膜盘菌属四个中国新记录种

报道了膜盘菌属Hymenoscyphus的4个中国新记录种:(参照)山楂膜盘菌H cf.crataegi、德氏膜盘菌Hdehlii、油滴膜盘菌H macroguttatus和类盾膜盘菌H scutuloides均为在模式产地以外地区首次发现,提供了每个种的详细描述和宏微观特征图示.基于ITS序列分析了这些种与膜盘菌属其他种的关系.     

中国热带膜盘菌属真菌初探

对采自中国热带的部分膜盘菌属标本进行了分类研究,鉴定出6个种,分别为尾膜盘菌(Hymenoscyphus caudatus)、(参照)喜马拉雅膜盘菌(H.cf.himalayensis)、难变膜盘菌(H.immutabilis)、井冈膜盘菌(H.jinggangensis)、毛柄膜盘菌(H.kiopodius)和叶产膜...     

膜盘菌属—新种和—中国新记录种(英文)

报道了膜盘菌属Hymenoscyphus 1个新种和1个中国新记录种。新种椭孢膜盘菌H.ellipsoideus来自云南,以其白色、具柄的子囊盘,J+、大小为70–85×8–14.5?m的子囊,椭圆形、具双油滴、大小为14.4–16.7×4–5.5?m的子囊孢子,腐烂的阔叶树叶脉上生为鉴别性特征;中国新记录种变色膜盘菌H.varicosporoides采自河南。提供了每个种宏观和微观特征的详细描述和图示。     

柔膜菌目一个新种和三个中国新记录种（英文）

报道了柔膜菌目1个新种——镰孢状胶被盘菌Crocicreas fusarioides和3个中国新记录种——迪氏膜盘菌Hymenoscyphus dearnessii、韩国膜盘菌H.koreanus和叶轴生粒毛盘菌Lachnum rachidicola。提供了各个种的特征描述和图示,以及韩国膜盘菌和叶轴生粒毛盘菌的DNA序列数据。     

柔膜菌属(柔膜菌目)新种及中国新记录种

本文对采自中国温带部分省区的柔膜菌属Hymenoscyphus标本进行了研究。文中报道新种一个 —— 井冈柔膜菌Hymenoscyphus jinggangensis,中国新记录种三个,它们是无须柔膜菌Hymenoscyphus imberbis, (参照)闪烁柔膜菌H. cf. nitidulus 以及该属的一个未命名种。新种模式标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆。     

柔膜菌属（柔膜菌目）新种及中国新记录种

本文对采自中国温带部分省区的柔膜菌属Hmenoscyphus标本进行了研究。文中报道新种一个－－井冈柔膜菌Hymenoscyphus jinggangensis,中国新记录种三个,它们是无须柔膜菌Hmenoscyphus imberbis,（参照）闪烁柔膜菌H.cf.nitidulus以及该属的一个未命名种。新种模式标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆。     

中国新记录属——拟薄盘菌属及其新种和新记录种（英文）

在对我国柔膜菌科真菌进行研究过程中,发现一个中国新记录属,即拟薄盘菌属Cenangiopsis。研究结果表明,该属的2个种在我国分布,其中青海拟薄盘菌C.qinghaiensis为一新种,悬钩子生拟薄盘菌C.rubicola为中国新记录种。对两个种的形态学特征进行了描述与图解。     

笃斯越橘菌根真菌多样性

【目的】为了了解大兴安岭北部地区野生笃斯越橘的菌根真菌多样性状况。【方法】采用形态学和r DNA ITS序列分析相结合的方法。【结果】从笃斯越橘根样中分离得到的真菌分为6个类群:膜盘菌属(Hymenoscyphus)、Phialocephala、粒毛盘菌属(Lachnum)、Cadophora、担子菌小皮伞属(Marasmius)和担子菌小菇属(Mycena)。子囊菌Ascomycotina占87.10%,担子菌Basidiomycotina占12.90%。【结论】与笃斯越橘根共生的真菌类群较丰富,且是一个异源的群体,这些共生真菌在笃斯越橘的整个生长期的侵染时间不同。     

小孢盘菌属种间关系初探（英文）

3个编码蛋白的基因RPB1、RPB2和TEF1以及1个非编码序列28S rD NA的联合分析结果表明,小孢盘菌属位于系统树的上端,形成一个单系群,其中长春小孢盘菌和北京小孢盘菌为姐妹群,它们进一步与该属另3个种(包括该属的模式种)聚类在一起。序列分析结果支持将子囊孢子大小作为小孢盘菌属区分物种的依据,还表明火丝菌科可能不是一个单系群。在参试属中,小孢盘菌属与侧盘菌属的关系较为密切,它们具有极其相似的薄壁子囊,这表明在属的等级上子囊形态可能携带系统发育方面的信息。     

