黄瓜花叶病毒和烟草花叶病毒在双抗转基因线辣椒内的增殖

本试验以转化CMV-CP和TMV-CP基因的转基因线辣椒纯合系植株作为研究试材,比较了单独 或混合接种CMV和TMV后,转化线辣椒的抗病性表达特点,并测定了两种病毒在植株体内的病 毒含量.结果表明转化线辣椒不仅能抵抗CMV和TMV的单独侵染,而且还能抵抗CMV和TMV的 复合侵染.转化线辣椒表现为系统症状延迟出现7-15d,显症株率和病害严重度级别大幅度降低, CMV和TMV在接种叶、新生叶中的病毒含量明显减低.转基因线辣椒原生质体作为研究试材接 种CMV,测定病毒含量结果表明CMV病毒的增殖在转基因线辣椒原生质体内受到明显抑制. 在CMV接种浓度为40μg/mL,感染原生质体48h后,CP(-)植株原生质体内CMV是CP(+)的4.2倍 .这一结果揭示了转基因线辣椒具有抑制病毒增殖的抗病性.     

黄瓜花叶病毒和烟草花叶病毒在双抗转基因线辣椒内的增殖

本试验以转化CMV CP和TMV CP基因的转基因线辣椒纯合系植株作为研究试材 ,比较了单独或混合接种CMV和TMV后 ,转化线辣椒的抗病性表达特点 ,并测定了两种病毒在植株体内的病毒含量。结果表明 :转化线辣椒不仅能抵抗CMV和TMV的单独侵染 ,而且还能抵抗CMV和TMV的复合侵染。转化线辣椒表现为系统症状延迟出现 7 15d ,显症株率和病害严重度级别大幅度降低 ,CMV和TMV在接种叶、新生叶中的病毒含量明显减低。转基因线辣椒原生质体作为研究试材接种CMV ,测定病毒含量结果表明 :CMV病毒的增殖在转基因线辣椒原生质体内受到明显抑制。在CMV接种浓度为 4 0 μg/mL ,感染原生质体 4 8h后 ,CP(- )植株原生质体内CMV是CP( )的 4 .2倍。这一结果揭示了转基因线辣椒具有抑制病毒增殖的抗病性。     

PR—蛋白与高等植物的诱导抗性

一某些过敏性寄主植物在感染病毒或其它病原物后,以牺牲局部叶片(在接种叶片上形成局部枯斑或坏死)而使全侏免遭罹难,当相关性或非相关性病原物再次侵染时,植株即表面出抗性。这种抗性不同于植物本身所固有的先天抗性,由于它是在受病原物侵染(或化学药物处理)后诱导产生的,故称之为诱导抗性(或获得抗性)。诱导抗性的共同特征是作用的非持异性,即由病毒诱导的抗性不仅可以抵抗非相关病毒的侵染,还可以抵抗     

绿色荧光蛋白标记检测鸦胆子素D抗TMV活性

以绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein, GFP）为报告基因,将含TMV表达载体的质粒p35S-30B：GFP转化农杆菌EHA 105,通过渗透法把经MMA诱导后的农杆菌悬浮液注射到本氏烟叶片内,测定了鸦胆子素D （Bruceine D） 对烟草植株内TMV的增殖和运动的抑制作用;通过PEG介导法把p35S-30B：GFP转化到本氏烟叶肉细胞原生质体内,测定了Bruceine D对烟草原生质体中TMV增殖的抑制效果.结果表明,在10 μg/mL浓度下,Bruceine D不仅可抑制烟草叶肉细胞原生质体中TMV的增殖,还可以抑制烟草接种叶中TMV向茎部及植株上部叶片移动,且对寄主植物不造成明显的毒害.     

一种食用菌提取物y3对烟草花叶病毒的钝化作用及其机制

测定了从食用菌毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)中提纯的y3蛋白对烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)的钝化作用,结果表明y3对TMV有较强的体外钝化作用,在心叶烟枯斑寄主上对TMV的抑制中浓度约为2.0μg/mL;y3在pH9.0时较稳定;TMV与y3混合后用RNase处理,测得侵染率为61.74%,比未用RNase处理的对照降低了38.26%,说明y3具有一定的体外脱衣壳作用;另外电镜观察发现y3可使部分TMV粒体发生裂解,变短.     

