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1.
Kevin D. Raney Suresh D. Sharma Ibrahim M. Moustafa Craig E. Cameron 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(30):22725-22731
Hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 3 contains a serine protease and an RNA helicase. Protease cleaves the genome-encoded polyprotein and inactivates cellular proteins required for innate immunity. Protease has emerged as an important target for the development of antiviral therapeutics, but drug resistance has turned out to be an obstacle in the clinic. Helicase is required for both genome replication and virus assembly. Mechanistic and structural studies of helicase have hurled this enzyme into a prominent position in the field of helicase enzymology. Nevertheless, studies of helicase as an antiviral target remain in their infancy. 相似文献
2.
Jonas Kügler Stefan Schmelz Juliane Gentzsch Sibylle Haid Erik Pollmann Joop van den Heuvel Raimo Franke Thomas Pietschmann Dirk W. Heinz John Collins 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2012,287(46):39224-39232
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3-4A protease is essential for viral replication. All current small molecular weight drugs against NS3-4A are substrate peptidomimetics that have a similar binding and resistance profile. We developed inhibitory peptides (IPs) capping the active site and binding via a novel “tyrosine” finger at an alternative NS3-4A site that is of particular interest for further HCV drug development. The peptides are not cleaved due to a combination of geometrical constraints and impairment of the oxyanion hole function. Selection and optimization through combinatorial phagemid display, protein crystallography, and further modifications resulted in a 32-amino acid peptide with a Ki of 0.53 nm. Inhibition of viral replication in cell culture was demonstrated by fusion to a cell-penetrating peptide. Negligible susceptibility to known (A156V and R155K) resistance mutations of the NS3-4A protease was observed. This work shows for the first time that antiviral peptides can target an intracellular site and reveals a novel druggable site on the HCV protease. 相似文献
3.
目的:建立丙型肝炎病毒NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶体内活性评价模型。方法:利用NS4A/B是NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶作用底物的特性,构建融合基因NS3/NS4A/B-SEAP,底物片段NS4A/B插在NS3/4A和人分泌性碱性磷酸酶(SEAP)之间,融合基因表达后SEAP的分泌依赖于有活性的NS3/4A在NS4A/B位点的切割。将含融合基因的质粒NS3/4A(△4AB)SEAP通过水动力转染技术转染到小鼠体内,检测小鼠血清中SEAP的活性,高活性的SEAP是该评价体系成立的证据。结果与结论:在瞬时表达NS3/4A的小鼠血清中检测到了高活性的SEAP,建立了可用于评价抗NS3/4A的小鼠体内瞬时模型。 相似文献
4.
《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2014,24(18):4444-4449
Structural homology between thrombin inhibitors and the early tetrapeptide HCV protease inhibitor led to the bioisosteric replacement of the P2 proline by a 2,4-disubstituted azetidine within the macrocyclic β-strand mimic. Molecular modeling guided the design of the series. This approach was validated by the excellent activity and selectivity in biochemical and cell based assays of this novel series and confirmed by the co-crystal structure of the inhibitor with the NS3/4A protein (PDB code: 4TYD). 相似文献
5.
目的:建立丙型肝炎病毒NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶胞内荧光检测方法。方法:利用EGFP分子内合适位点可以插入一定长度外源片段而不影响荧光性能的特性,构建EGFP分子内插入NS3/4A蛋白酶识别序列NS5AB的EGFP-5AB重组分子。将EGFP-5AB与NS3/4A蛋白酶共表达,若短肽链被切断,则EGFP的两个部分解离,荧光消失,从而可以监测HCV NS3/4A蛋白酶的存在。通过将NS5AB插入三种不同位点,寻找最合适的插入位点;将EGFP-5AB转染进入不同宿主细胞,验证其在不同细胞的表达情况并选择最佳宿主细胞。结果:确定EGFP 173-174氨基酸位点是合适的插入位点;确定CHO-K1为理想的荧光检测系统宿主细胞;在构建的细胞模型中,能够检测到EGFP被切割后的条带,但检测不到荧光信号,说明EGFP-5AB蛋白被有效切割,该方法可以检测到NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶的存在。结论:成功构建了一种在哺乳动物细胞中检测NS3/4A蛋白酶切割活性的荧光检测方法。 相似文献
6.
