下丘脑穹窿周围区不同部位兴奋对心肌Po_2及ECG－ST的影响

电刺激下丘脑穹窿周围区（ＰＦＡ）的下丘脑背内侧核（ＤＭＨ）,下丘脑腹内侧核（ＶＭＨ）与下丘脑外侧区（ＬＨＡ）均可引起心肌Ｐ０＿２下降与血压升高,而以ＤＭＨ所致的心肌Ｐ０,下降最明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。心得安可取消电刺激ＬＨＡ所致的心肌ＰＯ＿２下降,部分取消电刺激ＶＭＨ引起的心肌ＰＯ＿２下降,而不改变电刺激ＤＭＨ所致的心肌ＰＯ＿２下降（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＤＭＨ、ＶＭＨ微量注射谷氨酸钠（０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ０．５μｌ）均可诱发升压反应和ＥＣＧ－ＳＴ压低,而ＬＨＡ微量注射谷氨酸却导致降压反应,对ＥＣＧ－ＳＴ无明显影响。上述结果提示ＤＭＨ为ＰＦＡ各区诱发心肌缺血缺氧的主要核团。兴奋ＤＭＨ、ＶＭＨ所致的心血管效应主要由胞体兴奋诱发,而电刺激ＬＨＡ所致的升压反应主要为兴奋过路纤维引起,该区胞体兴奋主要导致降压反应。     

双功能抗体介导的胃癌杀伤效应

将诱变的αＣＤ３杂交瘤（ＴＫ~－）与ＰＤ４杂交瘤（ＨＧＰＲＴ~－）融合,获得分泌双功能抗体（ＢｓＡｂ）的四体杂交瘤Ｃ３．ＢｓＡｂＣ３可分别与ＣＤ３分子及胃癌相关抗原Ｐ４０反应．体外杀伤试验证实,当效靶比为４０：１,ＢｓＡｂＣ３浓度为１ｍｇ／Ｌ时,其杀伤效应可达７７．６％．该杀伤效应具有明显的特异性,仅Ｐ４０阳性表达的靶细胞可被溶解,体内杀伤试验证实,裸鼠接种胃癌细胞后５ｄ,以ＢｓＡｂＣ３活化的外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬｓ）经局部皮下注射处理,可使移植胃癌完全消退（５／５）．这一明显的治疗作用可能与局部注射途径有关,可供临床应用参考．     

缓激肽抑制大鼠DRG分离神经元的GABA激活电流

本文应用全细胞膜片箝技术在新鲜分离的大鼠背根神经节（ＤＲＧ）神经元上研究缓激肽（ＢＫ）对γ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）反应的调制作用。结果发现：在３４个对ＧＡＢＡ反应的细胞中有３１个细胞对ＢＫ敏感。在对ＢＫ敏感并引起内向电流的２７个细胞中预加ＢＫ,对ＧＡＢＡ－激活电流具有明显的抑制作用,如１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＢＫ可抑制ＧＡＢＡ（１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）激活电流３０％。ＢＫ可将ＧＡＢＡ量效曲线明显下移,并     

P物质在谷氨酸兴奋外侧下丘脑-穹窿周围区引起的升压反应中之作用

Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）能神经元及其轴突末梢和受体广泛分布于很多心血管中枢。外侧下丘脑含ＳＰ能神经元,外侧下丘脑投射的升压区内又存在ＳＰ能纤维及ＳＰ受体;因此本工作检验ＳＰ在外侧下丘脑升压反应中的作用。实验显示：（１）Ｌ－谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）兴奋外侧下丘脑的穹窿周围区（ＬＨ／ＰＦ）或将ＳＰ分别注入各ＬＨ投射区：蓝斑（ＬＣ）、臂旁核（ＮＰＢ）或中脑导水管周围灰质（ＰＡＧ）均引起升压反应;（２）［Ｄ－Ｐｒｏ２,Ｄ－Ｐｈｅ７,Ｄ－Ｔｒｐ９］－ＳＰ（ＳＰ拮抗剂）预先注入ＬＣ或ＰＡＧ可使Ｇｌｕ兴奋ＬＨ／ＰＦ引起的升压反应减小,而注入ＮＰＢ对该反应无明显影响;（３）双侧延髓头端腹外侧区（ＲＶＬ）分别用酚妥拉明、心得安或阿托品预处理也可明显削弱该反应。结合我们以往的实验结果：ＲＶＬ内的α－、β－、Ｍ－受体介导ＬＣ升压反应,α－和β－受体介导ＰＡＧ－升压反应;本工作显示ＬＨ／ＰＦ可通过其ＳＰ能投射纤维作用于ＬＣ－ＲＶＬ和ＰＡＧ－ＲＶＬ升压系统而实现其升压反应。     

