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[目的]为探明小花棘豆不同组织中内生真菌带菌率及其种属分布特点,对采自内蒙古阿拉善盟草原的小花棘豆各组织内生真菌进行检测与分离.[方法]制作小花棘豆不同组织临时装片,通过染色观察与分离鉴定方法研究小花棘豆各组织中内生真菌分布形态、带菌率以及内生真菌种属分布情况.[结果]通过临时装片染色技术从小花棘豆茎、叶、叶柄及种子中均检测到内生真菌并观察到其在各组织中的分布特点;采用普通分离方法从小花棘豆四种组织中分离出79株内生真菌,鉴定为5个种.比较小花棘豆各组织内生真菌带菌率与分离率发现种子>叶>茎>叶柄,且小花棘豆内生真菌的主要优势种(相对分离频率)为疯草内内生真菌(Undifilum oxytropis)(77.32%),砖格孢属(Embellisia sp.)L12(64.00%),镰刀菌属(Fusarium equiseti)(50.00%).[结论]小花棘豆各组织中普遍存在内生真菌,其在各组织中的形态分布各异,内生真菌数量与种属分布存在组织差异性,种子和叶是内生真菌侵染和定殖的主要部位. 相似文献
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【目的】了解内蒙古阿拉善和宁夏天然草原的小花棘豆和变异黄芪不同组织中内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis的显微分布特点和含量分布规律。【方法】通过石蜡切片结合乳酸酚棉蓝染色法观察,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)进行定量研究,获得各组织(茎、叶、种子和根)中内生真菌分布和含量。【结果】种子中内生真菌主要定殖于种皮栅栏组织与薄壁组织两层的细胞间隙;叶片组织主要定殖于靠近气孔的表皮细胞层,茎髓中内生真菌围绕于茎髓质维管束纵轴边缘的薄壁细胞层中;RT-qPCR的检测限为0.029 pg/ng总DNA,各采样点相应组织内生真菌含量不同,两采样点小花棘豆种子中U.oxytropis含量均为最高,叶和茎相反,两地变异黄芪为种子中最高,根最低,叶和茎相反。【结论】内生真菌寄生在植物组织时对宿主组织和细胞类型均有选择性,生境对疯草中内生真菌的定殖和分布也有影响。 相似文献
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在完成小花棘豆毒素 95 %氨基酸序列的基础上 ,根椐已知的氨基酸序列 ,设计合成了特异简并引物 .以小花棘豆总RNA为模板 ,逆转录合成cDNA第一链 ,用置换法合成双链cDNA .用特异引物对此双链cDNA进行PCR扩增 ,将扩增后的目的基因与用SmaⅠ酶切的质粒pUC 18连接 ,转化大肠杆菌JM10 7.筛选阳性克隆进行序列分析 ,获得了OXY基因的全部序列 .经测序后测得基因序列与原氨基酸序列对照完全一致 .GenBnak数据检索说明 ,OXY基因编码序列确定是一个从未报道的序列 .此研究结果对该毒素的应用研究奠定了基础 . 相似文献
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利用平板分离法从药用植物益母草(Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet)中分离到15株内生真菌,来源于根、茎、叶分别有2,6,7株。经形态学观察和染色等方法,初步鉴定了益母草内生真菌有3个属,曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)2株、头孢霉属(Cephalosporiumsp.)3株和囊孢霉属(Capsule sp.)10株。益母草内生真菌生物多样性较为单一,但不同部位内生菌的数量、种类及分布存在明显差异。 相似文献
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芦荟植物内生真菌的研究 Ⅰ.内生真菌的分离及鉴定 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:16
从中华芦荟 [AloeveraL .varChinese(HawBerg) ]、元江芦荟 [A .yuanjiangensisXiong&Zhengsp .nov .(暂拟 ) ]及库拉索芦荟 (A .barbadsisMill.)的根、叶、花柄、花中分离获得内生真菌共 88株 ,经形态观察分类鉴定为 4个目、3个科、2 2个属。且查明 ,芦荟不同种类不同部位微生物的数量、分布、种群及其组成存在有差异。 相似文献
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目的 筛选和鉴定具有抗菌活性的无患子内生真菌,为进一步探索其抗菌成分提供菌源。方法 采用拮抗试验和体外抗菌测试方法,以大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和白假丝酵母菌(Candida albicans)为指示菌,首次研究6株无患子内生真菌(HY11-1、HY11-2、P11、O、ye4、ye5)的抗菌特点。通过形态学观察和18S rDNA序列分析,对活性菌株进行菌种鉴定。结果 菌株HY11-1、ye5和P11具有较强的抗菌能力,其中菌株HY11-1对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌效果最显著,确定菌株HY11-1、ye5、P11分别为Alternaria alternate、Aspergillus ochraceus和Penicillium chrysogenum。结论 3株无患子内生真菌A. alternate HY11-1、A. ochraceus ye5和P. chrysogenum P11具有较强的抗菌效果,具有进一步研究的价值。 相似文献
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对12种34个地理种群的内蒙古棘豆属植物核糖体ITS区段和5.8S基因序列进行比较分析,并采用Maximum Likelihood法构建系统发育树.结果表明:支持棘豆属植物为单系起源,支持《内蒙古植物志》将黄毛棘豆(Oxytropis ochrantha)、多叶棘豆(O.verticillaris)、二色棘豆(O.bicolor)和砂珍棘豆(O.racemosa)归入真棘豆亚属(Subgen.Euoxytropis)轮叶棘豆组(Sect.Baicalia Stell.ex Bunge)的观点.推测多叶棘豆和砂珍棘豆ITS2区段出现的C/T转换可能是其部分种群混杂在其他物种中的主要原因,但基因转换对于系统发育的影响仍尚未可知.研究不支持传统分类学上对鳞萼棘豆(O.squammulosa)与刺叶柄棘豆(O.aci ph ylla)的划分,系统发育树显示二者聚为一支,而非与传统分类学上界定的同组或同亚属植物形成一支;结合植物地理学研究结果,认为刺叶柄棘豆与鳞萼棘豆为地理替代种.推测刺叶柄棘豆可能为多系起源物种.线叶棘豆(O.fili formis)和东北棘豆(O.coerulea与真棘豆亚属物种构成姐妹群,而非单室棘豆亚属植物.研究认为在物种界定过程中,只将少数几个形态学特征作为主要分类依据欠妥. 相似文献
