Molecular tools confirm natural Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis/L. (V.) shawi hybrids causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region of Brazil

Seven isolates from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region of Brazil were phenotypically suggestive of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis/L. (V.) shawi hybrids. In this work, two molecular targets were employed to check the hybrid identity of the putative hybrids. Heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene sequences were analyzed by three different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches, and two different patterns of inherited hsp70 alleles were found. Three isolates presented heterozygous L. (V.) guyanensis/L. (V.) shawi patterns, and four presented homozygous hsp70 patterns involving only L. (V.) shawi alleles. The amplicon sequences confirmed the RFLP patterns. The high-resolution melting method detected variant heterozygous and homozygous profiles. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping/cleaved amplified polymorphic site analysis suggested a higher contribution from L. (V.) guyanensis in hsp70 heterozygous hybrids. Additionally, PCR-RFLP analysis targeting the enzyme mannose phosphate isomerase (mpi) gene indicated heterozygous and homozygous cleavage patterns for L. (V.) shawi and L. (V.) guyanensis, corroborating the hsp70 findings. In this communication, we present molecular findings based on partial informative regions of the coding sequences of hsp70 and mpi as markers confirming that some of the parasite strains from the Brazilian Amazon region are indeed hybrids between L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) shawi.     

Photosynthetic characteristics of the shade-adapted C4 grass Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin.: control of development of photorespiration by growth temperature

Muhlenbergia sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin., a C₄ grass, occurs in understory habitats in the northeastern United States. Plants of M. sobolifera were grown at 23 and 30°C at 150 and 700 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹. The photosynthetic CO₂ compensation point, maximum CO₂ assimilation, dark respiration and the absorbed quantum use efficiency (QUE) were measured at 23 and 30°C at 2 and 20% O₂. Photosynthetic CO₂ compensation points ranged from 4 to 14mm³ dm⁻³ CO₂ and showed limited O₂ sensitivity. The mean photosynthetic CO₂ compensation point of plants grown at 30°C (4·5 mm³ dm⁻³) was 57% lower and 80% less inhibited by O₂ than that of plants grown at 23°C. Photosynthesis was similarly affected by growth temperature, with 70% more O₂ inhibition in plants grown at 23°C; suppression over all treatments ranging from 2 to 11%. Unlike typical C₄ species, plants of M. sobolifera from both temperature regimes exhibited higher CO₂ assimilation rates when grown at low light. Growth temperature and light also affected QUE; plants grown at low light and 23°C had the highest value (0·068 mol CO₂/mol quanta). Measurement temperature and growth light regime significantly affected dark respiration; however, O² did not affect QUE or dark respiration under any growth or measurement conditions. The results indicate that M. sobolifera is adapted to low PPFD, and that complete suppression of photorespiration is dependent upon high growth temperature.     

紫苏、白苏的抑菌实验

用不同溶剂浸泡或处理紫苏后,进行抑菌实验,结果表明：１０％以上浓度的紫苏水浸液,１２．５％水煎液和乙醇提取液对白色念球菌、新型隐球菌以及红色毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌有较好的抑菌效果。紫苏、皱紫共、白苏对真菌均有抑菌作用,但皱紫苏对绿脓杆菌、白苏对克柔氏念球菌、白色念球菌以及绿脓杆菌效果更为明显。     

Two Na^＋ and Cl^- Hyperaccumulators of the Chenopodiaceae

The authors found five sodium (Na^ ) and chloride (Cl^-) hyperaccumulating halophytes in the Temperate Desert of Xinjiang, China and studied two of them (Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. and Kalidium folium (Pall.) Moq.). K. folium and S. salsa had a NaCl content of 32.1% and 29.8%, respectively, on a dry weight basis. X-ray microanalysis of the Na in the vacuole, apoplasts and cytoplasm of the two plants indicated a ratio of 7.3:5.6:1.0 in K. folium and 7.3:6.6:1.0 in S. salsa. These data show that K. folium and S. salsa both have a high Na and Cl^- accumulating capacity, which is related to high activity of tonoplast H^ -ATPase and H^ -PPase.     

