黄曲条跳甲种群分化的RAPD分析

采用RAPD方法,对福建省19个不同菜区黄曲条跳甲地理种群的分化进行了研究。结果表明：相同种群采用相同引物进行扩增的重复性较好,不同种群采用相同引物进行扩增的差异性较高;19个不同菜区的黄曲条跳甲主要分为4个类群：闽东南沿海地区类群、闽西北地区类群、泉州类群和东山岛类群,黄曲条跳甲不同地理种群的遗传距离与地理距离有关。东山岛和泉州2个特异性类群的出现,说明地形、蔬菜种植以及农药使用等人为因子会影响其地理种群的分化。     

引进天敌莲草直胸跳甲的遗传多样性

我国从美国引进天敌昆虫莲草直胸跳甲防治喜旱莲子草已有20多年历史.本研究采用随机引物扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析方法,对引入我国的4个莲草直胸跳甲地理种群(广州、重庆、昆明、福州)的遗传多样性情况进行分析,并以美国佛罗里达种群为参照,从分子水平上揭示其种群的遗传分化及其与环境之间的关系.从111条随机引物中选取13条条带清晰、重复性好的引物对5个种群的25个样本进行扩增.结果表明:总多态位点百分率为42.0％,其中美国佛罗里达种群的多态位点百分率显著高于我国的4个地理种群;25.5％遗传分化发生在4个群体间;对各地理种群间的遗传距离采用非加权配对算术平均法( UPGMA)进行聚类分析发现,遗传距离与种群空间分布距离呈正相关.     

Study on genetic diversity of mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum populations in Guangxi

采用RAPD-PCR方法探讨广西3个不同生境下桐花树种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化.结果表明:3个不同生境桐花树RAPD扩增多态百分率为20.2%,3个不同生境桐花树种群两两之间的遗传距离分别为0.195、0.169、0.26,平均遗传距离为0.208.同一种群不同个体的扩增多态百分率最高为37.28%,其次为20.93%,最小的为19.32%.Shannon's遗传多样性指数3个种群分别为0.331、0.225和0.17,其大小顺序与多态百分率的结果一致.种群内遗传多样性比率为62.3%,种群间遗传多样性比率为37.7%.说明广西3个不同生境的桐花树种群的遗传变异大部分存在种群内,种群间遗传变异较小.     

草履蚧不同寄主和地理种群遗传分化的RAPD分析

应用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对草履蚧保定、石家庄、邯郸16个不同寄主地理种群遗传多样性和种群分化进行研究,结果显示4个RAPD引物共扩增出41个多态性位点,多态位点比率为100%。遗传距离指数在0.701—0.4360,平均为0.2395。其中以邯郸枫杨和邯郸垂丝海棠为寄主的草履蚧种群遗传距离最小(0.0701);以石家庄紫叶李和邯郸木槿为寄主的种群遗传距离最大(0.4360)。遗传一致度系数在0.6466—0.9290。说明草履蚧不同种群遗传多样性丰富并存在遗传差异。聚类分析结果表明草履蚧种群遗传多样性同时受到寄主和地理因素的双重影响,且不同寄主草履蚧种群已产生明显的遗传分化。     

内蒙古典型草原羊草种群遗传分化的RAPD分析

运用 RAPD技术对内蒙古典型草原不同生境 8个羊草种群进行分析。采用 2 4个随机引物 (10 nt)在 8个种群中共检测到2 2 4个扩增片断 ,其中多态性片断 173个 ,总的多态位点百分率达 77.2 % ,特异性片断 2 2个 ,占 9.82 % ,平均每个引物扩增的DNA带数为 9.3 3条。利用 Nei指数和 Shannon指数估算了 8个种群的遗传多样性 ,并计算种群相似系数和遗传距离 ,运用UPGMA法进行聚类分析。结果表明 :羊草大部分的遗传变异存在于种群内 ,只有少部分的遗传变异存在于种群间 ,Nei指数和Shannon指数计算结果分别为 85.4%和 66.8% ;羊草不同种群的遗传多样性存在差异 ;8个羊草种群平均遗传距离为 0 .2 3 16,变异范围为 0 .1587～ 0 .2 70 0 ,说明 8个羊草种群间的遗传变异不大 ,即 :在较小地理范围内羊草的遗传分化程度较小 ;8个种群可聚为 3个类群 ,聚类结果显示生境相似的种群能够聚在一起 ,而地理距离最近的种群不一定归为一类 ,说明小范围内羊草种群间的遗传分化与地理距离不存在相关性 ,而与其生境间的相似度相关。影响遗传相似性的不是单一因子而是各种因子的综合作用 ,较小地理范围内羊草种群间的遗传分化主要是由环境的异质性所引起的     

