共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Droopy: a wilty mutant of potato deficient in abscisic acid 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
S. A. QUARRIE 《Plant, cell & environment》1982,5(1):23-26
Abstract. Droopy mutant of potato ( Solanum tubero-sum L., group Pliureja ) wilts because of excessive stomatal opening (Waggoner & Simmonds, 1966). Progeny of the cross between potato clones C.P.C. 4461 and C.P.C. 4463 showed characteristics similar to those of the original droopy potato. These plants wilted at high vapour pressure deficit and their stomatal conductances in the light and the dark were higher than those of normal plants. Conductances were reduced by applied abscisic acid (ABA), but stomata remained partially open even when guard cells were plasmolysed. Leaves of droopy plants accumulated very little ABA when water-stressed. 相似文献
2.
MARGARET M. BARBOUR CHARLES R. WARREN GRAHAM D. FARQUHAR GUY FORRESTER HAMISH BROWN 《Plant, cell & environment》2010,33(7):1176-1185
Leaf internal, or mesophyll, conductance to CO2 (gm ) is a significant and variable limitation of photosynthesis that also affects leaf transpiration efficiency (TE). Genotypic variation in gm and the effect of gm on TE were assessed in six barley genotypes (four Hordeum vulgare and two H. bulbosum). Significant variation in gm was found between genotypes, and was correlated with photosynthetic rate. The genotype with the highest gm also had the highest TE and the lowest carbon isotope discrimination as recorded in leaf tissue (Δp). These results suggest gm has unexplored potential to provide TE improvement within crop breeding programmes. 相似文献
3.
Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) was measured in irrigated and droughted potato. Under irrigation, Δ in leaflets at given nodes increased (P < 0.001) between 21 and 63 d after emergence (DAE), which was attributed to increasing stomatal conductance (gs) during leaf expansion. The effect of leaf position on Δ was non-significant in mature leaves. Under drought, Δ decreased (P < 0.001) in successive leaves up the stem, reflecting changes in gs and water stress. At each node Δ remained constant or decreased, suggesting that effects of water stress were greater than changes with leaf expansion. There were significant differences in Δ between cultivars in both treatments, and in the progressive decrease in Δ up the stem under drought. Differences in Δ between cultivars were consistent with differences in stomatal control of leaf water status following water stress. Values for Δ in tubers were consistently lower than in stem and leaf, and decreased more rapidly. Differences in Δ between cultivars did not reflect dry matter production in either treatment, and differences in water use were non-significant between cultivars under drought. So, plants can achieve similar dry matter production through different growth strategies when irrigated or droughted, and Δ does not provide a simple, indirect method of selecting for dry matter production under water stress. 相似文献
4.
R. C. NAGESWARA RAO J. H. WILLIAMS K. D. R. WADIA K. T. HUBICK G. D. FARQUHAR 《The Annals of applied biology》1993,122(2):357-367
Ten groundnut genotypes were grown under adequately irrigated conditions or subjected to drought during the pod filling phase (83–113 days after sowing) in a medium deep Alfisol at the ICRISAT Centre during the 1986–1987 post-rainy season. Crop growth was measured in both treatments, but transpiration (7) and water-use efficiency (W) were quantified only in the drought treatment. Leaf samples from both treatments were assayed for discrimination against 13CO2 fixed in leaves (Δ) to examine the relationships between Δ, crop growth, and W under field conditions. The shoot dry matter accumulated during the period of drought (Y) ranged from 72–150 g m-2 and was closely related to transpiration. This indicates scope for selection of traits and practices to increase T. Water-use efficiencies ranged from 1.38–2.50 g kg-1 and were inversely related to Δ in eight out of the 10 genotypes. For the other two genotypes, there was evidence that T was underestimated by field measurements. Water-use efficiency and transpiration were not correlated suggesting that these two traits might be combined through breeding. Variation between genotypes was greatest for the partitioning of total dry matter to pods (73%), followed by water-use efficiency (31%) and transpiration (29%). Crop growth rates were negatively related to Δ under irrigated conditions but not under drought. 相似文献
5.
