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水稻挥发性信息化合物对昆虫的作用 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
植物挥发性化合物是联系植物、害虫和天敌间3层营养关系的关键信息因子。是害虫防治理论与实践的基础.首先,介绍了水稻挥发性信息化合物的基本化学特征及其在植食性昆虫和天敌昆虫寄主选择中的作用;其次,分析了水稻挥发性信息化合物的产生与作用机制及其生态学功能和水稻挥发性信息化合物研究中存在的问题;最后,展望了水稻挥发性信息化合物的研究前景.对水稻挥发性化合物的更进一步研究有两个方向,一是对存在于水稻体内,启动相关代谢途径的小分子信号物质的生理生化和分子生物学特性进行研究;二是研究捕食性节肢动物对信息化合物的接收、识别和学习等行为及与这些行为相关的生理生化和分子基础. 相似文献
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环境因子对植物释放挥发性化合物的影响 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
对近年来有关环境因子与植物释放挥发性化合物关系的研究进展进行了综合和概括。本文主要包括3类挥发性化合物。⑴异戊二烯是由叶绿体产生并且直接释放到大气中的C5化合物。⑵单萜类化合物是一类环状或非环状的C10化合物,它在植物体内合成后首先贮存于体内的特殊结构中(如树脂道、油腺),然后由此通过气孔向大气中释放。⑶含氧挥发性化合物以各种形式释放大大气中。它包括醇、醛、酮、酯和有机酸。本文的重点是前两者,主要阐述了二方面内容:⑴植物军发性化合物的生物合成和释放机理。⑵环境因子(如温度、光照、水分胁迫、营养、CO2浓度、空气湿度)及植物的发育阶段、机械损伤和昆虫取食等对植物挥发性化合物合成与释放的影响机制。 相似文献
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对近年来有关环境因子与植物释放挥发性化合物关系的研究进展进行了综合和概括。本文主要包括3类挥发性化合物。(1)异戊二烯是由叶绿体产生并且直接释放到大气中的C5化合物。(2)单萜类化合物是一类环状或非环状的C10化合物,它在植物体内合成后首先贮存于体内的特殊结构中(如树脂道、油腺),然后由此通过气孔向大气中释放。(3)含氧挥发性化合物以各种形式释放到大气中。它包括醇、醛、酮、酯和有机酸。本文的重点是前两者, 主要阐述了二方面内容:(1)植物挥发性化合物的生物合成和释放机理。(2)环境因子(如温度、光照、水分胁迫、营养、CO2浓度、空气湿度)及植物的发育阶段、机械损伤和昆虫取食等对植物挥发性化合物合成与释放的影响机制。 相似文献
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一种新杀虫剂对储粮害虫和作物害虫的杀虫效果 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
测定以植物提取物异硫氰酸酯为主要成分而复配的宏劲杀虫剂对玉米象Sitophilus zeamais(Motschulsky)、赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum(Herbst)和谷蠹Rhizopertha dominica(Fabricius)3种重要储粮害虫的熏蒸效果及其对菜青虫Pieris rapae(L.)、红蜘蛛Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)的杀虫效果。结果表明,宏劲杀虫剂48h对玉米象、赤拟谷盗和谷蠹的LC50分别是0.016,0.009和0.009μL/mL,均明显低于常规熏蒸剂磷化铝的要求处理剂量;对菜青虫和红蜘蛛的LC50分别是0.0159和1.3738mg/mL,其防效均优于对照药剂3%阿菊乳油和3%新型水分散性颗粒剂。 相似文献
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紫茎泽兰提取物对四种储粮害虫的杀虫活性 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
紫茎泽兰提取物对米象、玉米象、绿豆象和蚕豆象等 4种储粮害虫成虫具有强烈的熏杀活性 ,用 4 4.4 4mg L的浓度熏蒸处理 4 8小时后 ,每种成虫死亡率均达到 1 0 0 .0 0 %。熏蒸毒力测定结果表明 ,紫茎泽兰提取物对上述 4种成虫 2 4小时的LC50 分别为 1 4 .65,1 2 .80 ,2 5.0 7和 1 2 .2 0mg L ,4 8小时的LC50 分别为 1 1 .79,9.67,1 3 .2 9和 9.76mg L。 相似文献
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害虫经济阈值的研究进展 总被引:33,自引:1,他引:33
在害虫研究与防治中,一个基本的问题是:多少为害引起的作物损失抵得上防治代价?多大密度的害虫能造成如此为害?一般认为经济阈值(economic threshold,简称ET)能回答这类问题,因此它是现代害虫防治的基本决策依据,也是当今经济昆虫学和害虫防治中谈论得最多的问题(Pitre等,1979;Gutizrrez等,1984;Pedigo等,1986)。然而,目前国内外文献中ET的概念模糊、定义繁多、技术零散、争论激烈而持久,缺乏较为系统的探讨与清理,给研究、教学及应用带来很大不便;笔者在棉铃虫ET研究中,处理了从田间试验到一般理论的整个问题,发展了ET的理论与技术。结合广泛的文献资料,本文试对ET研究在各方面的进展作一剖析,提出个人见解,其内容包括概念,定义、 相似文献
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<正> 水稻害虫对我国水稻的高产、稳产影响极大,一般年份损失约10%,大发生年达20%。据中国科学院动物研究所报道,全国稻区已知的稻虫种类有250多种,其中严重危害的有二化螟、三化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、褐飞虱、白背飞虱和黑尾叶蝉等6种;某些年份或局部地区危害较重的有大螟、稻苞虫、稻蓟马等31种;其余种类危害较轻或偶而见到。我国稻虫种类虽多,但其中以 相似文献
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KATARINA M. MIKAC 《Molecular ecology resources》2006,6(4):1102-1104
A total of 11 microsatellite loci from the invasive insect pest Liposcelis decolor were isolated and characterized of which six loci were polymorphic. A population survey involving a total of 30–192 individuals per locus from five populations revealed a range of four to seven alleles per locus and moderate observed heterozygosities (0.183–0.565), highlighting the utility of these loci in further population genetic studies. Cross‐species amplifications were successful for two to 11 loci in five other Liposcelis species also of international economic importance. 相似文献
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C. G. Athanassiou C. I. Rumbos M. K. Sakka B. J. Vayias V. K. Stephou C. T. Nakas 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2016,26(6):809-819