目的:建立Tet-On调控系统和Cre/loxP基因剔除系统双重调控表达丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶三转基因小鼠。方法:选择适龄并经鉴定的在Tet-on系统调控下肝脏特异性表达Cre重组酶的双转基因小鼠Lap/LC-1与在Tet-on系统调控下肝脏特异性表达萤光素酶(Luc)的双转基因小鼠Lap/NS3/4A交配,子代小鼠经PCR检测、筛选基因组中NS3/4A、Lap、LC-1等3个转基因片段均阳性的小鼠。三阳性的NS3/4A/Lap/LC-1小鼠经多西环素(Dox)诱导1周后,以在体生物发光成像系统(BLI)检测报告基因Luc的表达,免疫组化检测小鼠体内Cre重组酶、HCV NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶的表达状况。结果:NS3/4A/Lap/LC-1小鼠经Dox诱导后,BLI结果显示仅在小鼠肝脏部位有强烈的发光信号,表明这些小鼠肝细胞内报告基因Luc特异高效表达;免疫组化结果证实Cre重组酶、NS3/4A蛋白酶仅在经诱导后的小鼠肝细胞中特异性表达。结论:建立了Tet-On调控系统和Cre/loxP基因剔除系统双重调控下表达HCV NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶的三转基因小鼠模型,为进一步研究HCV NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶在HCV感染后与宿主相互作用的机制,以及抗NS3/4A丝氨酸蛋白酶特异性抑制剂的筛选奠定了基础。 相似文献
7.
Karen L. Rigat Hao Lu Ying-Kai Wang Argyrides Argyrou Caroline Fanslau Brett Beno Yi Wang Jovita Marcinkeviciene Min Ding Robert G. Gentles Min Gao Lynn M. Abell Susan B. Roberts 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(48):33456-289;48;November;48;2014;33468
HCV infection is an urgent global health problem that has triggered a drive to discover therapies that specifically target the virus. BMS-791325 is a novel direct antiviral agent specifically targeting HCV NS5B, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Robust viral clearance of HCV was observed in infected patients treated with BMS-791325 in combination with other anti-HCV agents in Phase 2 clinical studies. Biochemical and biophysical studies revealed that BMS-791325 is a time-dependent, non-competitive inhibitor of the polymerase. Binding studies with NS5B genetic variants (WT, L30S, and P495L) exposed a two-step, slow binding mechanism, but details of the binding mechanism differed for each of the polymerase variants. For the clinically relevant resistance variant (P495L), the rate of initial complex formation and dissociation is similar to WT, but the kinetics of the second step is significantly faster, showing that this variant impacts the final tight complex. The resulting shortened residence time translates into the observed decrease in inhibitor potency. The L30S variant has a significantly different profile. The rate of initial complex formation and dissociation is 7–10 times faster for the L30S variant compared with WT; however, the forward and reverse rates to form the final complex are not significantly different. The impact of the L30S variant on the inhibition profile and binding kinetics of BMS-791325 provides experimental evidence for the dynamic interaction of fingers and thumb domains in an environment that supports the formation of active replication complexes and the initiation of RNA synthesis. 相似文献
8.