三七粉的利尿作用研究

目的:研究三七粉对大鼠的利尿作用及相关机制。方法:建立大鼠胃水负荷模型,采用代谢笼法考察不同剂量三七粉对模型大鼠的利尿作用;测定Na~+、K~+、Cl~-排出量,研究其相关机理。结果:三七粉高剂量组灌胃给药后,第2 h到第5 h能显著增加大鼠的排尿量,与空白组比较有显著性差异(P0.01,P0.05),给药后第6 h以后基本无利尿作用。三七粉高剂量增加尿液Na~+、Cl~-排出(P0.01),减少K~+排泄,抑制了肾小管对Na~+的重吸收和K~+的排泄。三七粉高剂量能明显升高大鼠尿液pH值(P0.01),其对pH值的影响效果与氢氯噻嗪、金钱草颗粒的影响效果相近。结论:三七粉具有明显利尿作用,能显著提高胃水负荷模型大鼠尿量,其机制可能与三七粉影响了肾小管对Na~+的重吸收和K~+的排泄有关。     

Studies on the induction of histocompatibility gene mutations in germ cells of mice by chemical mutagens and/or virus-inducing compounds

This work continues earlier studies concerning the use of histocompatibility mutations in mammalian germ cells as a mutagenicity test system (H test). The rate of spontaneous H mutations was re-examined using a new basis for the classification of H mutants. This procedure led to very high frequencies of suspected spontaneous H mutants: among C57Bl/6 mice, 6% and among C3H mice, 9%. F₂ hybrids of a cross between these strains revealed 1% suspected H mutants. Using the same procedure, the sensitivity of the H test was examined with the mutagens ethylnitrosourea, benzo[a]pyrene, 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), with the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and with the antibacterial nitrofurantoin. It was possible to demonstrate the mutagenic potential of all mutagens tested as well as their specific action on the different stages of male germ cell development. We succeeded in demonstrating the mutagenicity of 2-AAF for the first time in germ cells of a mammal. In contrast to the negative result with benzopyrene (BP) in the specific locus test, BP induced H mutants even at the very low dose of 2 mg/kg. DMSO was found to induce H mutations in spermatogonia. This extraordinary result is possibly due to the virus-inducing properties of this compound. Nitrofurantoin which is often used in treating bacterial infections of the urinary tract in humans showed a very stage-specific action on maturing spermatids. The value of the H test for mutagenicity testing is discussed with respect to its sensitivity and economy. The very high spontaneous frequency of suspected H mutants and the ease of inducing incraased mutant frequencies by mutagens and by DMSO suggest the possibility that the majority of the histoincompatibilities found in the H test are due to induced antigenic gene products of endogenous viruses. This, however, does not interfere with the applicability of the H test for mutagenicity testing, but rather seems to augment its sensitivity to alkylating mutagens as well as mutagens which probably cause frameshift mutations.Other tests for mutations and/or inherited tumor proneness using mouse germ cells can easily be combined with the H test, because the test animal does not have to be killed, thus reducing the cost of the test.     

氮离子注入对蒙古黄芪多倍体诱导的影响

利用二倍体蒙古黄芪种子为材料,以低能氮离子束为诱变源,将化学诱导与物理诱变相结合,探索出一套高效的多倍体诱导新方法。研究结果表明：氮离子注入种子后表现出明显的生物学效应;氮离子注入与秋水仙素联合诱导黄芪多倍体的效果很明显。氮离子注入剂量为2.6×10¹⁶ N⁺/cm²,秋水仙素浓度为100 mg·L^-1,培养5 d诱导率最高为44.4%;氮离子注入剂量为5.2×10¹⁶ N⁺/cm², 秋水仙素浓度为150 mg·L^-1,培养10d的诱导率最高为46.2%;二者均高于对照组秋水仙素浓度为100 mg·L^-1培养15 d的最高诱导率13.9%。利用细胞染色体计数鉴定多倍体为四倍体。     

白及块茎铜,锌超氧物歧化酶的纯化及其性质

白及（Ｂｌｅｉｌｌａｓｔｒｉａｔａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｒｅｉｃｈｂ．ｆ．）的ＳＯＤ同工酶只有一条较宽的谱带,确认为Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ。其块茎ＳＯＤ总活性和比活性都高,且含有丰富的白及胶;经丙酮分级沉淀,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１００凝胶过滤和ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析分离纯化,获得对ＣＮ￣－敏感的淡兰色Ｃｕ·ＺｎＳｏＤ粉末。在凝胶电泳染色图谱上,纯化后的酶与粗酶液的ＳＯＤ区带相对应,且其酶活性染色带与蛋白染色带位置对应,表明已纯化到均一程度。该酶分子量约３３ＫＤ,亚基分子量约为１６．４ＫＤ;紫外光区的吸收峰在２６４．６ｎｍ,等电聚焦电泳呈现一条蛋白区带,ｐＨ值在４．３５左右;该酶在ｐＨ６．０～１０．０,温度在５０℃范围内具稳定性。纯化后的酶为４５６３．２ｕ／ｍｇ·蛋白,纯化了５１倍,活力回收为２２．３％。上述酶没有过氧化氢酶活性。提取过程中还得到高质量的副产品白及胶。     