Laboratory bioassays were carried out to evaluate the insecticidal effect of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) germinated conidia, a commercial formulation of diatomaceous earth and a liquid formulation of spinosad, applied alone or in all possible combinations on wheat, against adults of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Diatomaceous earth was applied at one (200 ppm), the fungus at two (100 and 300 ppm) and spinosad at three (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 ppm) dose rates, whereas all combinations of two or three of the insecticide concentrations were also tested. Insect mortality was determined after 2, 7 and 14 d of exposure. The simultaneous use of B. bassiana germinated conidia with diatomaceous earth notably increased mortality of T. confusum adults by sixfold 7 d after exposure, as compared with either B. bassiana or diatomaceous earth alone. When diatomaceous earth and spinosad were combined, diatomaceous earth did not increase the efficacy of spinosad. In general, the combination of all three agents did not differ from either the application of the agents tested alone, or their binary combinations, in most treatments examined. 相似文献
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A.S. Corrêa H.V.V. Tomé L.S. Braga G.F. Martins L.O. de Oliveira R.N.C. Guedes 《The Annals of applied biology》2014,165(1):137-146
Phosphine is the most widely used fumigant with ever‐growing problems of phosphine resistance among insect pests of stored products. One such insect is the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, a key pest of stored cereals. Despite its importance as a fumigant, the mechanisms of phosphine toxicity and resistance remain unclear, although the mitochondrion is broadly recognised as its site of action. Here we explored the phosphine susceptibility of maize weevil populations and its association with insect respiration rate, and we tested the association of phosphine susceptibility with the mitochondrial lineages from the field populations studied. We also assessed the action of phosphine in the degradation of mitochondria from muscle cells. Survival under phosphine treatment varied among weevil populations and was negatively correlated with the respiration rate and body mass of the insect. Phosphine produced little lysis of mitochondria and the more phosphine‐resistant population exhibited a slightly higher mitochondria fluorescence intensity under confocal imaging. Therefore, reduced respiration rate is correlated with reduced phosphine activity, but its association with high mitochondria fluorescence intensity in muscle cells seems marginal. There was no association between mitochondrial lineages and phosphine susceptibility, which evolved independently, and the mitochondrial gene fragments of cytochrome oxidase I and II were not useful molecular markers of phosphine susceptibility. 相似文献
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中国红树林生态系统主要害虫种类、 防控现状及成灾原因 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
红树林湿地是中国东南沿海的关键生态系统之一。近年来, 我国红树林陆续出现多种害虫种群暴发成灾的现象, 使红树林湿地的可持续利用面临严重挑战。本文归纳了近20年来中国红树林生态系统的主要害虫种类, 危害较严重的有海榄雌瘤斑螟Acrobasis sp., 毛颚小卷蛾Lasiognatha cellifera, 丽绿刺蛾Latoia lepida, 白囊袋蛾Chalioides kondonis, 蜡彩袋蛾Chalia larminati和小袋蛾Acanthopsyche subferalbata等; 对红树林虫害的防控现状进行总结, 目前开展的防控工作主要以生物农药、 昆虫生长调节剂、 昆虫天敌等生物防治方法为主, 结合灯光诱杀等物理防治手段的运用, 对暴发期的害虫种群可以取得较好的控制效果; 并从红树林生态系统健康水平和昆虫群落多样性等方面对害虫种群的成灾原因进行初步探讨; 最终提出以虫害可持续控制为目标的红树林生态系统生境调控策略, 以期为提高红树林湿地虫害管理水平以及促进红树林的可持续发展提供重要的理论参考和科学指导。 相似文献