1. Provenances of Castanea sativa from populations adapted to different climatic areas of Turkey were grown in a field trial in Italy. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in leaf dry matter and in leaf soluble sugar, were measured, along with photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance, to study the variability of primary productivity and its ecological significance in European Chestnut.
2. Genetic variations were found in RuBP carboxylase, chlorophyll, leaf soluble protein and leaf thickness.
3. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in leaf dry matter was greater in drought-adapted than in wet-adapted provenances. A similar variation of Δ was observed in leaf soluble carbohydrates either under watered or drought conditions. Possible environmental effects of variables such as vapour pressure difference, on the relationship between transpiration efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination are discussed, on the basis of short-term and long-term results.
4. Generally low values of Δ encountered among provenances were explained not only by low values of intercellular CO2 partial pressure but also by consistently low values of mesophyll conductance leading to reduced chloroplastic CO2 partial pressure. A decrease in mesophyll conductance was induced by water shortage. Co-ordination was found between stomatal and mesophyll conductance, with the drought-adapted provenances showing much higher mesophyll conductance than the wet-adapted provenances. Variations in mesophyll conductance were related to differences in leaf protein content.
5. Possible ecophysiological adaptive mechanisms are discussed taking into account stomatal sensitivity, modulation of photosynthetic capacity and water-use efficiency under drought conditions. 相似文献
2. Genetic variations were found in RuBP carboxylase, chlorophyll, leaf soluble protein and leaf thickness.
3. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in leaf dry matter was greater in drought-adapted than in wet-adapted provenances. A similar variation of Δ was observed in leaf soluble carbohydrates either under watered or drought conditions. Possible environmental effects of variables such as vapour pressure difference, on the relationship between transpiration efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination are discussed, on the basis of short-term and long-term results.
4. Generally low values of Δ encountered among provenances were explained not only by low values of intercellular CO
5. Possible ecophysiological adaptive mechanisms are discussed taking into account stomatal sensitivity, modulation of photosynthetic capacity and water-use efficiency under drought conditions. 相似文献
6.
Carbon isotope discrimination and water-use efficiency of six crops grown under wet and dryland conditions 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
Mustard (Sinapis alba L.), Argentine canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Westar), Polish canola (Brassica campestris L. cv. Tobin), pea (Pisum sativum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum L. cv. Kyle) and soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Fielder) were grown at Outlook, Saskatchewan, Canada, under irrigated and dryland conditions. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and water-use efficiency (W), defined as grams of above ground dry matter produced per kilogram water used, were negatively correlated in the six field-grown crops. In irrigated plants Δ remained relatively constant (20–21‰) throughout the growing season. However, in dryland plants, Δ declined in response to the progressive depletion of stored soil water (Polish canola, 20-2-18-8‰; mustard, 19.9–18 5‰; pea, 19.9–17 2‰ durum wheat, 19.7–16.4‰; Argentine canola, 19.4–17.6‰; soft wheat, 19.0–17.4‰). Although there were genetic differences in Δ among the species, water availability was the major factor controlling Δ. 相似文献
7.
Carbon isotope discrimination and the ratio of carbon gained to water lost in barley cultivars 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11
Abstract A negative correlation between water-use efficiency (W), defined as the ratio of moles of carbon in the plant to moles of water transpired, and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) was established for barley in pot experiments using 12 cultivars. The correlation was strong in two independent experiments in four different controlled environment where ambient temperature and vapour pressure deficit were varied and plants were either well-watered or given limited amounts of water. Variation among cultivars was found in both Δ and W and rankings of both parameters, according to cultivar, were similar in different environments. Limiting water usually increased water-use efficiency of plants. Total dry matter can be substituted for moles of carbon when calculating water-use efficiency but the correlation between W and Δ were calculated using the carbon content of dry matter. There were differences varied significantly among cultivars. Despite these differences, correlations were also large between whole plant W and Δ of any of the plant parts. The amount of dry matter partitioned into reproductive growth varied genetically, as did the effect of stress on the partitioning. Growth, W and Δ of barley were compared with theory derived from gas exchange properties and with other literature. The effect on W of variation in vapour pressure deficit in these experiments was removed by multiplying W by vapour pressure deficit to derive the parameter, k(Pa mol C/mol H2O). This allowed comparisons among experiments with different vapour pressure deficits. The mean k for these barley cultivars was similar to that calculated by others for grasses. However, variation was found, and, in contrast with previous work which treats k as a species constant, we conclude that there is promise in selecting for increased k. 相似文献
8.