麦冬与山麦冬块根形态发育的比较研究

采用石蜡切片法,对不同发育阶段的麦冬和山麦冬块根进行了显微观察,结果表明麦冬和山麦冬块根均是在不定根的根尖部位形成,其生长发育主要依靠皮层细胞层数的增加和皮层细胞体积的增大来实现,但在麦冬与山麦冬中,两者在块根膨大中所起的作用有所不同:皮层细胞层数的增加和皮层细胞体积的增大在麦冬块根膨大的过程中均起着重要作用,而在山麦冬块根膨大的过程中则以皮层细胞层数的增加为主,皮层细胞体积的增大为辅。     

Movement of fluorescein into isolated caryopses of wheat and barley

Abstract. The movement of fluorescein, a symplastic fluorescent tracer, into isolated caryopses of wheat and barley is described. The dye followed the pathway to the endosperm which has been proposed previously from anatomical studies, namely a movement from the phloem, through cells of the pigment strand and nucellar projection, followed by a radial spread of the dye from the endosperm cavity into the starchy endosperm. By contrast, the fluorochromes calcofluor white M2R and ANS remained confined to the apoplast and failed to cross the 'xylem discontinuity' at the base of the caryopses.     

2种补血草属植物幼苗对NaCl胁迫的生理响应

以盐生植物大叶补血草和黄花补血草为实验材料,研究了NaCl胁迫对其幼苗叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛含量等的影响,探讨这些生理指标的变化与补血草耐盐性的关系。结果表明,150mmol/LNaCl胁迫均使大叶补血草和黄花补血草幼苗叶片的叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和叶绿素总量降低,而过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,且这种胁迫效应随处理时间的延长而增强,在相同胁迫时间段,大叶补血草各指标的减少或增加幅度明显大于黄花补血草;NaCl胁迫使大叶补血草叶片可溶性蛋白含量降低,却使黄花补血草可溶性蛋白含量增加。表明,NaCl胁迫对大叶补血草的伤害更大,黄花补血草的耐盐性可能强于大叶补血草。     

辛夷与木兰名实新考

辛夷与木兰是中国传统的中药材 ,也是传统的树种名称 ,栽培历史悠久。通过对辛夷与木兰进行认真细致地考证 ,首次提出 :1辛夷 L assonia quinquepeta Buc'hoz是望春玉兰 Yulania biondii(Pam p.) D.L.Fu,不是紫玉兰 Y.liliiflora(Desr.) D.L.Fu;2辛夷药材泛指玉兰属 Yulania Spach树种的干燥花蕾 ,玉兰属植物可统称为辛夷植物 ;3木兰是木莲 Manglietia fordiana Oliv.或黄心夜合 Michelia martinii(H.Lév.) Finet & Gagnep.ex H.Lév.等 ,不为玉兰属树种。纠正了现代有关工具书、植物学专著、药学专著及高等院校教材等广为认同的“辛夷即木兰、木兰即紫玉兰”的错误观点。     

A Revision of Ajania potaninii ( Krasch.) Poljak. Group (Compositae)

In 1983, in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 76 (1) Ajania potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak. was treated broadly by the present author. At that time, Chrysanthemum potaninii (Krasch.) Hand.-Mazz. var. amphiseriaceum Hand.-Mazz. , Chrysanthemum truncatum Hand. -Mazz. and Ajania hypoleuca Ling in shed were treated as synonyms of Ajania potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak. Evidently, the treatment of the three taxa was not suitable. It seems neccessary to make further revision in the present paper. Abovementioned three names treated as synonyms should be regarded as three different species of Ajania. However, these three species are closely related to Ajania potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak. They are keying as follows: 1. Leaves undivided. 2. Leaves discolour, green, glabrous above, cinereous-white, densely white-tomentose beneath ............................................. 1. Ajania potaninii (Krasch.) Poljak. 2. Leaves concolour on both sides, cinereous-white, densely white-tomentose ......... ................................................ 2. Ajania amphiseriacea (Hand. -Mazz. ) Shih 1. Leaves pinnatipartite or pinnatisect. 3. Leaves pinnatipartite, discolour, green, glabrous above, cinereous-white, densely white-tomentose beneath ....................................... 3. Ajania hypoleuca Ling 3. Leaves pinnatisect, concolour on both sides, cinereous-white, densely white-tomen- rosa ............................................. 4. Ajania truncata (Hand.-Mazz. ) Ling     

A role for cytidine monophosphate in the regulation of the glycerophospholipid composition of surfactant in developing lung

