的分类研究历史,研究妮蛾蜡蝉属种类,同意网纹妮蛾蜡蝉Neosalurnis reticulates Distant是妮蛾蜡蝉Neosalurnis gracilis（Melichar））的异名。记述中国妮蛾蜡蝉属4种,包括1新种——大刺妮蛾蜡蝉N.magnispinata,sp．nov．,1新记录种——短刺妮蛾蜡蝉Neosalurnis bonenda Medler。提供了分种检索表。模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

中国润刺蛾属系统分类研究(鳞翅目,刺蛾科)

整理出中国润刺蛾属Aphendala Walker共10种,包括2新种,拟灰润刺蛾A.pseudocana与叉茎润刺蛾A.furcillata,及1新纪录种,野润刺蛾A.aperiens(Walker)。编制了本属已知种的检索表,提供了视检种的成虫彩色照片和外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国锦织蛾属一新种和一新记录种(鳞翅目：织蛾科)

报道了锦织蛾属Promalactis一新种和一中国新记录种。二带锦织蛾P. bifasciaria新种采自陕西宁陕县。该种与朴锦织蛾P. parki Lvovsky相近,但前翅有两条褐色横带,雄性外生殖器抱器腹端部圆形膨大,末端具强刺等可与后者相区别。五台锦织蛾P. odaiensis Park新记录种分布于中国黑龙江省和韩国。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

铃刺蛾属在中国的首次发现及七新种记述（鳞翅目：刺蛾科）

首次报道铃刺蛾属Kitanola Matsumura及环铃刺蛾K. uncula (Staudinger)在中国有分布,并记述7新种,即针铃刺蛾K. spina sp. nov.,小针铃刺蛾K. spinula sp. nov.,线铃刺蛾K. linea sp. nov.,灰白铃刺蛾K. albigrisea sp. nov.,蔡氏铃刺蛾K. caii sp. nov.,短颚铃刺蛾K. brachygnatha sp. nov.和宽颚铃刺蛾K. eurygnatha sp. nov.。编制了本属中国已知种的检索表,提供了成虫彩色照片和外生殖器特征图。新种模式标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

Where the rare species are

Prioritizing geographic areas for conservation attention is important – time and money are in short supply but endangered species are not – and difficult. One popular perspective highlights areas with many species found nowhere else ( Myers et al. 2000 ). Another identifies areas that contain species with fewer close relatives elsewhere ( Faith 1992 ). One might characterize the first as focusing on geographic, and the second on phylogenetic, rarity. To the extent that geographically rare species are at greater risk of extinction ( Gaston & Fuller 2009 ), and that phylogenetically rare species contribute disproportionally to overall biodiversity ( Crozier 1997 ), it would seem reasonable to formally integrate the two approaches. In this issue, Rosauer et al. (2009) do just that; their elegant combined metric pinpoints areas missed out when the two types of rarity are looked at in isolation.     

Isolated respiring heart mitochondria release reactive oxygen species in states 4 and 3

Isolated mitochondria respiring on physiological substrates, both in state 4 and 3, are reported to be or not to be a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cause of these discrepancies has been investigated. As protein concentration was raised in in vitro assays at 37°C, the rate of H₂O₂ release by rat heart mitochondria supplemented with pyruvate/malate or with succinate (plus rotenone) was shown to increase (0.03-0.15 mg protein/ml), to decrease (0.2-0.5 mg protein/ml) and to be negligible (over 0.5 mg protein/ml). The inhibition of mitochondrial respiration (with rotenone or antimycin A) or the increase in the oxygen concentration dissolved in the assay medium allowed an enhancement of ROS production rate throughout the studied range of protein concentrations. In mitochondria respiring in state 3 on pyruvate/malate or on succinate (plus rotenone), ROS release vanished for protein concentrations over 0.5 or 0.2 mg/ml, respectively. However, ROS production rates measured with low protein concentrations (below 0.1 mg/ml) or in oxygen-enriched media were similar or even slightly higher in the active respiratory state 3 than in the resting state 4 for both substrates. Consequently, these findings indicate that isolated mitochondria, respiring in vitro under conditions of forward electron transport, release ROS with Complex I- and II-linked substrates in the resting condition (state 4) and when energy demand is maximal (state 3), provided that there is sufficient oxygen dissolved in the medium.     

Temporal pattern in swimming activity of two fish species (Danio rerio and Leucaspius delineatus) under chemical stress conditions

Circadian periodicity of swimming activity was investigated in two fish species, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and the sunbleak (Leucaspius delineatus) under sublethal long-term exposure to the cyanobacteria toxin microcystin-LR (nominal concentrations of 0.5 μg l^- 1, 5 μg l^- 1, 15 μg l^- 1, 50 μg l^- 1) in 15-litre tanks. Swimming activity of fish was monitored continuously by using an automated video-monitoring and object-tracing system over a period of 17 days. Influenced by long-term exposure to microcystin-LR, Leucaspius delineatus reversed their significant diurnal swimming activity and the fish became statistically significant nocturnal. Danio rerio remained diurnal active, but a significant phase shift was registered. In both Danio rerio and Leucaspius delineatus analysis of time series by cosinor regression revealed microcystin-LR induced dose-dependent alterations of the mean of oscillation, amplitude, acrophase and period length in a different extent. For Danio rerio the periodogram analysis revealed a significant circadian component of swimming activity for control as well as exposure groups, whereby the spectral amplitude clearly decreased at microcystin-LR concentrations of 15 and 50 μg l^- 1. For Leucaspius delineatus the amplitude of circadian rhythm was decreased at all exposure concentrations of MC-LR. Furthermore the dominance of circadian rhythm was clearly reduced, whereas the rate of ultradian rhythms increased at elevated MC-LR concentrations of 5 μg l^- 1, 15 μg l^- 1 and 50 μg l^- 1. The studied temporal aspects of behaviour clearly indicated stress symptoms in both fish species, therefore it proved to be a relevant method to characterise the impact of toxic substances in the environment and for biomonitoring.     

