Purification and cloning of DNA fragments fractionated on agarose gels

Purification of DNA fragments from acrylamide or agarose gels is a commonly used technique in the molecular biology laboratory. This article describes a rapid, efficient, and inexpensive method of purifying DNA fractions from an agarose gel. The purified DNA is suitable for use in a wide range of applications including ligation using DNA ligase. The procedure uses standard high-melting-temperature agarose and normal TBE electrophoresis buffer. In addition, the protocol does not involve the use of highly toxic organic solvents such as phenol.     

A freeze-squeeze method for recovering long DNA from agarose gels

Long DNA can be recovered from agarose gels after electrophoresis by freezing the gel slices and manually squeezing out liquid containing the DNA. With this method the recoveries of phage T₇ DNA (molecular weight 25 × 10⁶) and the open and closed forms of circular phage PM2 DNA (molecular weight 6 × 10⁶) were about 70%. Sedimentation analysis shows that the extruded DNA has not sustained double- or single-stranded breaks. The extruded DNA can be used without further purification as substrate for the restriction endonuclease Hind_II,III, from Hemophilus influenzae, for DNA·DNA hybridization and for electron microscopy.     

Quantitative electrophoretic transfer of DNA from polyacrylamide or agarose gels to nitrocellulose

A method for efficient electrophoretic transfer of DNA fragments from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets was developed. Hybridization to these fragments can be performed by standard techniques. The method is also applicable to agarose gels, allowing this transfer method to be used for DNA ranging from 40 to at least 23,000 bp.     

从琼脂糖凝胶中高效回收DNA技术的探讨

用两只离心管制成的凝胶过滤装置,从电泳后的琼脂糖凝胶中回收DNA片段的简易方法。它依次包括以下步骤：凝胶过滤装置的制作、凝胶切割、凝胶低温冷冻、低温高速离心、ddH20洗胶、DNA纯化和回收效果检测等。用此方法回收的DNA片段产率高、质量纯,可直接用于分子生物学实验的后续操作,如载体连接、PCR模板获得、DNA探针制备、基因测序等。其优点是：DNA片段的回收率高（90％以上）,质量好;操作简便,耗时短;回收装置简单,成本低廉,可进行商品化开发。     

三种提取柱状黄杆菌基因组DNA方法的比较

采用酚氯仿抽提法、CTAB法和SDS-蛋白酶K法分别对鱼类病原菌柱状黄杆菌提取基因组DNA。使用超微量紫外分光光度计和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测所提取的基因组DNA的产量和质量,并用PCR扩增对DNA进行了评价。结果显示,3种方法均可提取到柱状黄杆菌的基因组DNA,并能有效扩增细菌16S rDNA序列,但CTAB法提取的DNA产量和质量最高,CTAB法可以作为柱状黄杆菌DNA提取以开展分子生物学研究的首选方法。     

琼脂糖凝胶电泳中DNA回收方法的比较

实验采用直接切取琼脂糖凝胶,进行Lambda DNA/EcoRI HindIII Marker的回收,将其与试剂盒回收进行比较,并对比切下的凝胶立即回收和在-20℃冰冻数小时回收的效果,结果表明实验采用的方法与试剂盒的比较产量相当,且重复性好,达到了分子生物学实验的要求.尤其实验方法在大片段的回收(21226bp)平均回收率是43.5956%与试剂盒的回收率:38.9761%相比有明显的优势,非常适合大多数实验室使用.     

Electrophoretic elution of nucleic acids from acrylamide and agarose gels

A simple method for electrophoretic elution of nucleic acids from gel slices is described. The procedure utilizes a standard tube gel system and can be completed in as little as one hour. Nucleic acids are recovered in a small volume with almost 100% efficiency. The procedure is applicable equally to acrylamide and agarose gels, and small as well as large RNA and DNA molecules. The eluted nucleic acids are essentially undegraded and are suitable for a variety of structural and biological analyses.     

A method for the recovery of DNA from agarose gels.

We describe a quick and versatile method for the isolation of DNA from agarose gels. The DNA is electrophoresed into a trough containing hydroxyapatite, where it is bound. The hydroxyapatite is taken out and the DNA eluted with phosphate buffer. By putting the hydroxyapatite on a small column of Sephadex G50, elution and subsequent removal of phosphate can be performed in one step. The DNA recovered can be used equally well in enzymatic incubations as DNA not purified through agarose gel electrophoresis. Several applications of this technique are described.     

Thin-layer chromatography with agarose gels: A quick,simple method for evaluating liposome size

Thin-layer gels can be made with agarose and used to assess within a few minutes the efficiency with which multilamellar vesicles are converted to small unilamellar ones by sonication. A fluorescent lipid marker or vesicle-encapsulated solute permits continuous monitoring of the chromatography. Advantages over agarose gel column chromatography include speed of analysis, small sample size, the possibility of running multiple samples simultaneously, and direct accessibility to fluorescence microscopy. This approach should also be useful in the study of liposome-lipoprotein interactions and in affinity chromatography of liposomes.     

从植物细胞核分离大分子量核DNA

研究了从植物中分离百万碱基对级大分子量核DNA的方法。该方法利用差速离心分离植物细胞核,经低熔点琼脂糖块或低熔点琼脂糖微珠包埋,蛋白酶K原位裂解后制备大分子量核DNA。结果表明,选择不同生长时期的材料和不同的包埋细胞核方式对大分子量核DNA的制备有很大的影响,由黄化苗或幼嫩的绿叶为材料分离细胞核,进行胶块包埋是制备大分子量核DNA的最佳条件。利用该法获得的DNA分子量在200kb－5．7Mb之间,主要集中在2．2～5．7Mb之间;每一胶块DNAE量为18～20μg。与包埋原生质体制备大分子量核DNA的方法相比,该方法获得的DNA纯度较高,去除了大部分细胞器DNA的污染;易于被限制性内切酶部分和完全消化,其消化结果具可重复性。该方法操作简单、适用植物种类广泛,用该方法从水稻（OryzasativaL．）、苹果（MaluspumilaMill．）、大豆（Glycinemax（L．）Merr．）、玉米（ZeamaysL．）等多种植物材料中成功地制备了大分子量核DNA。该方法制备的核DNA适用于植物的脉冲交变电泳基因组分析和构建人工细菌染色体文库和人工酵母染色体文库。