猫丘脑束旁核神经元对电刺激外周神经与动脉注射缓激肽的放电反应

为了确定丘脑束旁核神经元对外周神经伤害性刺激的各类反应是否都属于痛敏反应,在氯醛糖麻醉的36只猫上观察了束旁核神经元对强电流刺激外周神经与动脉注射缓激肽的放电反应。根据放电的潜伏期和持续时间,可将观察到的162个单位对强电流刺激外周神经的反应分成四种类型。1.短潜伏期反应,69个单位。2.长潜伏期反应,15个单位。3.短-长潜伏期反应,37个单位。4.自发放电抑制,41个单位。静脉注射芬太尼不能抑制短潜伏期反应,动脉注射缓激肽不能诱发这类神经元放电,说明这类反应不是痛敏反应。其它三种反应,都可为静脉注射芬太尼所抑制或减弱,又可为动脉注射缓激肽所诱发,说明这三类反应都属于痛敏反应。     

在清醒家兔中电针对刺激下丘脑引起的防御反应的抑制作用

在清醒家兔中电刺激下丘脑背内侧区可引起血压升高、肾交感神经放电增加、心率减慢等一系列防御反应的表现。用低频电脉冲刺激一侧“足三里”穴20min,可明显抑制刺激下丘脑引起的防御反应。这种抑制效应在停止电针后仍能持续一段时间,但可被静脉内注射纳洛酮(0.4mg/kg)翻转。预先注射纳洛酮也能防止电针的抑制效应。损毁下丘脑基底部包括弓状核在内的局部区域后,电针对防御反应的抑制作用基本消失。在弓状核区微量注射 L-谷氨酸钠(50mM,1μl)也可抑制刺激下丘脑引起的防御反应。这种抑制效应同样可被静脉内注射纳洛酮翻转。以上实验结果表明,电针可抑制刺激下丘脑引起的防御反应,弓状核区的内啡肽神经元可能在电针对防御反应的抑制效应中起重要的作用。     

安定,氟安定对刺激家兔中脑诱发升压反应的抑制作用

３２只家兔,用α－氯醛糖和氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉,肌肉麻醉行人工呼吸。观察安定或氟安定对刺激中脑导水管周围灰质背侧部所引起升压反应的影响。当静脉注射安定或氟安定注入侧脑室,使刺激中脑诱发的升压反应受抑,表面为收缩压增量和平均压增量减小。微量注射氟安定到双侧延髓腹外侧头端区,也出现升压反应受到抑制,降低△ＳＢＰ和△ＭＢＰ;而于双侧腹外端区微量注射相同剂量氟安定则无抑制作用。在ｒＶＬＭ用ＧＡＢＡＡ受体阻断剂     

刺激大脑皮层联合区对C类纤维传入诱发皮层电反应的影响

电刺激猫大脑皮层前外侧回联合区(ALA)能使隐神经 C 类纤维传入引起的体感皮层(S(?)区)诱发电位(C-CEP)的幅值明显变小,并有后作用,表明 ALA 对 C-CEP 有抑制作用;切断ALA 与 SI 区之间的皮层内纤维联系后,ALA 对 C-CEP 的抑制作用明显减弱,抑制时程缩短;侧脑室微量注射阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮后,电刺激 ALA 对 C-CEP 的抑制作用明显减弱,表明 ALA 对 C-CEP 的抑制作用的作用途径之—可能是通过 ALA 与 SI 区之间的皮层内神经径路;可能与内源性阿片样物质的释放有关。提示大脑皮层联合区可能对体感皮层 C-CEP 有调制作用。     

下丘脑背内侧核在缰核兴奋诱发的心血管反应及腓深神经抑制中的作用

目的 :阐明下丘脑背内侧核 (DMH)在缰核 (Hb)兴奋诱发的心血管反应中的作用及DMH在腓深神经 (DPN)传入冲动调节Hb兴奋诱发的心血管活动中的作用及机制。方法 :脲酯和氯醛糖混合静脉麻醉的家兔 ,电刺激Hb、腓深神经 ,记录股动脉血压及心外膜电图 ,DMH内微量注射受体拮抗剂。结果 :同侧DMH微量注射谷氨酸受体阻断剂Kynurenicacid ,部分取消了电刺激Hb兴奋诱发的升压反应及缺血性心电变化反应。同侧DMH微量注射纳洛酮对腓深神经传入冲动抑制Hb兴奋诱发的上述反应有削弱作用。结论 :DMH及其中的谷氨酸受体参与电刺激缰核兴奋诱发的心血管反应 ,DMH及其中的阿片受体参与了DPN传入冲动对上述心血管反应的抑制作用     