粒毛盘菌属种间关系的分子系统学初探*

粒毛盘菌属包括晶杯菌科中子囊盘表面具有毛状物,毛状物全表面具有颗粒状纹饰以及外囊盘被结构为矩胞组织的部分种类,种间形态解剖结构多样,研究采用ITS15.8S rDNAITS2序列分析的方法探讨该属种间的系统发育关系。在供试的粒毛盘菌15个分类单元中,14个以89%的支持强度值相聚在一起,其中Lachnum clandestinum与 L. fuscescens关系最近,其支持强度值为100%;其次为L. controversum 与L. spartinae,其支持强度值为97%;而姊妹群L. euterpes,L. pteridophyllum,L. singerianum和L. lushanense彼此关系较远,其支持强度值均小于50%;L. sclerotii位于系统发育树的最外侧,为供试15个分类单元中距离最远的一个,结果表明粒毛盘菌属可能是多起源的。     

西班牙桉树林下土小平盘菌复合群中两个独立的种——暗柔膜菌属一新组合及一新种:分类、分子生物学、生态与分布(英文)

土小平盘菌复合群原产澳大利亚,其中两个土生种在西班牙报道,很可能是在18世纪中叶引入西班牙。根据形态学特征和序列分析的结果,建立一个新组合和一个新种,分别定名为Phaeohelotium undulatum comb.nov.和Phaeoh.succineoguttulatum sp.nov.。对其宏观和微观形态特征进行了详尽的描述和图示,ITS rDNA序列分析的结果显示,它们以100%的支持率与Phaeohelotium monticola聚类在同一个分支。文中提供了该复合群Phaeohelotium属5个土生种的分种检索表,并对它们的生态习性与世界分布进行了深入讨论。     

Patterns of fungal diversity in New Zealand Nothofagus forests

The development of protocols for the conservation of fungi requires knowledge of the factors controlling their distribution, diversity, and community composition. Here we compare patterns of variation in fungal communities across New Zealand's Nothofagus forests, reportedly the most myco-diverse in New Zealand and hence potentially key to effective conservation of fungi in New Zealand. Diversity of leaf endophytic fungi, as assessed by culturing on agar plates, is assessed for three Nothofagus sp. growing in mixed stands from four sites. Host species was found to have a greater influence on fungal community assemblage than site. The leaf endophyte communities associated with Nothofagus solandri and Nothofagus fusca (both Nothofagus subgenus Fuscopora), were more similar to each other than either were to the community associated with Nothofagus menziesii (Nothofagus subgenus Lophozonia). The broad taxonomic groups isolated, identified on the basis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, were similar to those found in similar studies from other parts of the world, and from an earlier study on the endophyte diversity in four podocarp species from New Zealand, but there were few matches at species level. Average levels of endophyte species diversity associated with single Nothofagus species and single podocarp species were similar, despite historical literature and collection data recording more than twice as many fungal species on average from the Nothofagus species. The significance of these findings to fungal conservation is discussed.     

Development of a multiplex PCR assay to discriminate native Hymenoscyphus albidus and introduced Hymenoscyphus fraxineus in Britain and assess their distribution

Two Hymenoscyphus species are associated with ash (Fraxinus) in Europe; the recently arrived ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and apparently native Hymenoscyphus albidus. However, in parts of Europe invasive H. fraxineus appears to be replacing H. albidus which may, therefore, face extinction. We designed primers based on calmodulin sequences for use in singleplex and multiplex PCR assays to detect and discriminate between these two morphologically very similar species. The multiplex assay was tested against 50 isolates and 26 apothecial field samples of H. albidus/H. fraxineus from Europe and Asia, plus isolates of Hymenoscyphus fructigenus, Hymenoscyphus koreanus and Hymenoscyphus occultus. Use of the assay confirmed both H. albidus and H. fraxineus were present across southern Britain between 2014 and 2015, with H. albidus detected at eight geographically distinct sites. The sensitivity, specificity and potential applications of the multiplex assay are discussed.     

Relationships among Tasmanian Tertiary Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) populations

Three leaf and two cupule forms of Nothofagus from the Early Oligocene deposit at Lea River are assigned to the previously described species Nothofagus tasmanica, N. lobata, N. gunnii, N glandularis and N. bulbosa. A single leaf specimen is possibly referable to Nothofagus subgenus Brassospora. Nothofagus microphylla , previously described from Monpeelyata, is separated into two species. These two species are N. microphylla and a new deciduous species named Nothojagus martinii. N. murophylla is transferred from the Nothofagus subgenus Lophozonia to subgenus Nothofagus , based upon cuticular characteristics. Nothw bulbosa and Nothojiis gunnii are also present at Monpeelyata. It is proposed that both N. lobata and N. microphylla have heterophyllous shoots and thus two leaf morphologies. Evolutionary and environmental relationships between Nothofagus species at Lea River, Monpeelyata and Little Rapid River are discussed. Large scale disturbance and increased seasonality are predicted to have caused the extinction of Nothofqus subgenus Nothofagus in Australia.     