The effect of genome size on detailed species traits within closely related species of the same habitat

In spite of the large number of studies on genome size, studies comparing genome size and growth‐related traits across a wider range of species from the same habitat, taking into account species phylogeny, are largely missing. I estimated the relationship between genome size and different seed and seedling traits in perennial herbs occurring in dry calcareous grasslands in northern Bohemia, Czech Republic. There was no relationship between genome size and plant traits in simple regression analyses, but several strong relationships emerged in analyses based on pairwise phylogenetically independent contrasts. There was a significant relationship between monoploid genome size and production of above‐ground biomass, seedling establishment success and seed weight and between holoploid genome size and seed dormancy. Because the results are based on phylogenetically independent contrasts over a range of species from the same type of habitat, they allow me to conclude that these patterns were not because of species group or habitat type, but really show a correlation with genome size. In contrast to previous studies, I found a higher number of relationships with monoploid than with holoploid genome size. This may be because the traits observed in this study are directly related to plant growth and thus to life‐cycle time, which is determined by monoploid genome size. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 160 , 290–298.     

Eight new species of Marasmodes (Asteraceae,Anthemideae) from South Africa

During a stay at the Kirstenbosch Research Centre in Cape Town (South Africa), several groups of Asteraceae were studied. One of these was the genus Marasmodes (tribe Anthemideae). After a careful taxonomic study of additional material, including the first species described by A. P. de Candolle, the author has concluded that eight collections should be considered as new species. These new species are described and their relationships with the most similar species of the genus are discussed. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 159 , 330–342.     

Polymorphism hides cryptic species in Oerstedia dorsalis (Nemertea, Hoplonemertea)

The marine hoplonemertean Oerstedia dorsalis is considered to be a highly polymorphic species with extensive geographic distribution. We show, based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S and nuclear internal transcribed spacer sequences, that there are genetic subsets withing this species. Seventy-one specimens of various colours from different geographic localities (in Europe) were sequenced and analysed using statistical parsimony and Bayesian analysis. Both analyses supported nine major clades. We conclude that O. dorsalis hides different species with geographic resolution. These species, however, appear to be polymorphic as well, and we find no diagnostic features in pigmentation or external characters to separate species within this complex.  © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2009, 98 , 556–567.     

Effects of ozone on species composition in an upland grassland

Northern hemispheric background concentrations of ozone are increasing, but few studies have assessed the ecological significance of these changes for grasslands of high conservation value under field conditions. We carried out a 3-year field experiment in which ozone was released at a controlled rate over three experimental transects to produce concentration gradients over the field site, an upland mesotrophic grassland located in the UK. We measured individual species biomass in an annual hay cut in plots receiving ambient ozone, and ambient ozone elevated by mean concentrations of approximately 4 ppb and 10 ppb in the growing seasons of 2008 and 2009. There was a significant negative effect of ozone exposure on herb biomass, but not total grass or legume biomass, in 2008 and 2009. Within the herb fraction, ozone exposure significantly decreased the biomass of Ranunculus species and that of the hemi-parasitic species Rhinanthus minor. Multivariate analysis of species composition, taking into account spatial variation in soil conditions and ozone exposure, showed no significant ozone effect on the grass component. In contrast, by 2009, ozone had become the dominant factor influencing species composition within the combined herb and legume component. Our results suggest that elevated ozone concentrations may be a significant barrier to achieving increased species diversity in managed grasslands.     

养分与水分添加对荒漠草地植物群落结构和物种多样性的影响

为进一步了解养分添加和水分添加对干旱区草地植物多样性的影响, 2009-2011年5月15日, 对准噶尔盆地荒漠草地进行养分和水分添加, 2009-2012年5月25日进行植被调查, 研究群落结构与植物多样性对养分N、P、K与水分(雨、雪)添加的响应, 得出以下结果: (1)添加肥、水后, 荒漠草地植物群落结构发生了变化, 物种数由肥、水添加前的17种减少到添加后的11种, 减少了35.3%, 禾草类植物数目增加, 十字花科植物数量下降; (2)通过裂区试验方差分析, 2009年和2010年, 养分主效应对物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数的影响不显著, 水分主效应和肥水交互作用对以上4个植物多样性指数的影响也不显著; (3) 2012年, 养分主效应对物种丰富度影响显著(p < 0.05), 养分添加降低了荒漠草地物种丰富度, 而水分作用、肥水交互作用对物种丰富度的影响均不显著; 肥水交互作用对植物Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数的影响显著(p < 0.05), 而养分添加、水分添加对其影响亦不显著; (4)荒漠草地植物的Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数在年际间呈上升趋势。     

中国窄吉丁属二新种及一新记录种记述(鞘翅目:吉丁科)

记述脊窄吉丁种团Agrilus japanocarinatus species-group 2新种:长脊窄吉丁Agrilus longicarinus sp.nov.(广东)和林氏窄吉丁 A.lini sp.nov.(海南).首次记录了阿氏窄吉丁 A.arsenevi Jendek,2009.编制了该种团的中国种检索表,记录了6种中国窄吉丁的新分布地.