The concentration of cytidine monophosphate (CMP) in lung tissue was found to increase during rabbit lung development from 12 nmol/g of tissue on day 23 of gestation to 52 nmol/g in the adult. The concentrations of cytidine triphosphate in lung tissue decreased from 113 nmol/g of tissue on day 23 to 63 nmol/g of tissue in the adult. The concentration of CDP-choline increased from 14.9 nmol/g at day 21 of gestation to 38.4 at day 26 and decreased subsequently in the newborn (6.5 nmol/g) and adult (9.7 nmol/g). The increase in the concentration of CMP in lung appeared to be organ and nucleotide specific since there was no increase in the concentration of CMP in liver tissue, and the concentration of AMP in the lung tissue did not increase with development. A function for CMP in regulating the availability of CDP-diacylglycerol is proposed to account for the changes in the glycerophospholipid composition of lung surfactant which occur during development.     

湘西地区木通果实微量元素的测定

采用马弗炉干法灰化消化样品,火馅原子吸收法连续测定白木通Akebia trifoliata var.australis (Cieli._Kehd、三叶木通A.trifoliata(Thumb.)Koidz、木通A.quinata Decne.果实中微量金属元素,检测出K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu等8种元素含量。3种植物果实中K,Ca,Mg含量较高(＞0．1000mg/g),其中K元素远高于其他元素,Na,Cu含量较低(＜0．0100mg/g)。Fe,Zn,Mn的含量处于中等水平。白木通果实中K,Me,Zn,Mn 4种矿质元素高于三叶木通和木通。木通果实中Ca,Fe两种元素稍高于白木通、三叶木通。Na,Cu两种微量元素在3种果实中含量基本相拟。     

蓝萼香茶菜化学成分的研究

从长白山产蓝萼香茶菜[Ralxlosia Japonica(Burm.f.)Hara var.glaucocalyx(Maxim.)Hara]地上全草中分得13个化合物,根据理化常数和波谱学数据分别鉴定为：木栓酮(1)、β-谷淄醇(2)、乙酰熊果酸(3)、齐墩果酸(4)、熊果酸(5)、蓝萼香茶菜素A(6)、2α-羟基熊果酸(7)、2α,3α-二羟基熊果酸(8)、ent-7β,14α,15三羟基-16-贝壳杉烯-3-酮(9)、山香三萜二烯酸(10)、槲皮素(11)、β-谷甾醇3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(12)和果糖(13)。化合物8为第一次从该植物中分得,化合物10为第一次从该属植物中分得。     

紫苏挥发油抑制皮肤癣菌及的作用

用水蒸气蒸馏法得到紫苏挥发油 ,进行抑菌以及抑制超氧阴离子自由基的实验。结果表明 :紫苏挥发油对红色毛癣菌 ,石膏样小孢子癣菌 ,絮状表皮癣菌有较好的抑菌作用 ,并能有效的抑制O　·2 的生成     

NaCl处理下两种补血草种子萌发和幼苗抗性的比较

用不同浓度的NaCl处理盐生植物黄花补血草和大叶补血草,研究其种子萌发和幼苗叶片中叶绿素和可溶性蛋白等各项生理指标的变化,分析比较这两种植物的耐盐性。结果表明,NaCl处理抑制两种补血草种子的萌发,此效应具有浓度依赖性,低浓度的NaCl促进黄花补血草根和大叶补血草茎叶的生长,高浓度的NaCl抑制两种补血草幼苗的生长;与对照比,50、150和300 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理后,两种补血草幼苗叶片的叶绿素a（Chla）、叶绿素b（Chlb）和叶绿素总量均减少,而H₂O₂和MDA含量却增加;低浓度的NaCl处理使两种补血草幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白含量增加,而高浓度的NaCl处理使其可溶性蛋白的含量降低。此外,相同浓度的NaCl处理对大叶补血草种子萌发、叶绿素含量等指标的抑制作用明显强于黄花补血草,且其MDA产生明显强于黄花补血草,这些表明黄花补血草可能比大叶补血草具有较强的耐盐性。     

亚贡叶中营养成分和功能性化学成分分析

亚贡[Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. et Endl.) H. Robinson]为多年生草本植物[1],原产南美洲安第斯山脉,是当地印第安人的传统根茎食品, 在我国海南、台湾等地有种植.亚贡生长在亚热带气候、无霜冻、湿度大、常年云雾缭绕且海拔1 000 m以上的高山中.亚贡可生长至2～3 m,根茎在生长7～12个月后成熟.根茎中果寡糖含量丰富[2],其低热量、高甜度的特性适合糖尿病人及减肥者食用[3].