杏仁中央核在躯体传入冲动抑制中枢性升压反应中的作用

目的:阐明电刺激腓深神经(DPN)对下丘脑室旁核(PVN)兴奋后的心血管反应的调节作用及杏仁中央核(CeA)在此作用中的地位。方法:电刺激SD大鼠中枢核团PVN,或用核团(CeA)内微量注射法注射L-谷氨酸钠(L-Glu)或红藻氨酸(KA)。同时记录大鼠股动脉血压、平均动脉压(MAP)、心电图及心率(HR)曲线。结果:电刺激一侧PVN后,MAP升高,HR变化不一,以下降为主。电刺激腓深神经对PVN兴奋诱发的升压反应有抑制作用。在同侧CeA微量注射0.02mol/L的KA100nl,10min后刺激PVN,血压升高(13.8±3.2)mmHg,较注射KA前削弱了(6.6±1.6)mmHg(P<0.05),DPN对刺激PVN的升压反应的抑制百分比也从51.5%降为32.0%。结论:杏仁中央核部分介导了PVN兴奋后引起的升压反应。DPN传入冲动对PVN中枢性升压反应有抑制作用,其机制可能与杏仁中央核有关。     

电针改善VBI所致内耳微循环障碍及对VOR的影响

目的：对照电针和西比灵（盐酸氟桂利嗪）的效应,探讨电针改善椎-基底动脉供血不足（VBI）所致内耳微循环障碍的机理及电针对前庭-眼反射（VOR）的影响。方法：组织硬化剂-775注射液注射致家兔左侧颈椎横突软组织建立椎动脉型颈椎病（VCS）模型,采用直线加速度（LA）和水平旋转（HR）诱发眼震电图（ENG）、经颅多谱勒（TCD）、激光多谱勒血流计（LDF）和血液流变学,检测VBI家兔NEG频率、基底动脉（BA）血流速度、内耳血流量（IEBF）、血液粘度和细胞流变性变化。结果：模型组ENG频率、BA血流速度和IEBF显著降低,全血中、低切变率粘度和红细胞聚集指数（EDI）显著增高。西比灵可显著降低全血粘度和EDI,加快BA收缩期血流速度（Vs）,但对舒张期血流速度（Vd）和平均血流速度（Vm）无明显作用。电针不能降低血液粘度和EDI无明显作用,但改善IEBF和LA诱发的ENG作用较西比灵显著,并有增快Vs、Vd和Vm的趋势,电针和西比灵对HR诱发的ENG均无改善作用。结论：VBI所致内耳微循环障碍可引起前庭和水平半规管功能障碍,电针可能通过神经一体液调节改善VBI,并可能主要通过增强内耳微循环局部调节改善内耳血供,恢复前庭囊斑对LA的敏感性。电针效应优于西比灵。VBI模型前庭器官内血流分配及前庭信号转导可能存在复杂的机制,有待深入研究。     

一氧化氮/内皮素在大鼠胃粘膜损伤中的作用及电针的调整效应

用酒精灌胃引起大鼠胃粘膜损伤模型,观察内皮衍生因子（ＮＯ／ＥＴ）的含量变化和电针对胃粘膜损伤调整作用,结果发现：酒精灌胃后,胃粘膜血流量（ＧＭＢＦ）、跨壁电位差,血ＮＯ含量降低（Ｐ〈０．０１）,血浆ＥＴ含量和胃粘膜损伤指数（ＬＩ）增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）或硝普钠（ＳＮＰ）灌注预处理后（ｉｖ）,ＮＯ含量和ＧＭＢＦ明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＥＴ含量和ＬＩ指数下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

Inhibitory effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on the porcine lymphocyte response to mitogens and reversal of the effect with metal ions

The effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on the mitogen response of porcine lymphocytes and the role of metal ions in reversal of the inhibitory effect of EDTA were determined. Porcine lymphocyte responses to mitogens were totally suppressed when serum used to supplement Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-free minimum essential medium (MEM) was dialyzed against saline or saline with 0.2 or 0.60 mM EDTA, but the responses were only partially reduced when the same serum was added to RPMI-1640 medium. The inhibition observed in MEM could be reversed by adding 1×10⁻³ M Ca²⁺ and 1×10⁻³ M Mg²⁺ to the dialyzed serum. Serum treated directly with 0.60 mM EDTA completely suppressed blastogenesis in lymphocyte cultures maintained in RPMI-1640 or Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ free MEM. The inhibitory effect of EDTA-treated serum could be completely reversed by adding Zn²⁺ or a combination of Zn²⁺ with other cationic ions, or partially reversed by adding Ni²⁺ or Fe³⁺. Zn²⁺ was the most effective ion, in that it was the only ion that, when alone added to the serum, could completely restore lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM).     

