石香薷中化学成分的研究

从石香薷（Ｍｏｓｌａ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｍａｘｉｍ ．）中分离到１０ 个化合物,经光谱分析、化学方法及与已知化合物对照,分别鉴定为：６－甲基三十三烷（１）、β－谷甾醇（２）、熊果酸（３）、５－羟基－６,７－二甲氧基黄酮（４）、５－羟基－６－甲基－７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖（３→１）－β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖双氢黄酮甙（５）、５,７－二羟基－４－甲氧基黄酮（６）、洋芹素（７）、山奈素－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（８）、桑色素－７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（９）、鼠李柠檬素－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－芹糖（１→５）芹糖－４－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（１０）。其中,化合物５和１０ 为新化合物     

紫茎泽兰的化学成分

从紫茎泽兰（ＥｕｐａｔｏｒｉｕｍａｄｅｎｏｐｈｏｒｕｍＳｐｒｅｎｇ）中分离得到８个化合物,其中３－（２′－β－Ｏ－吡喃葡萄糖）－苯基－２－反式丙烯酸为一新化合物,其余为槲皮万寿菊素－７－β－Ｏ－葡萄糖甙,６－甲氧基山奈酚－７－甲基醚－３－β－Ｏ－吡喃葡萄糖甙,槲皮万寿菊素－４′－甲基醚－７－β－Ｏ－葡萄糖甙,６－羟基山奈酚－７－β－Ｏ－葡萄糖甙,６－甲氧基芜花素,伞形花内酯及正三十二醇。     

单条草的皂甙成分

从单条草（ＬｙｓｉｍａｃｈｉａｃａｎｄｉｄａＬｉｎｄｌ）全草中分离出３个皂甙类化合物,经波谱分析并结合化学方法鉴定为：报春花素Ａ３ＯβＤ吡喃木糖基（１→２）βＤ吡喃葡萄糖基（１→４）［βＤ吡喃葡萄糖基（１→２）］αＬ吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（１）、原报春花素Ａ３ＯβＤ吡喃木糖基（１→２）βＤ吡喃葡萄糖基（１→４）［βＤ吡喃葡萄糖基（１→２）］αＬ吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（ｌｙｓｉｋｏｉａｎｏｓｉｄｅ,２）和α菠甾醇葡萄糖甙（３）。其中１是新化合物,命名为单条草甙（ｃａｎｄｉｄｏｓｉｄｅ）。     

柴胡皂甙s的结构鉴定

从南柴胡（ＢｕｐｌｅｕｒｕｍｓｃｏｒｚｏｎｅｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍＷｉｌｄ．）根中分得５个三萜皂甙。根据理化性质和波谱数据,鉴定其中新皂甙为３β,１６α,２３,２８四羟基齐墩果烷１１,１３（１８）二烯３ＯβＤ吡喃葡萄糖基（１→６）［αＬ吡喃鼠李糖基（１→４）］βＤ吡喃葡萄糖甙,命名为柴胡皂甙ｓ（ｓａｉｋｏｓａｐｏｎｉｎｓ）。另４个皂甙分别为柴胡皂甙ａ、ｃ、ｂ１、ｂ２。     

仙茅根茎中的配糖体

从仙茅（ Ｃｕｒｃｕｌｉｇｏ ｏｒｃｈｉｏｉｄｅｓＧａｅｒｔｎ） 根茎中分离到７ 个化合物, 经光谱分析推定其化学结构分别为： ２, ６ － 二甲氧基苯甲酸（Ａ） ; 苔黑酚葡萄糖甙（Ｂ） ; 仙茅素Ａ （Ｃ） ; 仙茅甙（Ｄ） ; ２４ｓ, ３β, １１α, １６β, ２４ － 四羟基环阿尔廷醇－ ３ － Ｏ－ α－ Ｌ－ 鼠李吡喃糖基（１ →２） － β－Ｄ－ 葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ｅ） ; ２４ｓ, ３β, １１α, １６β, ２４ － 四羟基环阿尔廷醇－ ３－ Ｏ－ β－ Ｄ－ 葡萄吡喃糖基（１ →２） － β－ Ｄ－ 葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ｆ） 和胡萝卜甙（Ｇ） 。Ｆ为一新甙。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属中甾体皂甙的分布

在文献资料和实验研究的基础上,本文总结了甾体皂甙在蜘蛛抱蛋属植物中的分布。发现单羟基的薯蓣皂甙元的配糖体—蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙（ 薯蓣皂甙元＿３＿Ｏ［βＤ葡萄吡喃糖基（１ →２）］［βＤ木吡喃糖基（１ →３）］βＤ葡萄吡喃糖基（１ →４）βＤ半乳吡喃糖甙） ,广泛存在于所研究过的这些植物中,而且是大部植物根茎的主要皂甙。它是蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的特征化学成分,表明该属是一个自然类群,甾体皂甙对它是有分类学意义的     