Development of a cell-based assay for monitoring specific hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease activity in mammalian cells 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) contains a positive-sense RNA genome that encodes a unique polyprotein precursor, which must be processed by proteases to enable viral maturation. Virally encoded NS3/4A protease has thus become an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs. To establish an assay system for monitoring NS3/4A protease activity in mammalian cells, this study describes a substrate vector, pEG(Delta4AB)SEAP, in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was fused to secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) through the NS3/4A protease decapeptide recognition sequence, Delta4AB, which spans the NS4A and NS4B junction region. Secretion of SEAP into the culture medium was demonstrated to depend on the cleavage of Delta4AB by HCV NS3/4A protease. We demonstrated that the accumulation of SEAP activity in the culture medium depends on time up to 60h with the coexpression of active NS3/4A protease. The amount of SEAP in the culture medium was around 10 times greater than that of cells with coexpression of inactive NS3/4A mutant protease. This strategy has made it possible to monitor NS3/4A activity inside mammalian cells. Moreover, by using cells containing the HCV subgenomic replicon, the EG(Delta4AB)SEAP reporter can be used to detect the anti-HCV activity of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Consequently, this EG(Delta4AB)SEAP reporter can be used to screen for NS3/4A protease inhibitors in the cellular environment and for anti-HCV drugs in replicon cells. 相似文献
9.
A novel recombinant single-chain hepatitis C virus NS3-NS4A protein with improved helicase activity. 下载免费PDF全文
A. Y. Howe R. Chase S. S. Taremi C. Risano B. Beyer B. Malcolm J. Y. Lau 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》1999,8(6):1332-1341
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) has been shown to possess protease and helicase activities and has also been demonstrated to spontaneously associate with nonstructural protein NS4A (NS4A) to form a stable complex. Previous attempts to produce the NS3/NS4A complex in recombinant baculovirus resulted in a protein complex that aggregated and precipitated in the absence of nonionic detergent and high salt. A single-chain form of the NS3/NS4A complex (His-NS4A21-32-GSGS-NS3-631) was constructed in which the NS4A core peptide is fused to the N-terminus of the NS3 protease domain as previously described (Taremi et al., 1998). This protein contains a histidine tagged NS4A peptide (a.a. 21-32) fused to the full-length NS3 (a.a. 3-631) through a flexible tetra amino acid linker. The recombinant protein was expressed to high levels in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, and examined for NTPase, nucleic acid unwinding, and proteolytic activities. The single-chain recombinant NS3-NS4A protein possesses physiological properties equivalent to those of the NS3/NS4A complex except that this novel construct is stable, soluble and sixfold to sevenfold more active in unwinding duplex RNA. Comparison of the helicase activity of the single-chain recombinant NS3-NS4A with that of the full-length NS3 (without NS4A) and that of the helicase domain alone suggested that the presence of the protease domain and at least the NS4A core peptide are required for optimal unwinding activity. 相似文献
10.
Pierre Karam Megan H. Powdrill Hsiao-Wei Liu Colins Vasquez Wayne Mah Jean Bernatchez Matthias G?tte Gonzalo Cosa 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(20):14399-14411
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5B (NS5B) is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is essentially required for viral replication. Although previous studies revealed important properties of static NS5B-RNA complexes, the nature and relevance of dynamic interactions have yet to be elucidated. Here, we devised a single molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (SM-FRET) assay to monitor temporal changes upon binding of NS5B to surface immobilized RNA templates. The data show enzyme association-dissociation events that occur within the time resolution of our setup as well as FRET-fluctuations in association with stable binary complexes that extend over prolonged periods of time. Fluctuations are shown to be dependent on the length of the RNA substrate, and enzyme concentration. Mutations in close proximity to the template entrance (K98E, K100E), and in the center of the RNA binding channel (R394E), reduce both the population of RNA-bound enzyme and the fluctuations associated to the binary complex. Similar observations are reported with an allosteric nonnucleoside NS5B inhibitor. Our assay enables for the first time the visualization of association-dissociation events of HCV-NS5B with RNA, and also the direct monitoring of the interaction between HCV NS5B, its RNA template, and finger loop inhibitors. We observe both a remarkably low dissociation rate for wild type HCV NS5B, and a highly dynamic enzyme-RNA binary complex. These results provide a plausible mechanism for formation of a productive binary NS5B-RNA complex, here NS5B slides along the RNA template facilitating positioning of its 3′ terminus at the enzyme active site. 相似文献
11.