R. A. Jefferies 《Physiologia plantarum》1994,90(1):93-97
Light interception, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) grown either irrigated, or droughted from the time of plant emergence. Compared with the irrigated treatment, drought reduced both light interception and stomatal conductance. In both treatments, the yields of variable fluorescence in the dark- and light-adapted states (Fy /Fm and F'v /F'm , respectively) were negatively correlated with photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and mirrored daytime changes in PPFD. Photochemical quenching was positively correlated with PPFD, but the dominant effect of F'v /F'm resulted in a decrease in the quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) electron transport with increasing PPFD.
Drought had no significant effect on the functioning of PSII and the balance between photochemical and non-photochemical quenching was unaffected. Non-photochemical quenching was not increased by drought and the quantum yield of PSII electron transport was unaffected. It is concluded that, in leaves of droughted plants, excess energy, resultant of stomatal limitation of photosynthesis, was dissipated by photochemical quenching such as increased photorespiration. 相似文献
Drought had no significant effect on the functioning of PSII and the balance between photochemical and non-photochemical quenching was unaffected. Non-photochemical quenching was not increased by drought and the quantum yield of PSII electron transport was unaffected. It is concluded that, in leaves of droughted plants, excess energy, resultant of stomatal limitation of photosynthesis, was dissipated by photochemical quenching such as increased photorespiration. 相似文献
9.
Tracy Lawson J.i.m. Craigon Ann-Marie Tulloch Colin R. Black Jeremy J. Colls Geoff Landon 《Journal of plant physiology》2001,158(3)
Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje) were grown to maturity in open-top chambers under three carbon dioxide (CO2; ambient and 24 h d−1 seasonal mean concentrations of 550 and 680 μmol mol−1) and two ozone levels (O3; ambient and an 8 h d−1 seasonal mean of 50 nmol mol−1). Chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, and stomatal responses were determined to test the hypothesis that elevated atmospheric CO2 may alleviate the damaging influence of O3 by reducing uptake by the leaves. Elevated O3 had no detectable effect on photosynthetic characteristics, leaf conductance, or chlorophyll content, but did reduce SPAD values for leaf 15, the youngest leaf examined. Elevated CO2 also reduced SPAD values for leaf 15, but not for older leaves; destructive analysis confirmed that chlorophyll content was decreased. Leaf conductance was generally reduced by elevated CO2, and declined with time in the youngest leaves examined, as did assimilation rate (A). A generally increased under elevated CO2, particularly in the older leaves during the latter stages of the season, thereby increasing instantaneous transpiration efficiency. Exposure to elevated CO2 and/or O3 had no detectable effect on dark-adapted fluorescence, although the values decreased with time. Analysis of the relationships between assimilation rate and intercellular CO2 concentration and photosynthetically active photon flux density showed there was initially little treatment effect on CO2-saturated assimilation rates for leaf 15. However, the values for plants grown under 550 μmol mol−1 CO2 were subsequently greater than in the ambient and 680 μmol mol−1 treatments, although the beneficial influence of the former treatment declined sharply towards the end of the season. Light-saturated assimilation was consistently greater under elevated CO2, but decreased with time in all treatments. The values decreased sharply when leaves grown under elevated CO2 were measured under ambient CO2, but increased when leaves grown under ambient CO2 were examined under elevated CO2. The results obtained indicate that, although elevated CO2 initially increased assimilation and growth, these beneficial effects were not necessarily sustained to maturity as a result of photosynthetic acclimation and the induction of earlier senescence. 相似文献
10.