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N.M.P Guedes R.N.C. Guedes J.F. Campbell J.E. Throne 《The Annals of applied biology》2017,170(3):415-424
Insecticide resistance is a broadly recognised and well‐studied management problem resulting from intensive insecticide use, which also provides useful evolutionary models of newly adapted phenotypes to changing environments. Two common assumptions in such models are the existence of fitness costs associated with insecticide resistance, which will place the resistant individuals at a disadvantage in insecticide‐free environments, and the prevalence of random mating among insecticide‐resistant and ‐susceptible individuals. However, cases of insecticide resistance lacking apparent fitness disadvantages do exist impacting the evolution and management of insecticide resistance. Assortative mating, although rarely considered, may also favour the evolution and spread of insecticide resistance. Thus, the possible existence of both conditions in the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), a key pest of stored cereals, led to the assessment of the mating behaviour and reproductive fitness of insecticide‐resistant and ‐susceptible weevil strains and their reciprocal crosses. The patterns of female and male mating choice also were assessed. Although mating behaviour within and between weevil strains was similar without mate choice, mating within the resistant strain led to higher reproductive output than within the susceptible strain; inter‐strain matings led to even higher fertility. Thus, no apparent fitness cost associated with resistance seems to exist in these weevils, favouring the evolution of this phenotype that is further aided by the higher fertility of inter‐strain matings. Mate choice reduced latency to mate and no inter‐strain preference was detected, but female weevils were consistent in their mate selection between 1st and 2nd matings indicating existence of female mating preference among maize weevils. Therefore, if female mate selection comes to favour trait(s) associated with insecticide resistance, higher reproductive fitness will be the outcome of such matings favouring the evolution and spread of insecticide resistance among maize weevil populations reverting into a management concern. 相似文献
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Waqas WAKIL Tahira RIASAT M. Usman GHAZANFAR Yong Jung KWON Farid Asif SHAHEEN 《Entomological Research》2011,41(6):233-241
A diatomaceous earth formulation enhanced with bitterbarkomycin (DEBBM) combined with Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was evaluated against lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) under laboratory conditions. DEBBM was applied at the rates of 15 and 30 ppm alone as well as in combination with 6.69 × 106, 6.69 × 108 and 6.69 × 1010 conidia/kg of wheat. Mortality of treated adults was recorded after 5, 10 and 15 days of exposure. Bioassays were carried out at 20, 25 and 30°C with 55 and 75% relative humidity. The emergence of progeny was also assessed 60 days post exposure. The combined use of DEBBM and B. bassiana considerably increased adult mortality especially at increasing temperatures and longer exposure intervals compared with DEBBM and B. bassiana alone. Progeny production was less in wheat treated with high dose rates of DEBBM +B. bassiana. The per cent mycosis in the cadavers was maximum where B. bassiana was applied at low dose rates. The results of the present study indicated that a combination of DEBBM and B. bassiana may provide effective control of R. dominica. 相似文献