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异基因造血干细胞移植(HSCT)后自身免疫性溶血性贫血(AIHA)是HSCT后并不少见的并发症,其发病率约1﹪~ 6﹪,不同于一般的AIHA,HSCT后AIHA发病机制尚未完全明确,可能与HSCT后受者体内免疫失调相关。危险因素与移植患者年龄小、非恶性疾病、使用无关供者、半相合供者移植、脐血移植、去T细胞移植及移植后并发慢性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)等有关。皮质激素作为一线治疗,疗效有限,难以持续缓解,需联合使用利妥昔单抗(RTX)、大剂量丙种球蛋白等,甚至需要联合霉酚酸酯、环磷酰胺、西罗莫司、阿伦单抗、依库丽单抗或蛋白酶体抑制剂硼替佐米等免疫抑制剂治疗,部分患者需行血浆置换,偶有行脾切除术者。移植后AIHA总死亡率常高达50﹪,总体预后差于单纯AIHA。该综述旨在总结HSCT后并发AIHA的最新治疗进展,供临床医师参考。  相似文献   

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研究花粉致急性溶血性贫1例患者病历资料以及临床治疗方法效果。方法:选取本院收治的1例12岁男性患者,针对其基本资料、临床治疗方法以及治疗效果进行资料回顾性分析。结果:24h后症状表现明显好转,2日后测血常规,各项指标明显好转。后经持续对症支持治疗,初期1周内,连续血测,给予加强治疗,未见器官衰竭,血常规持续好转,至第5日便已转归。结论:一般发现绝大多数AHA,诊断时应与细菌感染类白血病等其它疾病相鉴别,寻找其它诱发因素。  相似文献   

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目的:探讨不同输血方法治疗自身免疫性溶血性贫血(autoimmune hemolytic anemia,AIHA)的效果。方法:2017年1月-2018年12月选择在本院血液科诊治的64例自身免疫性溶血性贫血患儿,根据输血方法的不同分为观察组与对照组,各32例。观察组给予洗涤红细胞输注治疗,对照组给予非洗涤红细胞(悬浮红细胞)输注治疗,记录两组输血效果。结果:治疗后4 w观察组的总有效率显著高于对照组(100.0%vs.87.5%,P0.05)。两组治疗后4 w的红细胞计数与血红蛋白都显著高于治疗前,且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组的吸氧、机械通气、住院时间都显著少于对照组(P0.05)。观察组治疗过程的过敏反应、发热反应、紫癜等不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(3.1%vs. 21.9%,P0.05)。结论:洗涤红细胞输注治疗自身免疫性溶血性贫血患儿能促进机体红细胞计数与血红蛋白恢复正常,减少不良反应的发生,提高治疗效果与促进患儿康复。  相似文献   

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苯肼致小鼠溶血性贫血模型的建立   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:应用苯肼致小鼠发生溶血性贫血,建立急性溶血性贫血模型,筛选苯肼致小鼠贫血最佳浓度和红细胞移植的最佳时机。方法:30只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为6组,经腹腔注射不同浓度的苯肼溶液,于注射前和注射后第1、3、5、7、9天采集小鼠外周血进行检测,记录相关指标的变化,比较各组之间的差异,筛选出最佳溶血效果的给药浓度和红细胞移植治疗介入的时机。结果:注射苯肼溶液可使C57BL/6小鼠短期内产生明显的急性溶血性贫血症状,皮肤黏膜颜色苍白;外周血红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积降低;随着苯肼溶液浓度的增加,小鼠体重显著减轻,存活率下降。结果表明,苯肼注射小鼠致贫血的最佳作用浓度为1.2mg/10g体重,小鼠贫血状态可维持7d。结论:建立了小鼠溶血性贫血模型,此模型可应用于红细胞输注效果的评价。  相似文献   

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<正>近年来,单抗药物因其独特的分子靶向性和良好的临床疗效成为全球研发的热点,治疗性抗体成为产业界及学术界合作研发的令人振奋的领域。目前,在美国和欧盟有约33种市场在售和约30种处于临床Ⅲ期的治疗性抗体药物,主要用于肿瘤、炎症和自身免疫病及其他一些疾病的治疗。主要对近几年单抗药物的市场状况及治疗靶点进行了概述。  相似文献   