灵芝多糖对人脐血LAK细胞活性的影响

本文研究了灵芝多糖（ＧＬＰ）对人脐血ＬＡＫ（ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ）细胞活性的影响,结果发现,单独ＧＬＰ能刺激人脐血单个核细胞（ＣＢＭＣ）增殖,但不能诱导ＬＡＫ活性,当与５０ｕ／ｍｌｒＩＬ—２伍用时,可增殖ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ细胞诱导活性,不同剂量ＧＬＰ（０．５—１００μｇ／ｍｌ）影响作用不同,以１０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度最好．在不同浓度ｒＩＬ—２（１０—１００ｕ／ｍｌ）诱导ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ细胞过程中加入ＧＬＰ（１０μｇ／ｍｌ）,可明显提高细胞增殖能力,减少ｒＩＬ—２用量。ＧＬＰ亦能促进效应阶段ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ细胞对Ｒａｊｉ肿瘤靶细胞的杀伤作用（Ｐ＜０．００１）。由此看出,ＧＬＰ具有增强ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ细胞活性的作用,是一很好的生物反应调节剂（ＢＲＭ）,有必要进行深入的研究。     

CRF在谷氨酸兴奋中央杏仁核引起的升压反应中之作用

促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（ＣＲＦ）能神经元的胞体和轴突末梢广泛分布在中央杏仁核（ＡＣ）及其投射的重要升压区。本工作显示：（１）谷氨酸兴奋ＡＣ或将ＣＲＦ分别注入ＡＣ投射区：室旁核（ＮＰＶ）、外侧下丘脑／穹窿周围区（ＬＨ／ＰＦ）、蓝斑（ＬＣ）、臂旁核（ＮＰＢ）、中脑导水管周围灰质（ＰＡＧ）或延髓头端腹外侧区（ＲＶＬ）均引起升压反应;（２）ＡＣ的上述投射区内预先分别注入α－ＨｅｌｉｃａｌＣＲＦ［９－４１］（ＣＲＦ拮抗剂）均能阻断谷氨酸兴奋ＡＣ引起的升压反应。以上结果结合以往报道：ＬＨ／ＰＦ也有纤维投射至ＬＣ、ＮＰＢ和ＰＡＧ,后三者均可通过ＲＶＬ引起升压反应,表明ＡＣ发出的ＣＲＦ能投射纤维一方面可兴奋ＮＰＶ,另一方面则可间接（通过ＬＨ／ＰＦ）或直接作用于ＬＣ、ＮＰＢ和ＰＡＧ,进而激活ＲＶＬ－交感兴奋神经元,也可能直接兴奋ＲＶＬ而引起升压反应     

豚鼠腹腔神经节细胞γ－氨基丁酸双相反应的药理学特性

在豚鼠腹腔神经节细胞,γ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）可诱发“去极化－超极化”的双相反应,去极化伴膜电阻减小,超极化伴膜电阻增大,这种反应在低钙高镁液中仍然存在。蝇蕈醇可模拟ＧＡＢＡ双相反应,但在诱发相同强度的去极化反应时,蝇蕈醇产生的超极化弱于ＧＡＢＡ。荷包牡丹碱（１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和印防已毒素（１００—３００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能可逆地抑制ＧＡＢＡ诱发的双相反应。Ｂａｃｌｏｆｅｎ对神经节细胞的膜电位无明显影响。结果提示,ＧＡＢＡ双相反应的去极化相由ＧＡＢＡＡ／Ｃｌ－通道受体复合物介导,而超极化相很可能由不同于经典的ＧＡＢＡＡ受体,但其药理学行为又由与之十分相近的另一种ＧＡＢＡ受体介导。     

室旁核在刺激中脑防御反应区诱发防御性升压反应中的作用

雄性ＳＤ大鼠,用乌拉坦（７００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和氯醛糖（３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）腹腔麻醉。实验结果：（１）每隔５ｍｉｎ电刺激中脑导水管周围灰质背侧部“防御反应区”（ｄＰＡＧ）,持续观察５０ｍｉｎ,可见恒定的升压反应。若电解毁单侧室旁核（ＰＶＮ）区。１ｈ后,电刺激中脑ｄＰＡＧ区诱发的升压反应幅度部分减小。而损毁穹隆部、下丘脑前部、下丘脑背内侧核、下丘脑腹内侧核则无上述效应。（２）电刺激或微量注射高半胱胺酸（ＤＬ     