阿魏酸对脂多糖诱导的小鼠小胶质细胞炎性反应的抑制作用

阿魏酸是川芎、当归等中药的有效成分之一,具有较强的抗氧化活性和抗炎作用。小胶质细胞是脑内常驻的免疫效应细胞,极易被激活而导致脑内发生慢性神经性炎症反应,与阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病的发生发展密切相关。该研究采用脂多糖(LPS)刺激小胶质细胞(BV-2)活化,研究阿魏酸对炎症反应的抑制作用。结果表明,2.5～22.5μg/mL的阿魏酸浓度依赖性的抑制一氧化氮(NO)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)等炎症因子的产生,以及一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)蛋白的表达,其作用机制可能与其抑制Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达有关。     

间充质干细胞外泌体对海马星形胶质细胞活化的抑制作用研究

目的 探讨间充质干细胞外泌体(MSC-Exo)对海马星形胶质细胞活化的抑制作用.方法 实验通过超速离心法提取脐带MSC-Exo,并使用PKH-26染料标记;MSC-Exo预处理原代海马星形胶质细胞后使用脂多糖(LPS)诱导细胞活化,并分为对照组、LPS组和LPS+MSC-Exo组,进而行免疫细胞化学检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白...     

Testing the effect of individual color morphology on immune response in bush-crickets

Abstract Despite the growing interest in how an individual's immune response is correlated to morphological and ecological factors, little empirical data has been available from wild insect populations. Many insects have different color morphs and exhibit differences in immune responses. Links are expected to exist between body colors and immune function in insects, because the same biochemical precursors involved in the immune response are responsible for melanin-based color markings. In this study, I assay the immune response of two different color morphs of 377 wild-caught bush-crickets, Metrioptera roeseli, from 20 populations by measuring individual encapsulation responses to a surgically implanted nylon monofilament. There was no difference between green and brown bush-cricket morphs (low melanin vs high melanin investment in cuticula color respectively) and their ability to mount an immune response to the implant. Further study is needed on the relationship between color morphology and immune response in wild insects, and whether trade-offs occur between factors during an insect's development phase and long-term health.     

Inhibitory effect of cholesterol on the uptake of liposomes by liver and spleen

The effect of cholesterol content of small unilamellar (SUV) and reverse phase (REV) liposomes on blood clearance and tissue distribution has been studied. [¹⁴C]Inulin has been used as an aqueous marker of liposomes to represent the uptake of intact liposomes in tissues. The blood clearance of the intravenously-injected SUV and REV liposomes depends on the cholesterol content of liposomes. The cholesterol-free (0 mol%) liposomes are cleared more readily from the circulation than the cholesterol-poor liposomes (20 mol%) and the cholesterol-poor are cleared more rapidly than the cholesterol-rich (46.6 mol%) liposomes. This clearance pattern of liposomes from the circulation is not attributed to the change of size of liposomes due to the increase in cholesterol content of liposomes. However, poor stability of cholesterol-free or cholesterol-poor liposomes in the circulation is partly responsible, but the predominant factor responsible for the observed blood clearance pattern is the inhibitory effect of cholesterol on the uptake of liposomes by reticuloendothelial-rich tissues liver and spleen. Uptake of liposomes by these organs is decreased with increasing cholesterol content of vesicles. It is suggested that to produce liposome preparations with a long circulating half life in vivo it is necessary to inhibit their uptake by liver and spleen.     

三种农药亚致死剂量对椰甲截脉姬小蜂功能反应的影响

测定了氯氰菊酯、啶虫脒和椰甲清3种杀虫剂亚致死剂量对椰甲截脉姬小蜂Asecodes hispinarumBoucˇek寄生椰心叶甲Brontispa logissima(Gestro)功能反应的影响。结果表明:亚致死剂量杀虫剂没有改变椰甲截脉姬小蜂功能反应模型的基本结构,但影响到了模型的各项参数。药剂处理后椰甲截脉姬小蜂的最大日捕食量降低,处理猎物时间延长,搜寻效应减弱。氯氰菊酯和啶虫脒的处理后瞬时攻击率减小,但椰甲清处理后瞬时攻击率高于对照。可见,在亚致死剂量下,氯氰菊酯和啶虫脒对椰甲截脉姬小蜂的寄生作用存在不良影响,椰甲清(30%杀虫单+15%啶虫脒)可提高其瞬时攻击率但减弱其搜索效应。