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目的 通过对肝炎患者多种自身抗体检出率的比较,探讨其在自身免疫性肝炎中的临床诊断价值。方法 对75例自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)患者,64例非AIH肝炎患者和78例健康体检者进行自身抗体检测。采用免疫印迹法检测抗线粒体抗体-M2(AMA-M2)、抗肝肾微粒体-1抗体(LKM-1)、抗肝细胞胞质抗原-1抗体(LC-1)、抗可溶性肝抗原/肝‒胰抗原抗体(SLA/LP);采用间接免疫荧光法检测抗核抗体(ANA),并对各检测指标进行比对分析。结果 AIH组患者ANA、AMA-M2、LKM-1、LC-1、SLA/LP检测阳性率分别为100.0%、28.0%、9.3%、1.3%、10.7%均高于非AIH组患者的56.2%、3.1%、0.0%、0.0%、0.0%,且除LC-1外其余差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 联合检测ANA、AMA-M2、LKM-1、LC-1及SLA/LP对诊断自身免疫性肝炎具有重要的临床意义。  相似文献   

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随着治疗性单克隆抗体在临床治疗方面发挥的作用日益突显,其全球药物市场所占份额和研发投入均在逐年增加。除了抗体新药的开发,抗体药物效力和安全性相关的基因工程改造也越来越受到重视。在这些基因工程改造中,抗体半衰期改造已成为近年来研究的热点之一。对几种抗体半衰期改造技术进行了介绍,并简要描述了半衰期改造后抗体的临床研究现状。  相似文献   

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治疗性全抗体是一类前景良好的治疗药物,具有潜在的巨大市场。截至2003年6月,美国FDA批准的治疗性全抗体有20种。全抗体表达是抗体工程的研究重点之一,本对全抗体的表达及其研究进展进行了阐述。  相似文献   

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亚硒酸钠对大鼠自身免疫性甲状腺炎影响的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:研究亚硒酸钠对大鼠自身免疫性甲状腺炎的影响。方法:Wistar大鼠分为对照组、自身免疫性甲状腺炎(EAT)组和硒治疗EAT组。诱发EAT大鼠模型,硒治疗EAT组灌胃给予亚硒酸钠。观察甲状腺激素谱、抗体和组织学改变。结果:硒治疗EAT组的TgAb、TmAb较EAT组明显下降。对照组、EAT组和硒治疗EAT组的FT3分别为(1.96±0.90)、(81.90±61.41)、(79.07±69.73)%,FT4分别为(3.01±1.21)、(41.94±20.35)、(17.72±3.22)%,TSH水平变化不大(P□0.05)。硒治疗EAT组与EAT组相比甲状腺淋巴细胞浸润减少,滤泡破坏减轻。结论:硒可使EAT大鼠自身抗体水平降低,病理改变减轻,并降低FT4的水平。  相似文献   

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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a serious condition characterized by the severe hemolysis caused by increased levels of autoantibodies that specifically attack erythrocytes. Autoantibodies present difficulties in identifying alloantibodies, increasing the likelihood of hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs). In this report, we presented a rare and severe case of fatal HTRs caused by alloantibodies known as anti-S and anti-Wra in a female patient who had been suffering from hemolytic anemia for four decades. The patient's blood group type showed a significant inconsistency, later verified as AB CcDee by serologic tests. The antibody identification revealed unique patterns of anti-S and anti-Wra antibodies, with a noticeable disparity in agglutination intensity rated as 3+. Consequently, her erythrocytes were subjected to a freeze-thaw process, and the eluate showed robust pan-reactivity. The patient's MNS and Diego blood systems were analyzed using genetic sequencing, which confirmed the absence of the S or Wra antigen. However, the presence of a weakly positive S antigen in the serological result indicated the possibility of transfusion of leukocyte-poor red blood cells (LPRs) that carry the S antigen. As a result, the patient started receiving LPRs with the same phenotype, while avoiding S and Wra antigens. In addition, we evaluated the patient's state and discussed the appropriate blood transfusion protocol for AIHA in this case. Medical practitioners must possess expertise in identifying autoantibodies and alloantibodies in AIHA and devising a suitable blood transfusion plan.  相似文献   

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Oxidative stress due to a superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) deficiency causes anemia and autoimmune responses, which are phenotypically similar to autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 mice and aggravates AIHA pathogenesis in New Zealand black (NZB) mice. We report herein on an evaluation of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a model mouse with inherited SLE, that is, F1 mice of the NZB?×?New Zealand white (NZW) strain. The ROS levels within red blood cells (RBCs) of the F1 mice were similar to the NZW mice but lower compared to the NZB mice throughout adult period. Regarding SLE pathogenesis, we examined the effects of an SOD1 deficiency or the overexpression of human SOD1 in erythroid cells by establishing corresponding congenic F1 mice. A SOD1 deficiency caused an elevation in ROS production, methemoglobin content, and hyperoxidation of peroxiredoxin in RBC of the F1 mice, which were all consistent with elevated oxidative stress. However, while the overexpression of human SOD1 in erythroid cells extended the life span of the congenic F1 mice, the SOD1 deficiency had no effect on life span compared to wild-type F1 mice. It is generally recognized that NZW mice possess a larval defect in the immune system and that NZB mice trigger an autoimmune reaction in the F1 mice. Our results suggest that the oxidative insult originated from the NZB mouse background has a functional role in triggering an aberrant immune reaction, leading to fatal responses in F1 mice.  相似文献   