云南松成熟胚的体细胞胚胎的发生研究

云南松（Ｐｉｎｕｓ ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｓｉｓ Ｆｒａｎｃｈ）是我国特产的一种优良森林树种。本研究采用云南松成熟合子胚为起始外植体,在含２,４－Ｄ１０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＫＴ和ＢＡ各４ｍｇ／Ｌ的改良Ｐ６培养基上得到胚发生培养物。将白色半透明的胚性愈伤组织（含早期原胚）在含２,４－Ｄ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＫＴ和ＢＡ各０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上保持并增殖。在附加９,０００ｍｇ／Ｌ肌醇的高渗培养基（含ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＫＴ     

豚鼠腹腔神经节细胞γ—氨基丁酸双相反应的药理学特性

在豚鼠腹腔神经节细胞,γ－氨基丁酸可诱发“去极化－超极化”的双相反应,去极化伴膜电阻减小,超极化伴膜电阻增大,这种反应在低钙高镁液中仍然存在。蝇蕈醇可模拟ＧＡＢＡ双相反应,但在诱发相同强度的极化反应时,蝇蕈醇产生的超极化弱于ＧＡＢＡ。荷包牡丹碱（１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和印防已毒素（１００－３００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能可逆抑制ＧＡＢＡ诱发的双相反应。Ｂａｃｌｏｆｅｎ对神经节细胞的膜电位无明显影响。结果提示,     

Epicardial application of bradykinin elicits pressor effects and tachycardia in guinea pigs. Possible mechanisms

Topical application of bradykinin (BK) to the surface of the left ventricle (epicardial application) of anesthetized guinea pigs elicited dose-dependent pressor effects and tachycardia. The pressor effect of epicardial BK was reduced by prior systemic treatment of animals with pentolinium or a combination of phentolamine and propranolol, but it was not affected by acute bilateral vagotomy or systemic administration of atropine, indomethacin, naloxone or a combination of mepyramine and cimetidine. The tachycardia caused by epicardial BK was not affected by any of the aforementioned drugs or by section of the vagi. Both the pressor effect and tachycardia evoked by epicardial BK were abolished by prior epicardial application of lidocaine, a local anesthetic, or by chronic systemic capsaicin treatment. These results suggest that the pressor effect of epicardial BK is partially reflex in nature and likely to result from the stimulation by BK of cardiac sympathetic, capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents, whereas the tachycardia caused by epicardial BK could be mediated by an intracardiac release of (a) cardioaccelerating substance(s) from cardiac, capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve fibers and/or terminals.     

Pressor effect of electroacupuncture on hemorrhagic hypotension

Neiguan (PC-6) is a traditional acupoint in each forearm and overlies the trunk of the median nerve. Previous studies show that electroacupuncture (EA) at the Neiguan acupoint could improve not only myocardial ischemic dysfunction by inducing a depressor response but also recover hemorrhagic hypotension by inducing a pressor response. However, their physiological mechanisms are not yet elucidated. We investigated the pressor effect of Neiguan EA and its mechanism by focusing on left ventricular (LV) performance in a canine hemorrhagic hypotension model. We hemorrhaged 36 anesthetized and thoracotomized mongrel dogs and decreased LV end-systolic pressure (ESP) to approximately 70 mmHg (35% decrease). We obtained LV pressure-volume (P-V) data with a micromanometer catheter and a conductance catheter. One-hour Neiguan EA significantly recovered the decreased ESP, end-diastolic volume, and stroke volume by 32 +/- 13%, 27 +/- 13%, and 39 +/- 17%, respectively (P < 0.05), without changing heart rate and the slope of the end-systolic P-V relation. Neiguan EA inhibited a hemorrhage-induced increase in plasma catecholamines. However, vecuronium (neuromuscular blocking agent) administration abolished the antihypotension effect of Neiguan EA. Furthermore, Neiguan EA was much more effective than a nonacupoint thigh EA. We conclude that Neiguan EA achieved the antihypotension effect by improving LV filling of the hemorrhage-depressed LV performance despite the inhibition of the hemorrhage-increased plasma catecholamines. This pressor effect seemed to accompany an increased venous return by Neiguan EA-increased vasomotor tone and muscle pump. This study demonstrated a scientific basis for the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of hemorrhagic hypotension and shock.     

