THE POWER OF THE " A" -" NOT A" METHOD

The " A" - " Not A" method is a rating method with two categories. It is often treated as a discrimination method. Unlike forced choice procedures, the Thurstonian model for this method involves a choice criterion. In statistical tests, it is treated as a comparison of two proportions. In this paper, the power for hypothesis tests involving the monadic and replicated monadic " A" - " Not A" method is discussed. The power functions and the sample sizes needed for 80% power are given based on Thurstone's δ. Designs with equal and unequal allocations for A and A (Not A) samples are considered. The power of the method is also compared with that of four forced choice methods under the assumption that the perceptual variance is identical among methods. The comparison shows that, in general, the power for the five methods ranks from high to low: the 3-AFC, 2-AFC, " A" - " Not A", triangular and duo-trio. The comparison also shows that, based on the same number of panelists and/or the same sample size for the A and A⁻ samples for the methods, if the panelists are not too discrepant and the choice criterion in the " A" - " Not A" method is not too strict or too lax, the power of the " A" - " Not A" method is very close to that of the 2-AFC method.     

岗柴与刹柴(茅柴)的茎秆与纤维的比较解剖观察

荻(Miscanthus sacchariflorus)属禾本科多年生草本植物,在长江流域以南分布很广。它不仅是草类纤维中主要的造纸原料植物,而且也有防沙固堤,净化污水等作用。目前湖北省主要是采用荻的茎秆作造纸原料。但湖北省的老苇田里,常有与岗柴形     

动态神经元网络模型的复杂性问题

在动态神经元网络模型中,当神经元总数仅为３时就观察到了非周期振荡。运用Ｌｅｍｐｅｌ和Ｚｉｖ提出的复杂性度量对这种现象进行了分析,结果表明对于其中一个神经元所发出的脉冲序列来说,至少直到１０００个脉冲为止还不能发现任何的周期性,并且其复杂性可以和由ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ映射所产生的时间序列当其参数落在混沌区中时所具有的复杂性相比拟．这些结果也表明这种方法是所观察的时间范围内区分长周期振荡和非周期活动的好方法。结果还提示神经生理实验记录中所谓的噪声,其中有些可能是来源于生物神经元本身的非线性性质。     

《组合中药学》及其理论系统的建立

我们以传统中医药理论与现代科技的结合为出发点,提出了《组合中药学》新理论体系,试图解答中药现代化中基础理论方面的关键问题。中药的本质就是“组合”。无论是主或复方都是一个庞大的分子库,具有相同或相似功能的分子组合成一个群体。这些群体表现出特定的药效。“组合”有三层意思：生药的组合、分子群的组合与特定药效功能的组合。分子群是特定药效功能的物质基础。分子群的观念表明了东方医药不同于西方的本质之所在,西方医药学研究的对象是单一的化合物。复方是特定药效的组合,分别具有不同或相同或相似药效的几类分子群的组合。即为中药的复方制剂。这些分子群体的组合或相辅相成,或减毒增效,以达到治疗的目的。本论文阐述了《组合中药学》的目的、意义和研究方法。《组合中药学》作为一大研究领域,可以建立一整套现代中药学的新理论体系,为中药的现代化提供科学依据,并可以此作为中药现代化切入点,以解决中医药科学化的关键问题。遵循这一理论体系,可以使中医药研究系统化,起到提纲挈领的作用,具有重要的理论价值和指导意义。《组合中药学》就是从《组合分子》水平上研究中药及其药效的物质基础,阐明中药活性部位的相互作用与药效的相互关系及其作用机制。《组合中药学》的三个新概念：中药功效分子族：具有相似药效作用的一类分子的组合,其骨架及功能团相同或相似。中药表征性组合分子：单味中药药效的代表性功效分子族,即主要药效分子组合。中药非表征性组合分子：单味中药表征性分子以外的其他功效分子族,即辅助药效分子的组合。     

A "CELL-CONTACT TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE" MUTANT OF THE CELLULAR SLIME MOLD DICTYOSTELIUM MUCOROIDES

A mutant (TS-2) that is temperature-sensitive with respect to cell contact was isolated from the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium mucoroides. The TS-2 were able to grow and develop normally at 21°C, but unable to grow at 31.5°C. When TS-2 were allowed to develop until the aggregation stage at 21°C and then shifted to 31.5°C, they instantly lost cell-to-cell contact, resulting in disintegration of the aggregation stream and flattening of the aggregation center. Although a slug transferred to 31.5°C retained its original shape, loss of cell-to-cell contact within the cell mass was evidenced by several facts. The TS-2 interphase amebas, at 31.5°C, also lost cell-to-substratum contact, and the loss of contact was followed by the production of cell-wall substance on their surface. The production of the same substance at 31.5°C was also observed in cells at aggregation and migration stages, but not in those at the vegetative stage. When TS-2 cells at various developmental stages were kept at 31.5°C for various periods of time and returned to 21°C they lost morphogenetic capacity in proportion to the production of the cell-wall substance.     

花生根瘤菌优良菌株“305”、“4341”和“4464”的选育

用吖啶橙处理花生根瘤菌菌株“009”,从处理液中分离到1211个衍生菌株,经过初筛与复筛,从中选育出“305”、“4341”和“4464”等侵染结瘤能力较强的菌株。血清学反应证明,这些衍生菌株确系亲株“009”的后代。生理生化特征的鉴定结果显示:亲株与衍生物之间以及各衍生物相互之间的共同性较少,而差异性较大。田间试验结果表明,新选菌株对良种和本地花生都有很强的侵染结瘤能力;在花生的新、老种植区以及不同类型的土壤上,都有显著的增产作用;是适合本省土壤,气候和耕作制度的优良菌株。