福建南北泥蚶种内分化的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术,对泥蚶在福建以南(广东汕头和湛江)和福建以北(浙江温岭和韩国)种群(分别合称南方类群和北方类群)做了遗传分化研究。由筛选出的20个随机引物共获得103个清晰可辨的RAPD标记,扩增片段长度在250—2500bp。汕头种群与湛江种群,韩国种群与温岭种群之间的最小遗传距离分别为0．0612和0．0692,而南、北类群间的遗传距离却在0．3261-0．4511。类群间近交系数也大于类群内。NJ和UPGMA法构建的系统树均显示汕头种群、湛江种群首先聚在一起,再与温岭种群和韩国种群聚合,说明两个类群发生了较明显的遗传分化,估计与地理隔离有关。     

中国东方蜜蜂不同地理种群的RAPD分析

本研究采用RAPD技术对来自中国境内8个省市的28群东方蜜蜂Apis cerana进行了研究,探讨了它们之间的亲缘关系.结果表明:15条随机引物共扩增产生了155条谱带,其中单个弓l物扩增的谱带数为4～16条,多态性条带为122条,多态比率为78.7%;不同种群东方蜜蜂遗传多样性丰富,遗传距离变化较大,最大为0.4197(海南-北京),最小为0.0933(江西-甘肃);聚类结果显示8个地理种群的东方蜜蜂可聚为3个聚类簇,且各地理种群的亲缘关系与空间距离正相关.     

广西红树植物桐花树种群遗传多样性分析

采用RAPD-PCR方法探讨广西3个不同生境下桐花树种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化。结果表明:3个不同生境桐花树RAPD扩增多态百分率为20.2%,3个不同生境桐花树种群两两之间的遗传距离分别为0.195、0.169、0.26,平均遗传距离为0.208。同一种群不同个体的扩增多态百分率最高为37.28%,其次为20.93%,最小的为19.32%。Shannon’s遗传多样性指数3个种群分别为0.331、0.225和0.17,其大小顺序与多态百分率的结果一致。种群内遗传多样性比率为62.3%,种群间遗传多样性比率为37.7%。说明广西3个不同生境的桐花树种群的遗传变异大部分存在种群内,种群间遗传变异较小。     

应用RAPD技术探讨木兰科10属17种植物的遗传多样性

目的:采用RAPD技术对木兰科10属17种植物进行遗传多样性分析.方法:采用改良CTAB法提取基因组DNA,用筛选的9个引物的RAPD结果进行聚类分析,得出17种木兰科植物的聚合树状图.结果:9条RAPD引物共扩增出346条清晰稳定的条带,其中有295个多态性位点,多态百分比为85.3％,聚类分析表明,在遗传距离为0.728处17个供试品种分为3个类群.结论:中国木兰科植物品种有丰富的遗传多样性,RAPD技术可以用于木兰科植物的种间鉴别和遗传学研究.     

内蒙古地区亚洲小车蝗不同地理种群的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对内蒙古地区亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus(B.-bienko)9个不同地理种群90个个体进行扩增,8条随机引物扩增共产生了78条带,多态性片段为62条。对Nei′s基因多样性指数和遗传距离进行分析,结果表明:种群间的遗传分化系数为0.2343,即23.43%的遗传变异存在于种群间,种群内的遗传分化系数为0.7657,即76.57%的遗传多样性存在于种群内,群体内遗传多样性大于群体间遗传多样性。用NJ法对这3个种群的Nei′s遗传距离作聚类分析,结果表明亚洲小车蝗不同种群的遗传分化程度与地理距离具有正相关关系。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.