Lemke CT Goudreau N Zhao S Hucke O Thibeault D Llinàs-Brunet M White PW 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(13):11434-11443
Hepatitis C virus infection, a major cause of liver disease worldwide, is curable, but currently approved therapies have suboptimal efficacy. Supplementing these therapies with direct-acting antiviral agents has the potential to considerably improve treatment prospects for hepatitis C virus-infected patients. The critical role played by the viral NS3 protease makes it an attractive target, and despite its shallow, solvent-exposed active site, several potent NS3 protease inhibitors are currently in the clinic. BI 201335, which is progressing through Phase IIb trials, contains a unique C-terminal carboxylic acid that binds noncovalently to the active site and a bromo-quinoline substitution on its proline residue that provides significant potency. In this work we have used stopped flow kinetics, x-ray crystallography, and NMR to characterize these distinctive features. Key findings include: slow association and dissociation rates within a single-step binding mechanism; the critical involvement of water molecules in acid binding; and protein side chain rearrangements, a bromine-oxygen halogen bond, and profound pK(a) changes within the catalytic triad associated with binding of the bromo-quinoline moiety. 相似文献
12.
Brian L. Venables Ny Sin Alan Xiangdong Wang Li-Qiang Sun Yong Tu Dennis Hernandez Amy Sheaffer Min Lee Cindy Dunaj Guangzhi Zhai Diana Barry Jacques Friborg Fei Yu Jay Knipe Jason Sandquist Paul Falk Dawn Parker Andrew C. Good Paul M. Scola 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2018,28(10):1853-1859
A series of tripeptidic acylsulfonamide inhibitors of HCV NS3 protease were prepared that explored structure-activity relationships (SARs) at the P4 position, and their in vitro and in vivo properties were evaluated. Enhanced potency was observed in a series of P4 ureas; however, the PK profiles of these analogues were less than optimal. In an effort to overcome the PK shortcomings, modifications to the P3-P4 junction were made. This included a strategy in which one of the two urea N–H groups was either N-methylated or replaced with an oxygen atom. The former approach provided a series of regioisomeric N-methylated ureas while the latter gave rise to P4 reverse carbamates, both of which retained potent NS3 inhibitory properties while relying upon an alternative H-bond donor topology. Details of the SARs and PK profiles of these analogues are provided. 相似文献
13.
Hepatitis C virus NS3‐4A inhibits the peroxisomal MAVS‐dependent antiviral signalling response 下载免费PDF全文
Ana R. Ferreira Ana C. Magalhães Fátima Camões Ana Gouveia Marta Vieira Jonathan C. Kagan Daniela Ribeiro 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2016,20(4):750-757
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the cause of one of the most prevalent viral infections worldwide. Upon infection, the HCV genome activates the RIG‐I‐MAVS signalling pathway leading to the production of direct antiviral effectors which prevent important steps in viral propagation. MAVS localizes at peroxisomes and mitochondria and coordinate the activation of an effective antiviral response: peroxisomal MAVS is responsible for a rapid but short‐termed antiviral response, while the mitochondrial MAVS is associated with the activation of a stable response with delayed kinetics. The HCV NS3‐4A protease was shown to specifically cleave the mitochondrial MAVS, inhibiting the downstream response. In this study, we have analysed whether HCV NS3‐4A is also able to cleave the peroxisomal MAVS and whether this would have any effect on the cellular antiviral response. We show that NS3‐4A is indeed able to specifically cleave this protein and release it into the cytosol, a mechanism that seems to occur at a similar kinetic rate as the cleavage of the mitochondrial MAVS. Under these conditions, RIG‐I‐like receptor (RLR) signalling from peroxisomes is blocked and antiviral gene expression is inhibited. Our results also show that NS3‐4A is able to localize at peroxisomes in the absence of MAVS. However, mutation studies have shown that this localization pattern is preferred in the presence of a fully cleavable MAVS. These findings present evidence of a viral evasion strategy that disrupts RLR signalling on peroxisomes and provide an excellent example of how a single viral evasion strategy can block innate immune signalling from different organelles. 相似文献
14.