一种食用菌提取物y3对烟草花叶病毒的钝化作用及其机制

测定了从食用菌毛头鬼伞(Coprinus comatus)中提纯的y3蛋白对烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)的钝化作用,结果表明y3对TMV有较强的体外钝化作用,在心叶烟枯斑寄主上对TMV的抑制中浓度约为2．0μg／mL;y3在pH9．0时较稳定;TMV与y3混合后刚RNase处理,测得侵染率为61．74％,比未用RNase处理的对照降低了38．26％,说明y3具有一定的体外脱衣壳作用;另外电镜观察发现y3可使部分TMV粒体发生裂解,变短。     

烟草花叶病毒及其核酸侵染烟草愈伤组织悬浮细胞的研究

比较了烟草的茎和叶片来源的愈伤组织对 TMV 侵染和繁殖的影响,发现 TMV 在单倍体植株茎的悬浮细胞中侵染和繁殖最好。TMV 在悬浮细胞中的繁殖曲线表明,接种后25℃保温6小时病毒滴度下降,24小时后对数增加,144—216小时病毒滴度达最高峰,其后病毒滴度下降。接种后经10℃低温预处理10小时、24小时和4天再转到25℃继续保温的细胞中,比接种后直接在25℃保温的大大增加了病毒复制的同步性,以低温处理10小时和24小时最佳。烟草悬浮细胞也适用于 TMV-RNA 接种。     

马铃薯X病毒和烟花叶病毒对于马铃薯Y病毒侵染酸浆的干扰作用的研究

把台有烟花叶病毒(TMV)或马铃薯X病毒(PXV)的烟汁,或把含有提纯的TMV或PXV的缓冲液与舍有马铃薯Y病毒(PYV)的烟汁混合接种酸浆上,PYV所引起的局部病斑比单独接种的较少。PXV对于PYV侵染酸浆的干扰作用仅发生于两病毒同时接种于同一叶表面的情况下o TMV的干扰作用剐也能发生于先接种或在接种PYV之后24小时内接种TMV或两病毒分删在叶面和叶背接种的情况下。PXV的浓度与干扰作用成比例。经世紫外线照射或热处理而钝化了的PXV淡有干扰作用。预先系统感染PXV趋于消除混合接种时PXV对PYV的干扰。无论所用的x病毒毒株是强的或弱的都存在这种关系。     

壳寡糖诱导的烟草SKP1基因表达

壳寡糖是一种高效的植物抗性诱导剂,应用mRNA差异显示技术从经过壳寡糖诱导的枯斑三生烟草叶片中分离到了编号为5、31、37和46的4个基因片段.4个基因片段与本塞姆氏烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)SKP1基因的mRNA同源性都达到82%,据此推断这4个片段是感病烟草品种枯斑三生烟草的SKP1基因.质粒双酶切及反向Northern分析结果表明,该基因表达在壳寡糖诱导下增强.由于SKP1基因与植物的抗病毒病相关,从而在mRNA水平上验证了壳寡糖的诱导抗性效应.     

放线菌素D对烟草花叶病毒RNA在离体烟叶中复制的影响

本文报道放线菌素D(AMD)在离体烟叶中对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的增殖及其核酸(TMV-RNA)复制的影响。按每克叶片用40μgAMD处理,能抑制70％以上叶组织总RNA的合成,在此剂量下AMD对病毒增殖及其核酸复制的影响与用药的时间有密切关系。在接种病毒前5小时或于接种同时给药对病毒增殖和病毒RNA复制都有强烈的抑制作用,可抑制90％以上;而接种后8小时用药就不再表现抑制作用了;接种后24小时用药不但不表现抑制作用,相反对病毒增殖和TMV—RNA的复制都有一定的刺激作用。AMD对TMV增殖和对TMV-RNA复制的影响完全一致。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.