太湖渔业发展及区域设置与功能定位

渔业是太湖的重要功能之一.太湖渔业主要以自然捕捞和围网养殖为主.目前太湖自然渔业捕捞强度及东太湖湾围网养殖的超常规发展,给湖泊生物资源带来巨大影响.依据太湖生物资源现状和分布,借助太湖遥感解译图像,定位设置太湖各类生物资源恢复与保护的功能区域,包括东部的资源保护核心区、缓冲区（湿地生态景观带）和西部的生态恢复区等.其管理目标是太湖水环境、渔业资源和生物多样性及环湖湿地、自然景观的保护,加快太湖生态恢复进程,促进旅游业和渔业的健康发展,实现太湖渔业资源的有序利用和可持续发展.     

太湖之滨撷珍珠

“太湖美啊，太湖美，美就美在太湖水……”一曲清丽婉转、吴侬软语的《太湖美》描绘了三万六千顷太湖水烟波浩渺的水乡风情，唱出了“一湖跨三洲”江南鱼米之乡的灵秀与富足。     

太湖入湖河道污染物控制生态工程模拟研究

于１９９３年采用水培经济植物对太湖入湖河道污染物的控制作了生态工程动态模拟试验,结果表明,生态工程对ＴＮ、ＴＰ、ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ,ＣＯＤ和浊度的平均除率分别为８４．１７、８３．７５、８７．９９、８６和８６．５３％,这为有效地控制太湖入湖河道污染物提供了一条新的途径。     

关于上海境内中亚热带常绿阔叶林地带北界的一点意见

在1980年出版的“中国植被”一书中,我国亚热带东部地区中亚热带常绿阔叶林地带北界的东端,在上海境内是沿着长江中的崇明和横沙两岛之间通过的。即是说,除崇明岛外,上海是划入了中亚热带的植被地带之内。这条界线与1960年出版的“中国植被区划(初稿)”中所示的东端界线差距较大。1982年刘昉勋等对江苏境内中亚热带常绿阔叶林地带的北界问题,提出了新的商榷意见,认为“中国植被”中所划的这条界线在江苏境内位置偏北,不应包括整个太湖以及无锡和苏州两地,而应是跨过太湖,经过光福镇,包括吴县南部和吴江县地区,把中亚热带常绿阔叶林地带的北界向南推移了。这一划分对上海境内的问题颇有启发。上海位于长江三角洲的前缘,是由长江挟带的泥沙在江海相互作用下冲淤而成的冲     

太湖浮游植物优势种长期演化与富营养化进程的关系

利用1991年至2002年每月一次的监测资料,系统分析了浮游植物优势种和生物量的周年变化情况。同时,总氮、总磷和浮游植物叶绿素a含量等相关资料也被用于解释太湖富营养化演化与浮游植物的关系。结果显示,太湖总氮、总磷、叶绿素a和生物量均呈自梅梁湾底至湖心的逐步递减趋势。在20世纪80年代末太湖刚开始富营养化时,浮游植物优势种群从硅藻转变为蓝藻。之后,浮游植物优势种群一直是蓝藻,但各年的浮游植物总生物量有变化。总氮、总磷、叶绿素a和生物量的年均值持续增长至1996年,其后有逐步下降的趋势,究其原因可能和当地政府在太湖流域的控制排污行动有关。微囊藻在太湖的占优是太湖富营养化的标志之一。研究结果说明浮游植物在大型浅水湖泊中可以作为反映富营养化进程的生态指标。     

江苏无锡五里湖的桡足类 Ⅰ.镖水蚤目

绪 言 五里湖位于江苏无锡市的西南郊,全湖面积约有一万五千二百余市亩。湖的南岸,东段多农田,西段系山地(绵延约3—4公里),形成一条长堤或一个窄长的半岛,介于太湖与五里湖之间,成为五里湖的挡浪坝,在南岸中段的石塘桥及西段南犊山与北犊山之间各有一口,可与太湖相通。沿湖的北岸有许多小运河和河汊,与无锡市西南郊的农田和市区相通。 湖水的深度,平时在敞水带最深处约3—4米,在沿岸带约1—2米,每值东南风之际,湖水即上涨。水呈浅黄绿色,在大风或暴雨之后,水较混浊。 湖底淤泥厚,水草多,水质属于富营养类型。     