The cardiovascular response to epicardial application of neurotensin in guinea pigs

Topical application of picomoles of neurotensin (NT) on the surface of the left ventricle (epicardial application) of anesthetized guinea pigs evoked dose-dependent pressor effects and tachycardia. The pressor response to epicardial NT was attenuated by pentolinium, a mixture of phentolamine and propranolol, or by guanethidine. However it was not affected by indomethacin, atropine or by a mixture of mepyramine and cimetidine. The tachycardia caused by epicardial NT was not modified by any of the aforementioned drugs. Both the pressor effects and tachycardia elicited by epicardial application of NT were markedly inhibited by chronic treatment of guinea pigs with capsaicin, and by topical application of lidocaine or tetrodotoxin to the surface of the left ventricle. Epicardial application of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP) or capsaicin also elicited tachycardia and either a decrease (CGRP and SP) or increase of blood pressure (capsaicin) in anesthetized guinea pigs. Epicardial application of NT, CGRP, or capsaicin in isolated, perfused hearts of guinea pigs also caused tachycardia. Together, these results suggest that the pressor responses to topical application of NT on the surface of the left ventricle in anesthetized guinea pigs are partially reflex in nature and likely to result from the stimulation by NT of cardiac sympathetic, capsaicin-sensitive, sensory nerve endings, whereas the tachycardia caused by epicardial NT appears to be due both to direct and indirect effects of NT on ventricular muscle cells. The possible participation of CGRP and/or SP in the chronotropic effect of NT applied on the epicardium, and their putative role as neurotransmitter of cardiac, capsaicin-sensitive, sensory neurons are discussed.     

Systemic site of action for pressor effect of angiotensin II injected into the fourth cerebral ventricle of rats?

Angiotensin II (ANG II) causes a systemic pressor effect when injected into the cerebral ventricles. In the rat fourth ventricle, the effective doses for the ANG II pressor effect are over 100 times larger than in the systemic circulation. Considering the discrepancy of doses, the possibility that ANG II may reach the systemic circulation and promote pressor effects, following injection into the fourth ventricle, was investigated. The effects on blood pressure of different vasoactive peptides that produce pressor responses when injected into the central nervous system were compared. Dose-response curves were obtained for intravenous or fourth cerebroventricular injections of ANG II, lysyl-vasopressin (LVP), bradykinin (BK), or endothelin-1 (ET-1). The ED50 ratios for intracerebroventricular/intraveneous injections were 110 for ANG II, 109 for LVP, 0.01 for BK, and approximately 0.4 for ET-1. In cross-circulation preparations, pressor responses occurred in the donor rat following injection into the fourth cerebral ventricle of the recipient animal, showing that effective doses of ANG II, administered to the fourth cerebral, reach the systemic circulation. The same results were obtained for the microinjection of 4 nmol of LVP into the fourth cerebral ventricle of recipient animals. High-performance reverse-phase liquid chromatography analyses of arterial blood showed that approximately 1% of the [125I]ANG II injected into the fourth cerebral ventricle may be recovered from the systemic circulation a few seconds after the microinjection. The systemic administration of the ANG II receptor antagonist losartan blocked the response to ANG II injected into the fourth ventricle whereas antagonist administration in the same ventricle did not. Angiotensin injections into the lateral ventricle produced pressor responses that were reduced by antagonist administration to the same ventricle but not by systemic administration of the antagonist. The data suggest that the pressor effect resulting from ANG II or LVP injections into the fourth cerebral ventricle may be due to the action of this peptide in the systemic circulation. On the other hand, the pressor effect due to ANG II microinjection into the lateral ventricle apparently results from the direct stimulation of central periventricular structures.     

