二十四式简化太极拳联合呼吸功能训练对中老年COPD患者肺功能、运动耐力及心理状态的影响

摘要 目的：探讨二十四式简化太极拳联合呼吸功能训练对中老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者肺功能、运动耐力及心理状态的影响。方法：选取2019年4月~2020年8月期间我院收治的中老年COPD患者81例,按照信封抽签法分为对照组（40例,给予呼吸功能训练干预）和观察组（41例,给予二十四式简化太极拳联合呼吸功能训练干预）,均干预6个月。对比两组干预前、干预6个月后的肺功能、运动耐力、心理状态及生活质量。结果：两组干预6个月后用力肺活量（FVC）、1 秒用力呼气容积( FEV1)、FEV1/FVC升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预6个月后呼吸症状、疾病影响、活动受限评分降低,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预6个月后6 min步行试验（6MWT）距离延长,且观察组长于对照组（P<0.05）。两组干预6个月后人际关系、抑郁、偏执、敌对、焦虑、恐惧评分降低,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：中老年COPD患者经二十四式简化太极拳联合呼吸功能训练干预后,肺功能、运动耐力、生活质量及心理状态均得到显著改善,提示该康复训练方案可用于辅助中老年COPD患者的治疗。     

长期有氧运动对中老年人甲襞微循环的影响

目的：观察中老年人甲襞微循环的变化,探讨长期有氧运动对中老年人甲襞微循环的影响。方法：根据试验要求招募21名受试者,男女比例2：1,年龄53.23 ±8.12岁,对其进行两个阶段的有氧运动干预。第一阶段：以50%最大摄氧量运动8周。具体运动方式为慢跑（跑步机或室外）,每周运动4次,每次运动1 h。第二阶段：以65%~70%最大摄氧量运动6周,运动方式同第一阶段。分别在运动开始前、第一阶段运动结束后和第二阶段运动结束后使用XTL-1型微循环显微镜对受试者左手无名指的甲襞微循环进行测试。结果：①第一阶段结束后受试者管袢形态积分值和总积分值与试验前相比显著性下降（P < 0.05）,第二阶段结束后管袢形态积分（P < 0.01）、血流形态积分（P < 0.05）、袢周形态积分（P < 0.05）及总积分值（P < 0.05）与试验前相比都明显降低。（2）部分子指标：第一阶段结束后乳头积分值与试验前相比明显下降（P < 0.05）;第二阶段结束后流速积分值（P < 0.05）、管袢畸形积分值（P < 0.05）、清晰度积分值（P < 0.05）、乳头积分值（P < 0.01）与试验前相比显著下降。结论：长期的有氧运动可使中老年人甲襞微循环的形态结构和生理功能得到一定程度的改善。在一定强度的范围内,运动强度越大中老年人微循环系统改善的程度越高,建议中老年人在进行体育锻炼时运动强度应不低于50%最大摄氧量。     

Automatic individual calibration in fall detection – an integrative ambulatory measurement framework

The objective of the current study was to demonstrate the utility of a new integrative ambulatory measurement (IAM) framework by developing and evaluating an individual calibration function in fall detection application. Ten healthy elderly persons were involved in a laboratory study and tested in a protocol comprising various types of activities of daily living and slip-induced backward falls. Inertial measurement units attached to the trunk and thigh segments were used to measure trunk angular kinematics and thigh accelerations. The effect of individual calibration was evaluated with previously developed fall detection algorithm. The results indicated that with individual calibration, the fall detection performance achieved approximately the same level of sensitivity (100% vs. 100%) and specificity (95.25% vs. 95.65%); however, response time was significantly lower than without (249 ms vs. 255 ms). It was concluded that the automatic individual calibration using the IAM framework improves the performance of fall detection, which has a greater implication in preventing/minimising injuries associated with fall accidents.     

Naps and exercise: reinforcing a range of benefits for elderly health

According to the United Nations, in 2017, people aged 60 or over in the world, comprised 13 per cent of the global population. It is a fact that elderly people are keeping a health lifestyle, such as practicing physical exercises and avoiding excessive dosages of medications. However, this population is also more prone to have injuries while practicing exercises. Sleep architecture is physiologically different among elderly, and naps can be very beneficial to improve their mental and physical health. Thus, in this article, we encourage health professionals to recommend regular naps to this population, which could lead to an improve in their well-being and quality of life.     

A clinico-demographic analysis of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00431.x A clinico‐demographic analysis of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly Introduction: The elderly represent an increasing proportion of society. Management of maxillofacial trauma in this population may be complicated by coexisting medical conditions, requiring multi‐disciplinary care. Methods: This retrospective audit assesses the incidence and pattern of maxillofacial trauma in elderly patients (≥60 years) presented to the Merseyside Regional Maxillofacial Unit. Over the time period of 2003, 2004 and 2005, 7905 trauma patients presented to the accident and emergency department, of whom 757 were elderly (10%). Results: Results indicated that the male to female ratio was 1:1.4. The commonest cause of injury was a fall (83%) followed by an assault (6%); the majority of falls occurring in the home. Conclusion: Management of maxillofacial injuries in this population should focus on targeted prevention programmes, which address known risk factors for falling. We believe that this is a public health issue. Members of the maxillofacial team should be aware of common risk factors of falls in elderly. Better collaboration with the Medicine for Elderly team should be considered at an early stage on managing these patients.     

10周核心力量练习对男性中老年人平衡能力的影响

目的：探讨核心力量练习对中老年男性平衡能力的影响,为运动锻炼改善老年人平衡能力和降低跌倒风险提供依据。方法：选取16名50~60岁男性中老年人,随机分为试验组（核心力量练习）和对照组,每组8人。利用悬吊绳和瑜伽垫进行动、静态支撑与推拉练习以及徒手下肢力量等间歇性组合核心力量训练,共练习10周,每周4~5次,每次50~60 min。对照组保持原有生活习惯。锻炼前后测定受试者静态平衡和动态平衡等指标。结果：①锻炼后试验组闭眼单脚站立时间和动态平衡得分较锻炼前显著升高分别为（9.00±2.27） s、（10.63±1.69） s,P<0.01;（77.38±10.94）、（89.50±5.53）,P<0.01。②锻炼后试验组星形伸展平衡测试（SEBT）,右腿支撑时左腿在8个方向、左腿支撑时右腿在6个方向的SEBT值均较锻炼前显著增加（P<0.01）。结论：10周核心力量练习显著提高男性中老年人的动、静态平衡能力。