J. SCHANS 《Plant, cell & environment》1991,14(7):707-712
Abstract. Net photosynthesis and transpiration rates of potato plants, grown in pots in the greenhouse, were measured at various light irradiances and ambient CO2 concentrations, 3d after inoculation with second stage juveniles of Globodera pallida. Gas exchange rates, both in darkness and in light, and the initial light use efficiency were strongly reduced by nematodes. Stomatal conductance of infected plants was lower than that of control plants and showed little response to decreasing ambient CO2 concentration. The maximum internal CO2 concentration of infected plants was lower than that of control plants. Globodera pallida reduced photosynthesis also by apparent non-stomatal effects.
The effects of G. pallida on gas exchange rates are similar to the effects of abscisic acid in the transpiration stream and of abiotic stresses in the root environment. Apparently, there is a general response of plant roots to adverse conditions. The reduction of photosynthesis may be an important factor in yield reduction by potato cyst nematodes. 相似文献
The effects of G. pallida on gas exchange rates are similar to the effects of abscisic acid in the transpiration stream and of abiotic stresses in the root environment. Apparently, there is a general response of plant roots to adverse conditions. The reduction of photosynthesis may be an important factor in yield reduction by potato cyst nematodes. 相似文献
11.
Net photosynthetic and transpiration rates in a chlorophyll-deficient isoline of soybean under well-watered and drought conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The gas exchange traits of wild type soybeans (cv. Clark) and a near-isogenic, chlorophyll-deficient line homozygous for the
recessive allele y9 (y9y9) were compared under either well-watered or water-stress conditions. Mature leaves of y9 had a 65%
lower chlorophyll content than wild type. However, the net photosynthetic rate (PN) of y9 leaves was only 20% lower than in
the wild type, irrespective of water availability. Transpiration rates (E) were significantly higher in leaves of y9, compared
to the wild type, either under well-watered or stress conditions. The higher E of y9 correlated with increased stomatal conductance,
particularly in the abaxial epidermis, where more than 70% of the stomata were located. The combination of lower PN and increased
E resulted in a significant decrease of water use efficiency in y9, at both water availability levels. The relative water
content decreased in stressed leaves, much more in y9 than in wild type leaves, probably because of the higher E of the mutant
line.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Growth and water-use efficiency of 10 Triticum aestivum cultivars at different water availability in relation to allocation of biomass 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
R. VAN DEN BOOGAARD D. ALEWIJNSE E. J. VENEKLAAS H. LAMBERS 《Plant, cell & environment》1997,20(2):200-210
In environments where the amount of water is limiting growth, water-use efficiency (biomass production per unit water use) is an important trait. We studied the relationships of plant growth and water use efficiency with the pattern of biomass allocation, using 10 wheat cultivars, grown at two soil moisture levels in a growth chamber. Allocation pattern and relative growth rate were not correlated, whereas allocation pattern and water use efficiency were. Variation in transpiration per plant resulted from variation in the rate of transpiration per unit leaf area or root weight, rather than from differences in leaf area or root weight per plant. Transpiration per unit leaf area or root weight was lower when the leaf area or root weight per unit plant weight was larger. Also, the efficiency of water use at the plant and leaf levels was higher for plants with a higher leaf area per unit plant weight, and it was not correlated with the plant's growth rate. Differences in water-use efficiency at the leaf level were related to variation in stomatal conductance, rather than in the rate of photosynthesis. A high photosynthetic water-use efficiency was associated with a low efficiency of nitrogen use for photosynthesis. 相似文献
13.