Effect of electroacupuncture on pressor reflex during gastric distension

The effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the reflex cardiovascular response induced by mechanical distension of the stomach was studied in ventilated male Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized by ketamine and alpha-chloralose. Repeated balloon inflation of the stomach to produce 20 mmHg tension on the gastric wall induced a consistent rise in mean arterial pressure, while heart rate (372 +/- 22 beats/min) was unchanged. This response was reversed by transection of the splanchnic nerves. Bilateral application of EA (1-2 mA, 2 Hz) at Neiguan-Jianshi acupoints (pericardial meridian, Pe 5-6) over the median nerve for 30 min significantly decreased the pressor response from 33 +/- 6 to 18 +/- 4 mmHg (n = 7, P < 0.05). This effect began after 10 min of EA and continued for 40 min after termination of EA. EA at Zusanli-Shangquxu acupoints (stomach meridian, St 36-37) over the deep peroneal nerve similarly inhibited the pressor response. The effect lasted for 10 min after EA was stopped (n = 6, P < 0.05), while EA at Guangming-Xuanzhong acupoints (gallbladder meridian, GB 37-39) over the superficial peroneal nerve did not inhibit the pressor response. Naloxone injected intravenously (n = 6) immediately after termination of EA or administered by microinjection into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM) 25 min after initiation of EA (n = 6) reversed the inhibition by EA, suggesting an opiate mechanism, including the rVLM, was involved.     

Intrarenal infusion of bradykinin elicits a pressor response in conscious rats via a B2-receptor mechanism.

Bradykinin (BK) is a peptide known to activate afferent nerve fibers from the kidney and elicit reflex changes in the cardiovascular system. The present study was specifically designed to test the hypothesis that bradykinin B2 receptors mediated the pressor responses elicited during intrarenal bradykinin administration. Pulsed Doppler flow probes were positioned around the left renal artery to measure renal blood flow (RBF). A catheter, to permit selective intrarenal administration of BK, was advanced into the proximal left renal artery. The femoral artery was cannulated to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP). MAP, heart rate (HR), and RBF were recorded from conscious unrestrained rats while five-point cumulative dose-response curves during an intrarenal infusion of BK (5-80 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) were constructed. Intrarenal infusion of BK elicited dose-dependent increases in MAP (maximum pressor response, 26+/-3 mmHg), accompanied by a significant tachycardia (130+/-18 beats/min) and a 28% increase in RBF. Ganglionic blockade abolished the BK-induced increases in MAP (maximum response, -6+/-5 mmHg), HR (maximum response 31+/-14 beats/min), and RBF (maximum response, 7+/-2%). Selective intrarenal B2-receptor blockade with HOE-140 (50 microg/kg intrarenal bolus) abolished the increases in MAP and HR observed during intrarenal infusion of BK (maximum MAP response, -2+/-3 mmHg; maximum HR response, 15+/-11 beats/min). Similarly, the increases in RBF were prevented after HOE-140 treatment. In fact, after HOE-140, intrarenal BK produced a significant decrease in RBF (22%) at the highest dose of BK. Results from this study show that the cardiovascular responses elicited by intrarenal BK are mediated predominantly via a B2-receptor mechanism.     

Nitric oxide modulates sympathoexcitatory cardiac-cardiovascular reflexes elicited by bradykinin

A number of studies have demonstrated an important role for nitric oxide (NO) in central and peripheral neural modulation of sympathetic activity. To assess the interaction and integrative effects of NO release and sympathetic reflex actions, we investigated the influence of inhibition of NO on cardiac-cardiovascular reflexes. In anesthetized, sinoaortic-denervated and vagotomized cats, transient reflex increases in arterial blood pressure (BP) were induced by application of bradykinin (BK, 0.1-10 microg/ml) to the epicardial surface of the heart. The nonspecific NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 10 mg/kg iv) was then administered and stimulation was repeated. L-NMMA increased baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 129 +/- 8 to 152 +/- 9 mmHg and enhanced the change in MAP in response to BK from 32 +/- 3 to 39 +/- 5 mmHg (n = 9, P < 0.05). Pulse pressure was significantly enhanced during the reflex response from 6 +/- 4 to 27 +/- 6 mmHg after L-NMMA injection due to relatively greater potentiation of the rise in systolic BP. Both the increase in baseline BP and the enhanced pressor reflex were reversed by L-arginine (30 mg/kg iv). Because L-NMMA can inhibit both brain and endothelial NOS, the effects of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, 25 mg/kg ip), a selective brain NOS inhibitor, on the BK-induced cardiac-cardiovascular pressor reflex also were examined. In contrast to L-NMMA, we observed significant reduction of the pressor response to BK from 37 +/- 5 to 18 +/- 3 mmHg 30 min after the administration of 7-NI (n = 9, P < 0.05), an effect that was reversed by L-arginine (300 mg/kg iv, n = 7). In a vehicle control group for 7-NI (10 ml of peanut oil ip), the pressor response to BK remained unchanged (n = 6, P > 0.05). In conclusion, neuronal NOS facilitates, whereas endothelial NOS modulates, the excitatory cardiovascular reflex elicited by chemical stimulation of sympathetic cardiac afferents.     