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Type strains of 10 genotypically distinctSaccharomyces species are differentiated by ribosomal DNA restriction fragment analysis (ribotyping). The full length of the chromosomal ribosomal repeat was amplified in two parts, the 18SrDNA including both ITS regions (2600 bp) and the 25SrDNA (3300 bp). Restriction fragments generated by 9 enzymes from these two products yield characteristic patterns, by which unknownSaccharomyces isolates are assigned to the type strains. For convenient separation and detection only fragments longer than 200 bp were monitored. In contrast to molecular differentiation methods of highest resolution as RAPD-PCR or fingerprinting, the results from ribotyping are absolutely reproducible and thereby suitable for databases. The phylogeny computed from the discrete character matrix for presence/absence of fragments by the PHYLIP program package is in complete accordance to the phylogeny derived from ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. By this the field of application of the long range ribotyping can be regarded basically as equal to DNA sequence analysis of the same locus. Because distant relationships are recognized, missidentified genera were detected upon the species assignment. This cannot be done by methods of higher resolution like RAPD-PCR or fingerprinting. 相似文献
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粒毛盘菌属包括晶杯菌科中子囊盘表面具有毛状物,毛状物全表面具有颗粒状纹饰以及外囊盘被结构为矩胞组织的部分种类,种间形态解剖结构多样,研究采用ITS15.8S rDNAITS2序列分析的方法探讨该属种间的系统发育关系。在供试的粒毛盘菌15个分类单元中,14个以89%的支持强度值相聚在一起,其中Lachnum clandestinum与 L. fuscescens关系最近,其支持强度值为100%;其次为L. controversum 与L. spartinae,其支持强度值为97%;而姊妹群L. euterpes,L. pteridophyllum,L. singerianum和L. lushanense彼此关系较远,其支持强度值均小于50%;L. sclerotii位于系统发育树的最外侧,为供试15个分类单元中距离最远的一个,结果表明粒毛盘菌属可能是多起源的。 相似文献
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A Conserved Motif in the 5.8S Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Gene is a Useful Diagnostic Marker for Plant Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequences 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region has become an important nuclear locus for molecular systematic investigations of angiosperms at the intergenic and interspecific levels. Universal PCR primers are positioned on the conserved rRNA genes (18S, 5.8S, 26S) to amplify the entire ITS spacer region. Recent reports of fungal and algal contaminants, first described as plant ITS sequences, stress the need for diagnostic markers specific for the angiosperm ITS region. This report describes a conserved 14 base pair (bp) motif in the 5.8S rRNA gene that can be used to differentiate between flowering plants, bryophytes, and several orders of algae and fungi, including common plant pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi. A variant of the motif (found in fungi and algae) contains a convenient EcoRI restriction site that has several applications for eliminating problematic contaminants from plant ITS preparations. 相似文献