Systematics of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) based on rDNA spacer sequences (ITS): taxonomic congruence with morphology and plastid sequences

Phylogenetic relationships were examined within the southern beech family Nothofagaceae using 22 species representing the four currently recognized subgenera and related outgroups. Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences encoding the 5.8s rRNA and two flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS) provided 95 phylogenetically informative nucleotide sites from a single alignment of ~588 bases per species. Parsimony analysis of this variation produced two equally parsimonious trees supporting four monophyletic groups, which correspond to groups designated by pollen type. These topologies were compared to trees from reanalyses of previously reported rbcL sequences and a modified morphological data set. Results from parsimony analysis of the three data sets were highly congruent, with topological differences restricted to the placement of a few terminal taxa. Combined analysis of molecular and morphological data produced six equally parsimonious trees. The consensus of these trees suggests two basal clades within Nothofagus. Within the larger of the two clades, tropical Nothofagus (subgenus Brassospora) of New Guinea and New Caledonia are strongly supported as sister to cool-temperate species of South America (subgenus Nothofagus). Most of the morphological apomorphies of the cupule, fruit, and pollen of Nothofagus are distributed within this larger clade. An area cladogram based on the consensus of combined data supports three trans-Antarctic relationships, two within pollen groups and one between pollen groups. Fossil data support continuous ancestral distributions for all four pollen groups prior to continental drift; therefore, vicariance adequately explains two of these disjunctions. Extinction of trans-Antarctic sister taxa within formerly widespread pollen groups explains the third disjunction; this results in a biogeographic pattern indicative of phylogenetic relationship not vicariance. For the biogeographically informative vicariant clades, area relationships based on total evidence support the recently advanced hypothesis that New Zealand and Australia share a unique common ancestry. Contrary to previous thought, the distribution of extant Nothofagus is informative on the area relationships of the Southern Hemisphere, once precise phylogenetic relationships are placed in the context of fossil data.     

Characterization of an UV- and VIS-absorbing, purpurogallin-derived secondary pigment new to algae and highly abundant in Mesotaenium berggrenii (Zygnematophyceae, Chlorophyta), an extremophyte living on glaciers

Mesotaenium berggrenii is one of few autotrophs that thrive on bare glacier surfaces in alpine and polar regions. This extremophilic alga produces high amounts of a brownish vacuolar pigment, whose chemical constitution and ecological function is largely unknown until now. Field material was harvested to isolate and characterize this pigment. Its tannin nature was determined by photometric methods, and the structure determination was carried out by means of HPLC-MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The main constituent turned out to be purpurogallin carboxylic acid-6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. This is the first report of such a phenolic compound in this group of algae. Because of its broad absorption capacities of harmful UV and excessive VIS radiation, this secondary metabolite seems to play an important role for the survival of this alga at exposed sites. Attributes and abundances of the purpurogallins found in M.?berggrenii strongly suggest that they are of principal ecophysiological relevance like analogous protective pigments of other extremophilic microorganisms. To prove that M.?berggrenii is a true psychrophile, photosynthesis measurements at ambient conditions were carried out. Sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene of this alpine species and of its arctic relative, the filamentous Ancylonema nordenski?ldii, underlined their distinct taxonomic position within the Zygnematophyceae.     

Cophylogeny and biogeography of the fungal parasite Cyttaria and its host Nothofagus, southern beech

The obligate, biotrophic association among species of the fungal genus Cyttaria and their hosts in the plant genus Nothofagus often is cited as a classic example of cophylogeny and is one of the few cases in which the biogeography of a fungus is commonly mentioned or included in biogeographic analyses. In this study molecular and morphological data are used to examine hypotheses regarding the cophylogeny and biogeography of the 12 species of Cyttaria and their hosts, the 11 species of Nothofagus subgenera Lophozonia and Nothofagus. Our results indicate highly significant overall cophylogenetic structure, despite the fact that the associations between species of Cyttaria and Nothofagus usually do not correspond in a simple one to one relationship. Two major lineages of Cyttaria are confined to a single Nothofagus subgenus, a specificity that might account for a minimum of two codivergences. We hypothesize other major codivergences. Numerous extinction also are assumed, as are an independent parasite divergence followed by host switching to account for C. berteroi. Considering the historical association of Cyttaria and Nothofagus, our hypothesis may support the vicariance hypothesis for the trans-Antarctic distribution between Australasian and South American species of Cyttaria species hosted by subgenus Lophozonia. It also supports the hypothesis of transoceanic long distance dispersal to account for the relatively recent relationship between Australian and New Zealand Cyttaria species, which we estimate to have occurred 44.6-28.5 mya. Thus the history of these organisms is not only a reflection of the breakup of Gondwana but also of other events that have contributed to the distributions of many other southern hemisphere plants and fungi.