A dynamic leaf gas‐exchange strategy is conserved in woody plants under changing ambient CO2: evidence from carbon isotope discrimination in paleo and CO2 enrichment studies 下载免费PDF全文
Steven L. Voelker J. Renée Brooks Frederick C. Meinzer Rebecca Anderson Martin K.‐F. Bader Giovanna Battipaglia Katie M. Becklin David Beerling Didier Bert Julio L. Betancourt Todd E. Dawson Jean‐Christophe Domec Richard P. Guyette Christian Körner Steven W. Leavitt Sune Linder John D. Marshall Manuel Mildner Jérôme Ogée Irina Panyushkina Heather J. Plumpton Kurt S. Pregitzer Matthias Saurer Andrew R. Smith Rolf T. W. Siegwolf Michael C. Stambaugh Alan F. Talhelm Jacques C. Tardif Peter K. Van de Water Joy K. Ward Lisa Wingate 《Global Change Biology》2016,22(2):889-902
Rising atmospheric [CO2], ca, is expected to affect stomatal regulation of leaf gas‐exchange of woody plants, thus influencing energy fluxes as well as carbon (C), water, and nutrient cycling of forests. Researchers have proposed various strategies for stomatal regulation of leaf gas‐exchange that include maintaining a constant leaf internal [CO2], ci, a constant drawdown in CO2 (ca ? ci), and a constant ci/ca. These strategies can result in drastically different consequences for leaf gas‐exchange. The accuracy of Earth systems models depends in part on assumptions about generalizable patterns in leaf gas‐exchange responses to varying ca. The concept of optimal stomatal behavior, exemplified by woody plants shifting along a continuum of these strategies, provides a unifying framework for understanding leaf gas‐exchange responses to ca. To assess leaf gas‐exchange regulation strategies, we analyzed patterns in ci inferred from studies reporting C stable isotope ratios (δ13C) or photosynthetic discrimination (?) in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms that grew across a range of ca spanning at least 100 ppm. Our results suggest that much of the ca‐induced changes in ci/ca occurred across ca spanning 200 to 400 ppm. These patterns imply that ca ? ci will eventually approach a constant level at high ca because assimilation rates will reach a maximum and stomatal conductance of each species should be constrained to some minimum level. These analyses are not consistent with canalization toward any single strategy, particularly maintaining a constant ci. Rather, the results are consistent with the existence of a broadly conserved pattern of stomatal optimization in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms. This results in trees being profligate water users at low ca, when additional water loss is small for each unit of C gain, and increasingly water‐conservative at high ca, when photosystems are saturated and water loss is large for each unit C gain. 相似文献
14.
R. A. JEFFERIES 《The New phytologist》1993,123(3):491-498
15.
Central paradigms of ecophysiology are that there are recognizable and even explicit and predictable patterns among species, genera, and life forms in the economics of water and nitrogen use in photosynthesis and in carbon isotope discrimination (delta). However most previous examinations have implicitly assumed an infinite internal conductance (gi) and/or that internal conductance scales with the biochemical capacity for photosynthesis. Examination of published data for 54 species and a detailed examination for three well-characterized species--Eucalyptus globulus, Pseudotsuga menziesii and Phaseolus vulgaris--show these assumptions to be incorrect. The reduction in concentration of CO2 between the substomatal cavity (Ci) and the site of carbon fixation (Cc) varies greatly among species. Photosynthesis does not scale perfectly with gi and there is a general trend for plants with low gi to have a larger draw-down from Ci to Cc, further confounding efforts to scale photosynthesis and other attributes with gi. Variation in the gi-photosynthesis relationship contributes to variation in photosynthetic 'use' efficiency of N (PNUE) and water (WUE). Delta is an information-rich signal, but for many species only about two-thirds of this information relates to A/gs with the remaining one-third related to A/gi. Using data for three well-studied species we demonstrate that at common WUE, delta may vary by up to 3 per thousand. This is as large or larger than is commonly reported in many interspecific comparisons of delta, and adds to previous warnings about simplistic interpretations of WUE based on delta. A priority for future research should be elucidation of relationships between gi and gs and how these vary in response to environmental conditions (e.g. soil water, leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit, temperature) and among species. 相似文献
16.
17.