鹅副粘病毒SF02 F基因的序列分析及SF02的多重RT—PCR鉴别

对新近分离的鹅副粘病毒SF0 2采用RT PCR方法 ,扩增F基因后测序 ,得到全长的F基因。该基因的ORF总长为 16 6 2nt,编码 5 5 3个氨基酸 ,其裂解位点的序列为112 R R Q K R F117,与新城疫病毒强毒株的特征相符。其核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分析 ,并与国内新城疫病毒标准强毒株F4 8E9相比较 ,表明该毒株在F基因上已发生了较大的变异 ,而与近年来在我国台湾和部分西欧国家流行的禽副粘病毒有很高的亲缘关系。在分析F基因序列的基础上 ,设计 3条引物 ,建立了一种新的多重RT PCR方法 ,能区分鸡新城疫病毒与鹅副粘病毒。     

太湖湖鲚生长特征和临界年龄的研究

湖鲚(Coilia ectenes taihuensis Yuanet Lin)是太湖鱼类优势种群,占太湖渔业总产的50%左右。为了探索湖鲚世代种群数量变动等生态特征,研究湖鲚的生长和临界年龄乃是一项重要的基础工作。作者曾于1983年作过初步探讨,并着重分析了临界年龄,为分析湖鲚合理开捕年龄与渔业管理提供科学依据。一、材料和方法1.材料(1)1983年1—12月每月定时在太湖8个采样点,用底拖网采集样本,底拖网的网口     

太湖水体溶解性氨基酸的空间分布特征

为探索氨基酸(DAAs)组分特征对生物可利用性溶解有机质(DOM)的示踪及定量表征可能性, 对太湖3个湖区(北太湖: 藻型湖区,东太湖: 草型湖区, 南太湖: 农业污染湖区)水体DAAs浓度、组分特征及其空间变化进行了调查研究,并对控制其量、质空间分布的因素加以讨论。结果表明夏季太湖水体DAAs的浓度范围为0.27-3.95 μmol/L,平均值为(1.38±1.17)μmol/L,与湖泊、海洋中研究中报道结果相近。北太湖、南太湖、东太湖3个湖区的DAAs浓度平均值分别为(2.59±0.71)μmol/L,(0.48±0.14)μmol/L,(0.48±0.16)μmol/L,北太湖DAAs浓度及对有机碳氮的贡献都明显高于其他湖区,DAAs组分中以苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸为主,而在南太湖和东太湖,赖氨酸都是最主要的DAAs组分。表明水体的DAAs组分特征能对湖泊营养状态及生态类型的变化做出响应,可以作为指示湖泊营养状态的生物标记物。DAAs也可以作为DOM 生物降解性的评价参数,反映湖泊水体中与生物活性相关的DOM 动态变化。根据氨基酸对有机碳的贡献估算出北太湖的活性溶解性有机碳相对含量为(17.65±17.84)%,显著高于南太湖和东太湖。但由于太湖高度的空间异质性,还需要在今后的研究工作中进行相关的室内实验,建立适用于太湖的经验公式。     

基于浮游植物生物完整性指数的湖泊生态系统评价——以2012年冬季太湖为例

依据2012年12月对太湖29个样点和同一地理区划4个湖、库的浮游植物和环境变量的监测结果,应用生物完整性理论和方法,构建冬季太湖浮游植物生物完整性指数,评价冬季太湖水生态健康质量。采用干扰程度最小系统法定义筛选确定参照点,对51个候选参数进行分布范围筛选、判别能力分析、参数间相关性分析,获得了太湖枯水期P-IBI指数的6个构成参数:总分类单元数、硅藻门分类单元%、细胞Simpson指数、细胞密度、硅藻门细胞密度%和绿藻门个体密度%。采用比值法统一各参数的量纲,累加后得到枯水期太湖P-IBI分值,并划分健康评价标准。应用P-IBI对冬季太湖水生态进行评价,8个参照点中1个点位评价结果为健康其余7个为亚健康;25个受损点中,2个点位为亚健康,9个点位为一般,12个点位为差,2个点位为极差。太湖总体受到了不同程度的人为干扰,东太湖湖区水生态状况最好,评价结果多为亚健康或一般;竺山湖、贡湖、东部沿岸和西部沿岸次之;南部沿岸和湖心区最差,湖心区有2个点位评价结果为极差。与冬季太湖P-IBI指数显著相关的水化学因子是氨氮和总磷含量。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.