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从杭州采集的水稻、棉花和大豆猝倒苗中分离到国内新记录腐霉种Pythium sylvaticum。该腐霉为异宗配合种,菌丝膨大体球形或柠檬形,雄器异丝生,藏卵器光滑,每个藏卵器上1~3个雄器,雄器常在接近藏卵器处形成二叉状分枝,卵孢子不满器。测定了该种4 个菌株的核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS)的序列,根据与59种腐霉ITS序列的比较,设计了P. sylvaticum种专一性引物PSF1和PSR2。实际结果表明:该引物能从11种共14株腐霉DNA中特异性地扩增P. sylvaticum,从而与其它10种腐霉区分。 相似文献
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对9个链格孢小孢子种和3个大孢子种共20个链格孢菌株的5.8S rDNA及其两侧的ITS1区和ITS2区进行了序列分析。聚类分析结果表明形态差异大的种可以明确加以区分,而供试的9个小孢子种之间差异很小,不能根据对所选区段的序列分析加以区分。传统分类上的滨菊链格孢不属于Alternaria, 其分类地位需进一步研究。 相似文献
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Varela ES Lima JP Galdino AS Pinto Lda S Bezerra WM Nunes EP Alves MA Grangeiro TB 《Phytochemistry》2004,65(1):59-69
The complete sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS/5.8S) were determined for species belonging to six genera from the subtribe Diocleinae as well as for the anomalous genera Calopogonium and Pachyrhizus. Phylogenetic trees constructed by distance matrix, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods showed that Calopogonium and Pachyrhizus were outside the clade Diocleinae (Canavalia, Camptosema, Cratylia, Dioclea, Cymbosema, and Galactia). This finding supports previous morphological, phytochemical, and molecular evidence that Calopogonium and Pachyrhizus do not belong to the subtribe Diocleinae. Within the true Diocleinae clade, the clustering of genera and species were congruent with morphology-based classifications, suggesting that ITS/5.8S sequences can provide enough informative sites to allow resolution below the genus level. This is the first evidence of the phylogeny of subtribe Diocleinae based on nuclear DNA sequences. 相似文献
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In this study, we examined dermatophyte infections in patients referred to the Department of Dermatology, EL-Houd El-Marsoud
Hospital, Cairo, during March 2004 to June 2005. Of 506 patients enrolled in this investigation, 403 (79.6%) were clinically
diagnosed as having dermatophytoses (age range 6–70 years; males 240; females 163). Species identification determined by observation
of their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics was complemented with sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2
rDNA region. The most common dermatophyte infection diagnosed was tinea capitis (76.4%), followed by tinea corporis (22.3%)
and tinea unguium (1.2%). The most frequently isolated dermatophyte species was Trichophyton violaceum, which accounted for most (71.1%) of all the recovered dermatophytes, followed by Microsporum canis (21.09%), Trichophyton rubrum (6.2%), and Microsporum boullardii (0.49%); both Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton tonsurans were each only rarely isolated (0.24%). 相似文献
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内生真菌EPICOCCUM NIGRUM的形态与分子鉴定(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在调查松属植物内生真菌过程中,从植物组织中分离到45株Epicoccum nigrum。根据它们在PDA培养基生长时的总体形态特征,划分为三组形态类型。从每组类型中随机选取三个代表菌株作进一步的分子鉴定。rDNA的ITS和5.8S基因序列分析结果表明,这9个菌株为E. nigrum。我们的研究结果也证明了前人提出的在Epicoccum菌种鉴定中,孢子大小和菌落颜色不能作为可靠的种级分类特征。 相似文献