紫茎泽兰花的化学成分

从紫茎泽兰（ Ｅｕｐａｔｏｒｉｕｍ ａｄｅｎｏｐｈｏｒｕｍ ） 的花中分离得到１２ 个化合物, 其中紫茎泽兰内酯为一新的杜松烯类倍半萜内酯化合物, 其它为２ － 乙酰氧基－ ３ , ４ , ６ , １１ － 四去氢杜松烷－ ７ － 酮, ７ － 羰基泽兰酮, 克拉维醇, 丁香酚－ Ｏ－ β－ 吡喃葡萄糖甙, ５ , ４′－ 二羟基－ ３ ,６ － 二甲氧基－ ７ － Ｏ－ β－ 吡喃葡萄糖基黄酮, ５ , ４′－ 二羟基－ ６ ,７ － 二甲氧基－ ３ － Ｏ－ β－ 吡喃葡萄糖基黄酮,３ , ５ , ４′－ 三羟基－ ６ ,７ － 二甲氧基黄酮等化合物。     

大火草根部的化学成分

大火草（Ａｎｅｍｏｎｅ　ｔｏｍｅｎｔｏｓａａ（Ｍａｘｉｍ．）Ｐｅｉ）根状茎提取物的乙酸乙酯部分对粘虫（ＬｅｕｃａｎｉａｓｅｐａｒａｔａＷａｌｋｅｒ）有较好的非选择性拒食活性。从该部分分离得到１１个化合物,通过ＮＭＲ、ＭＳ等波谱分析确定它们的结构分别为４,５-二甲氧基-７-甲基香豆素（１）、４-甲氧基-５-甲基-６,７-二氧亚甲基香豆素（２）、４,７-二甲氧基-５-甲基香豆素（３）、齐墩果酸（４）、齐墩果酮酸（５）、齐墩果酸-３-Ｏ-β-Ｄ-吡喃木糖甙（６）、β-谷甾醇（７）、豆甾醇（８）、胡萝卜甙（９）、豆甾醇-３-Ｏ-β-Ｄ-吡喃葡萄糖甙（１０）和过氧化麦角甾醇（１１）。这些化学成分均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中１和２为新化合物。     

鞭打绣球中的苯丙素甙和环烯醚萜甙

从鞭打绣球（ＨｅｍｉｐｈｒａｇｍａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍＷａｌｌ．）（玄参科）的全草中分离到２个新的苯丙素甙,命名为鞭打绣球甙Ａ和Ｂ（ｈｅｍｉｐｈｒｏｓｉｄｅＡａｎｄＢ）,２个已知的苯丙素甙,ｐｌａｎｔａｍａｊｏｓｉｄｅ和ｐｌａｎｔａｉｎｏｓｉｄｅＤ,以及３个已知的环烯醚萜甙,ｇｌｏｂｕｌａｒｉｃｉｓｉｎ,ｇｌｏｂｕｌａｒｉｎ和ｉｓｏ－ｓｃｒｏｐｈｕｌａｒｉｏｓｉｄｅ．通过化学和光谱分析,鞭打绣球甙Ａ和Ｂ的结构分别鉴定为２－（３－羟基－４－甲氧基苯基）乙基０－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→３）－４－Ｏ－反式阿魏醚基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖试和２－（３,４－二羟基苯基）乙基Ｏ－［６－Ｏ－乙醚基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→３）］－４－Ｏ－反式咖啡醚基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙．     

麻疯树根的化学成分研究

从麻疯树（Ｊａｔｒｏｐｈａ ｃｕｒｃａｓ Ｌ．）的根中分离到１３ 个化合物,经理化常数和波谱鉴定（ＩＲ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ、１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ、ＥＩＭＳ和ＦＡＢＭＳ）分别为∶５α－豆甾烷－３,６－二酮（１）、川皮甙（２）、β－谷甾醇（３）、蒲公英脑（４）、２Ｓ－正二十四饱和脂肪酸甘油酯－１（５）、５－羟基－６,７－二甲氧基香豆素（６）、麻疯树酚酮Ａ（７）、麻疯树酚酮Ｂ（８）、６－甲氧基－７－羟基香豆素（９）、ｃａｎｉｏｊａｎｅ （１０）、３－羟基－４－甲氧基－苯甲醛（１１）、３－甲氧基－４－羟基苯甲酸（１２）和胡萝卜甙（１３）． 其中,化合物５ 为未见报道的新化合物,化合物１、２、９、１０、１１、１２ 为首次从该植物中分得,１０ 为含有过氧基团的二萜化合物． ７ 和８ 为一对四环二萜的立体异构体,并在碱中相互转化     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。