It is well established that HCV NS5A protein when expressed in mammalian cells perturbs the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. The protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A controls the phosphorylation of numerous proteins involved in cell signaling and one characterized function is the regulation of Ras-Raf mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. Our results showed that expression of HCV NS5A protein stimulates phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity in cells, indicating the relevance of NS5A as a regulator of PP2A in vivo. We found that transient expression of the full length NS5A protein in different cell lines leads to a significant increase of the PP2A activity and this activity is specifically inhibited by the addition of okadaic acid, a PP2A inhibitor, in living cells. Further investigation showed that NS5A protein interacts in vivo and in vitro with the scaffolding A and the catalytic C subunits of PP2A. We propose that HCV NS5A represents a viral PP2A regulatory protein. This is a novel function for the NS5A protein which may have a key role in the ability of the virus to deregulate cell growth and survival. 相似文献
15.
提高对丙型肝炎患者实验室检测的灵敏度和特异性,对相关人群进行筛查和早期诊断,是控制丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)流行与传播的有效措施。为了建立更为可靠的HCV诊断方法,通过采用PCR方法从J6/JFH12a型病毒中克隆出HCV ns3基因片段,将其连接到p ET-28a载体上,重组载体p ET-28a-ns3转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后诱导表达,以10%SDS-PAGE进行鉴定,获得表达的NS3重组蛋白分子量为72 k Da。将纯化的NS3蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,第4次免疫后采集血液并分离血清进行抗体活性鉴定,小鼠抗体效价为1∶256 000。进一步的Western blotting和间接免疫荧光结果显示,以重组NS3蛋白免疫小鼠制备的多克隆抗体可以很好地识别HCV感染Huh7.5.1细胞中的NS3蛋白,为下一步开展单克隆抗体制备和检测试剂盒研制工作奠定了基础。 相似文献
16.
Yutaka Amako Zsofia Igloi Jamel Mankouri Arunas Kazlauskas Kalle Saksela Mark Dallas Chris Peers Mark Harris 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(34):24753-24763
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in the activation of numerous stress responses including oxidative stress, with the potential to induce an apoptotic state. Previously we have shown that HCV attenuates the stress-induced, p38MAPK-mediated up-regulation of the K+ channel Kv2.1, to maintain the survival of infected cells in the face of cellular stress. We demonstrated that this effect was mediated by HCV non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein, which impaired p38MAPK activity through a polyproline motif-dependent interaction, resulting in reduction of phosphorylation activation of Kv2.1. In this study, we investigated the host cell proteins targeted by NS5A to mediate Kv2.1 inhibition. We screened a phage-display library expressing the entire complement of human SH3 domains for novel NS5A-host cell interactions. This analysis identified mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) as a putative NS5A interacting partner. MLK3 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is a member of the MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) family and activates p38MAPK. An NS5A-MLK3 interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. We further demonstrate a novel role of MLK3 in the modulation of Kv2.1 activity, whereby MLK3 overexpression leads to the up-regulation of channel activity. Accordingly, coexpression of NS5A suppressed this stimulation. Additionally we demonstrate that overexpression of MLK3 induced apoptosis, which was also counteracted by NS5A. We conclude that NS5A targets MLK3 with multiple downstream consequences for both apoptosis and K+ homeostasis. 相似文献
17.