Cardioprotection of electroacupuncture against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulation of cardiac norepinephrine release

Augmentation of cardiac sympathetic tone during myocardial ischemia has been shown to increase myocardial O(2) demand and infarct size as well as induce arrhythmias. We have previously demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) inhibits the visceral sympathoexcitatory cardiovascular reflex. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of EA on left ventricular (LV) function, O(2) demand, infarct size, arrhythmogenesis, and in vivo cardiac norepinephrine (NE) release in a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model. Anesthetized rabbits (n = 36) underwent 30 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 90 min of reperfusion. We evaluated myocardial O(2) demand, infarct size, ventricular arrhythmias, and myocardial NE release using microdialysis under the following experimental conditions: 1) untreated, 2) EA at P5-6 acupoints, 3) sham acupuncture, 4) EA with pretreatment with naloxone (a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist), 5) EA with pretreatment with chelerythrine (a nonselective PKC inhibitor), and 6) EA with pretreatment with both naloxone and chelerythrine. Compared with the untreated and sham acupuncture groups, EA resulted in decreased O(2) demand, myocardial NE concentration, and infarct size. Furthermore, the degree of ST segment elevation and severity of LV dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias were all significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The cardioprotective effects of EA were partially blocked by pretreatment with naloxone or chelerythrine alone and completely blocked by pretreatment with both naloxone and chelerythrine. These results suggest that the cardioprotective effects of EA against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion are mediated through inhibition of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system as well as opioid and PKC-dependent pathways.     

Differential roles for glutamate receptor subtypes within commissural NTS in cardiac-sympathetic reflex

Ischemic stimulation of cardiac receptors evokes excitatory sympathetic reflexes. Although the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is an important site for integration of visceral afferents, its involvement in the cardiac-renal sympathetic reflex remains to be fully defined. This study examined the role of glutamate receptor subtypes in the commissural NTS in the sympathetic responses to stimulation of cardiac receptors. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was recorded in anesthetized rats. Cardiac receptors were stimulated by epicardial application of bradykinin (BK; 10 microg/ml). Application of BK significantly increased the mean arterial pressure from 78.2 +/- 2.2 to 97.5 +/- 2.9 mmHg and augmented RSNA by 38.5 +/- 2.5% (P < 0.05). Bilateral microinjection of 10 pmol of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, into the commissural NTS eliminated the pressor and RSNA responses to BK application in 10 rats. However, microinjection of 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (0.1 and 1 nmol, n = 8), an NMDA- receptor antagonist, or alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (0.1 and 1 nmol, n = 5), a glutamate metabotropic receptor antagonist, failed to attenuate significantly the pressor and RSNA responses to stimulation of cardiac receptors with BK. Thus this study suggests that non-NMDA, but not NMDA and glutamate metabotropic, receptors in the commissural NTS play an important role in the sympathoexcitatory reflex response to activation of cardiac receptors during myocardial ischemia.     

延髓腹外侧一氧化氮介导电针内关对急性心肌缺血大鼠心功能的作用

实验在以乌拉坦和氯醛糖混合麻醉的雄性SD大鼠上进行。结扎左冠状动脉前降支以建立急性心肌缺血(AMI)动物模型。病理学检查显示该模型具有典型的心肌缺血改变。功能学改变包括心率(HR)减慢、平均动脉压(MAP)降低,以及心功能减弱,如左室舒张末压(LVEDP)增大,左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室压变化最大速率(±dp/dt)、左室收缩成分缩短速度(VCE)、心力环总面积(L0)等均明显减小。电针AMI大鼠的内关穴位20 min,可使其HR、MAP、LVEDP、LVSP、±dp/dt、VCE和L0等均明显改善。若电针前于延髓头端腹外侧区(RVLM)微量注射一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂L-NNA(0.1 mmol/L,0.1 μl),除HR和MAP外,电针改善AMI心功能的其余各项指标均减弱或被取消,而以等量的生理盐水取代L-NNA被注入RVLM时,则不能影响EA对AMI各项心功能指标的改善作用。以上结果提示电针内关改善AMI的作用由RVLM的一氧化氮(NO)所介导。