Spatial distribution of leaf water-use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination within an isolated tree crown 总被引:11,自引:5,他引:6
X. Le Roux T. Bariac H. Sinoquet B. Genty C. Piel A. Mariotti C. Girardin & P. Richard 《Plant, cell & environment》2001,24(10):1021-1032
The spatial variations in the stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of air and leaves (total matter and soluble sugars) were quantified within the crown of a well‐watered, 20‐year‐old walnut tree growing in a low‐density orchard. The observed leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) was compared with that computed by a three‐dimensional model simulating the intracanopy distribution of irradiance, transpiration and photosynthesis (previously parameterized and tested for the same tree canopy) coupled to a biophysically based model of carbon isotope discrimination. The importance of discrimination associated with CO2 gradients encountered from the substomatal sites to the carboxylation sites was evaluated. We also assessed by simulation the effect of current irradiance on leaf gas exchange and the effect of long‐term acclimation of photosynthetic capacity and stomatal and internal conductances to light regime on intracanopy gradients in Δ. The main conclusions of this study are: (i) leaf Δ can exhibit important variations (5 and 8‰ in total leaf material and soluble sugars, respectively) along light gradients within the foliage of an isolated tree; (ii) internal conductance must be taken into account to adequately predict leaf Δ, and (iii) the spatial variations in Δ and water‐use efficiency resulted from the short‐term response of leaf gas exchange to variations in local irradiance and, to a much lesser extent, from the long‐term acclimation of leaf characteristics to the local light regime. 相似文献
18.
Effect of root zone carbon dioxide enrichment on ethylene inhibition of carbon assimilation in potato plants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Potato plants ( Solanum tuberosum L. var. Russet Burbank) treated with 1 μl ethylene 1−1 of air showed an inhibition of CO2 assimilation by 18%. The inhibition occurred after 3 h of exposure to ethylene and was not mediated through closure of the stomata. The enrichment of the root zone with CO2 almost completely abolished the ethylene inhibition of CO2 assimilation which was apparently due to an increase in the intercellular concentration of CO2 in leaves following enrichment. The effect of application of CO2 to the root zone on ethylene inhibition of CO2 assimilation seemed to last for a few days. Potato plants treated with aminoethoxyvinlglycine (AVG) showed an increase in fresh and dry weight as compared to non-treated plants. Our results indicate that both CO2 and AVG alter the effect of ethylene and promote growth in plants by inhibiting ethylene action and biosynthesis, respectively. 相似文献
19.
An attempt to establish a synthetic model of photosynthesis-transpiration based on stomatal behavior for maize and soybean plants grown in field 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A synthetic model of photosynthesis-transpiration was established based on a comprehensive consideration of models of CO2 and H2O fluxes controlled by stomata of plant leaves.The synthetic model was developed by introducing the internal conductance to CO2 assimilation, gic, and the general equation of stomatal conductance model to H2O diffusion, gsw = g0+a1Amf(Ds)/(Cs-Γ), into models of CO2 and H2O diffusion through the plant leaves stomata. In the above expression, g0 and a1 are coefficients, Cs ambient CO2 concentration at leaf surface, Γ CO2 compensation point, and f(Ds) the general function describing the response of stomatal conductance to humidity. Using the data observed in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max Merr.) plants grown in the field, the parameters in the model were identified, and the applicability of the model was examined. The verification indicated that the developed model could be used to estimate net assimilation rate, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency with a high enough level of precision. The examination also showed that when f(Ds) = hs or f(Ds) = (1+Ds/D0)−1 was employed, the estimation precision of the synthetic model was highest. In the study, the parameter gic was estimated by means of a linear function of QP because it was shown to be mostly correlated with photosynthetic photon flux, QP, among various environmental factors. 相似文献
20.
Gas exchange, water relations, and leaf traits were studied in the tuberous-root producing legumes ahipa (Pachyrhizus ahipa) and yambean (P. erosus) under different environmental conditions. Differences in leaf traits (hairiness, leaf area, areal leaf mass, stomatal density) and paraheliotropism were found between ahipa and yambean. Under sufficient water supply, the increase in air temperature and decrease in air humidity increased stomatal conductance (g
s) and net photosynthetic rate (P
N) in yambean but reduced them in ahipa. In a drying soil (14 d after irrigation), inter-specific variation in gas exchange was only observed in the early morning, and yambean showed a greater sensitivity to water restriction than ahipa. High g
s at low humidity increased P
N of P. erosus but resulted in lower water-use efficiency (WUE). However, long-term WUE, estimated by leaf carbon isotope discrimination, showed little variation between species. Daily-irrigated ahipa and yambean grown in the greenhouse did not show significant differences in gas exchange. However, leaf temperature was significantly greater in yambean than in ahipa while a steepper relationship between E and P
N and g
s was observed in ahipa. 相似文献