Raboisson P de Kock H Rosenquist A Nilsson M Salvador-Oden L Lin TI Roue N Ivanov V Wähling H Wickström K Hamelink E Edlund M Vrang L Vendeville S Van de Vreken W McGowan D Tahri A Hu L Boutton C Lenz O Delouvroy F Pille G Surleraux D Wigerinck P Samuelsson B Simmen K 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2008,18(17):4853-4858
SAR analysis performed with a limited set of cyclopentane-containing macrocycles led to the identification of N-[17-[2-(4-isopropylthiazole-2-yl)-7-methoxy-8-methylquinolin-4-yloxy]-13-methyl-2,14-dioxo-3,13-diazatricyclo [13.3.0.04,6]octadec-7-ene-4-carbonyl](cyclopropyl)sulfonamide (TMC435350, 32c) as a potent inhibitor of HCV NS3/4A protease (Ki = 0.36 nM) and viral replication (replicon EC50 = 7.8 nM). TMC435350 also displayed low in vitro clearance and high permeability, which were confirmed by in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. TMC435350 is currently being evaluated in the clinics. 相似文献
18.
用RT-PCR方法从北京株丙型肝炎病毒中扩增出NS3区基因片段,该片段经pGEX-T载体克隆到大肠杆菌DH5α菌株中.经自动序列分析仪测出NS3基因的728bp长的核酸序列.发现在该片段中第31位核苷酸发生A→T突变,产生一个终止突变.这表明,丙型肝炎病毒北京株存在一定的变异,产生缺陷型病毒,这类缺陷型病毒的出现可能是丙型肝炎病毒持续性感染的原因之一. 相似文献
19.
丙型肝炎病毒基因组C区、NS3区、NS4区基因的融合、表达及初步应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过PCR技术从HCV全长基因组中扩增并克隆到Core区、NS4区的部分优势表面抗原肽的基因和C33a基因。再将它们以Core\,CC3c\,NS4的顺序和C33c、NS4的顺序分别拼接融合成融合抗原CCN、CN。片段之间以Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly柔性连接肽连接。经核苷酸序列分析表明,拼接点序列正确。将融合抗原CN、CCN基因分别克隆至T7启动子控制下的表达质粒PET24(a)+,PET22(b)+中,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,经IPTG诱导可高表达分子量约为43kD、58kD的融合抗原,表达产物以包涵体形式存在。表达产物经Ni2+IDA亲和柱纯化后,并对融合抗原CN、CCN的抗原性做了初步的鉴定。 相似文献
20.
Complex of NS3 protease and NS4A peptide of BK strain hepatitis C virus: a 2.2 A resolution structure in a hexagonal crystal form. 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9 下载免费PDF全文
Y. Yan Y. Li S. Munshi V. Sardana J. L. Cole M. Sardana C. Steinkuehler L. Tomei R. De Francesco L. C. Kuo Z. Chen 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》1998,7(4):837-847
The crystal structure of the NS3 protease of the hepatitis C virus (BK strain) has been determined in the space group P6(3)22 to a resolution of 2.2 A. This protease is bound with a 14-mer peptide representing the central region of the NS4A protein. There are two molecules of the NS3(1-180)-NS4A(21'-34') complex per asymmetric unit. Each displays a familiar chymotrypsin-like fold that includes two beta-barrel domains and four short alpha-helices. The catalytic triad (Ser-139, His-57, and Asp-81) is located in the crevice between the beta-barrel domains. The NS4A peptide forms an almost completely enclosed peptide surface association with the protease. In contrast to the reported H strain complex of NS3 protease-NS4A peptide in a trigonal crystal form (Kim JL et al., 1996, Cell 87:343-355), the N-terminus of the NS3 protease is well-ordered in both molecules in the asymmetric unit of our hexagonal crystal form. The folding of the N-terminal region of the NS3 protease is due to the formation of a three-helix bundle as a result of crystal packing. When compared with the unbound structure (Love RA et al., 1996, Cell 87:331-342), the binding of the NS4A peptide leads to the ordering of the N-terminal 28 residues of the NS3 protease into a beta-strand and an alpha-helix and also causes local rearrangements important for a catalytically favorable conformation at the active site. Our analysis provides experimental support for the proposal that binding of an NS4A-mimicking peptide, which increases catalytic rates, is necessary but not sufficient for formation of a well-ordered, compact and, hence, highly active protease molecule. 相似文献