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We have found a new allele at the structural locus for glucosephosphate isomerase (called Gpi-1 c ) in a population of wild mice. The Gpi-1 c allele codes for an enzyme of greater cathodal electrophoretic mobility than either the Gpi-1 a or Gpi-1 b alleles found in the wild and in the SM/J and C57BL/6J inbred strains. Mice homozygous for Gpi-1 c have erythrocyte enzyme activity reduced to 33% of normal levels, altered pH profile, lowered heat stability, and normal K m 's when compared with SM/J and C57BL/6J mice. The activity of the enzyme in brain, liver, and kidney is not so markedly lowered, although the electrophoretic mobility, pH profile, and heat stability are altered in these tissues. Deficiencies of erythrocyte glucosephosphate isomerase in man, to this level, can cause severe hemolytic anemia. Homozygotes for Gpi-1 c show only mild hematological symptoms. The frequency of Gpi-1 c in wild populations of mice is discussed and the occurrence of a further rare allele Gpi-1 d is reported.This work was supported by M.R.C. grants to Professor R. J. Berry and Dr. H. Kacser, whom we should also like to thank for much help and useful discussion.  相似文献   

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心力衰竭是是临床上常见的急症,也是心血管疾病当中许多器质性心脏病晚期的并发症,其有较高的发病率和死亡率,并且严重影响着心血管疾病患者的生活质量。近些年来越来越多的国内外研究证明慢性心力衰竭患者常合并贫血,并且发病率随着心脏损害程度加重而增加。贫血与慢性心衰患者的生活质量及预后密切相关,其发病原因是多因素且较复杂的,治疗也是多方面的,本文主要概括近些年来国内外研究对慢性心力衰竭合并贫血有关的认识和进展。  相似文献   

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目的:应用苯肼建立小鼠急性溶血性贫血的方法已经成熟,但用苯肼建立慢性溶血性贫血模型尚未见报道。本研究试图应用苯肼口服法建立慢性溶血性贫血动物模型并探索最适建模的苯肼浓度。方法:42只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为6组通过口服不同浓度的苯肼溶液,于口服后的第0,1,2,3,4,5,6周目内眦采集小鼠外周血检测,记录相关指标变化比较各组之间的差异,筛选出最佳慢性溶血效果的给药浓度。结果:口服苯肼溶液浓度在250 mg/L以下时C57BL/6小鼠没有出现明显的贫血状态,当浓度调至250mg/L-350mg/L时可使C57BL/6小鼠在5-7周内出现溶血性贫血症状,各组小鼠的皮肤和粘膜颜色苍白,外周血红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积降低网织红细胞比例增高。但是当浓度达到350 mg/L时小鼠贫血情况过重且达不到慢性贫血的要求。当浓度为300 mg/L时小鼠各项血液指标平稳下降。结论:本实验建立了一种新的小鼠慢性贫血模型,且通过实验发现小鼠口服苯肼致慢性贫血的最佳浓度为300mg/L。据我们所知,这是首次使用苯肼建立慢性贫血的动物模型,此模型对研究人类慢性贫血具有重要价值。  相似文献   

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Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is considered a rare condition. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antineoplastic drugs are the main causes of DIIHA. An 86-year-old male patient with pulmonary infection was admitted to the 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force. The patient was treated with ceftazidime in addition to supportive treatment. A history of antibiotics intake and clinical and laboratory hemolysis features were considered to be key bases for DIIHA diagnosis. Clinicians need to be aware of and accurately diagnose this rare complication caused by commonly prescribed drugs to stop the use of causative drugs in time, and therefore, to prevent serious and sometimes fatal consequences.  相似文献   

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Incompatibility of blood groups or unexpected antibodies are primary considerations when acute hemolysis occurs during or after transfusion. However, less attention is paid to drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA), which is a rare but potentially life-threatening autoimmune disease. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman (group A, RhD+) who was treated with multiple antibiotics after meningioma resection. As her hemoglobin (Hb) decreased significantly from 109 g/L to 52 g/L without obvious bleeding, a blood transfusion was conducted soon after the medication, during which acute hemolysis occurred. An unexpected antibody, anti-M (MNS blood group system), was identified in the patient. It was confirmed that both the recipient and donor were group A, M antigen negative (M−) with CCDee phenotype, and no agglutination reactivity was observed in major crossmatch by testing the specimens before and after transfusion. Meanwhile, the results of the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) changed from negative to positive. Anti-meropenem, a drug-dependent antibody of meropenem, was detected, and hemolysis resolved after cessation. Anti-meropenem may mainly act through an   相似文献   

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