付疃河流域中下游大型底栖动物群落结构与水质生物学评价

2018年12月-2019年10月对山东省日照市付疃河流域中下游大型底栖动物及相应水环境因子进行分季节的监测,并对底栖动物群落组成、多样性特征及与水质因子的相关性进行分析。结果表明,调查共采集底栖动物42种（环节动物14种、节肢动物20种、软体动物8种）,广泛分布物种为霍甫水丝蚓（Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri）、水丝蚓属（Limnodrilus sp.）及摇蚊属（Chironomus sp.）;底栖动物总密度呈春季 > 冬季 > 秋季 > 夏季;CCA （Canonical Correspondence Analysis）分析表明环节动物与COD、TP有显著正相关性,各门类与NH₃-N相关性差异较大;底栖动物多样性分布特征与河流水源结构有关。采用生物多样性指标、指示物种水质生物学指标进行水质评价,Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数评级偏差,Pielou指数评级偏优,而指示物种水质生物学评价（Goodnight-Whitley指数、相对重要性指数及Wright指数）基本一致,整体平均处于中污染,评价过程仍须考虑河流及物种客观属性特征,得到更具适用性的评价管理方法。     

洞庭源底栖动物种类分布及水质生物学评价

１９９５年枯水、平水、丰水期对洞庭湖设６个断面进行采样,共采到底栖动物５８种;其密度变幅为７８－５５４．５个／ｍ＾２;１０种常见种均成聚集分布。采用综合生物污染指数评价水体质量,结果显示洞庭湖整体水质受到轻度污染,评价结果与化学污染指数评价结果一致;各采样断面综合生物污染指数均明显大于１９８１－１９８２年的测量结果,表明水体质量变差。     

洞庭湖底栖动物种类分布及水质生物学评价

1 995年枯水、平水、丰水期对洞庭湖设 6个断面进行采样 ,共采到底栖动物 58种 ;其密度变幅为 78～ 544 .5个 /m2 ;1 0种常见种均成聚集分布。采用综合生物污染指数评价水体质量 ,结果显示洞庭湖整体水质受到轻度污染 ,评价结果与化学污染指数评价结果一致 ;各采样断面综合生物污染指数均明显大于 1 981～ 1 982年的测量结果 ,表明水体质量变差     

基于大型底栖动物群落的上海市河道水质生物学评价

2011年夏秋季,在上海市全境83个河道断面开展了河道底栖动物采样,共获取底栖动物20个分类单位（种）。9个极严重污染断面未采集到活体生物,生境基本丧失。其余74个有活体生物断面,采用三种常用生物指数：Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Hilsenhoff耐污指数、Goodnight修正指数分别进行计算及评价。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数判别为25个严重污染和49个重污染断面;Hilsenhoff耐污指数划分38个重污染、5个中污染和31个轻污染断面;Goodnight修正指数划分33个重污染、2个中污染和39个轻污染断面。与典型河道断面的水质理化指标监测值进行对照,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数对河道水质评价的准确度较低,Hilsenhoff生物指数和Goodnight修正指数的水质评价效率及准确度均较高,断面污染等级与水质理化指标基本对应。     

南四湖大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价

2010年4—12月对南四湖大型底栖动物群落进行了季度调查,分析了底栖动物群落的时空动态,并进行了水质评价。调查期间共采集到底栖动物36种,其中寡毛类5种,软体动物10种,水生昆虫15种,其他动物6种。底栖动物的优势种为霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、梨形环棱螺(Bellamya purificata)、长角涵螺(Alocinma longicornis)和红裸须摇蚊(Propsilocerusi akamusi),四者密度之和占总密度的88.1%。大型底栖动物的密度和生物量分别为1119 ind·m-2和83.23 g·m-2。底栖动物的种类数、优势种和现存量均呈现出明显的季节变化,空间分布差异亦较大。采用Shannon多样性指数、Margalef多样性指数和Hilsenhoff生物指数对南四湖的水质进行了综合评价,结果表明,南四湖总体上处于中污染状态,从季节上来看,春季和冬季的水质略好于夏季和秋季;从各湖区来看,南阳湖和昭阳湖处于重污染状态,独山湖处于中-重污染状态,微山湖处于中污染状态。     

淮北煤矿区塌陷湖大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价

2013年对淮北采煤塌陷湖(乾隆湖和临涣湖)大型底栖动物群落结构进行了季节性调查。共采集到大型底栖动物26种, 隶属于3门5纲17科. 乾隆湖和临涣湖年平均密度分别为230.85和215.80 ind./m2, 年平均生物量分别为56.11和36.38 g/m2。两湖大型底栖动物以摇蚊幼虫、霍甫水丝蚓和苏氏尾鳃蚓为优势类群, 底栖动物最高密度均出现在夏季(乾隆湖为 278.0 ind./m2, 临涣湖为288.2 ind./m2); 生物量则主要以软体动物和水生昆虫为主, 夏季和秋季大型底栖动物生物量明显高于春季和冬季。运用Shannon多样性指数(H')、Margalef多样性指数(D)和Biotic Index生物学指数(BI)对乾隆湖和临涣湖进行水质生物评价研究, 结果显示Shannon多样性指数不适宜于该两湖的水质生物评价, BI的评价结果与水质状况基本相符。综合 Margalef多样性指数和BI生物指数评价的结果表明: 乾隆湖和临涣湖春季和冬季处于轻度污染状态, 夏季和秋季处于中度污染状态。     

松花江干流大型底栖动物群落结构与水质生物评价

于2010年春季（4-5月）、夏季（7-8月）和秋季（9-11月）,对松花江干流大型底栖动物群落结构进行调查研究,并利用生物指数对松花江干流水质进行评价.共采集到大型底栖动物16目36科116种,其中水生昆虫种类最多,为74种,属6目21科,占总数63.8%,年平均密度为66.80 ind·m^-2、生物量为24.30 g·m^-2.春、夏、秋季的平均密度以春季最高 (90.52 ind·m^-2),秋季(61.26 ind·m^-2)次之,夏季(48.63 ind·m^-2)最低;平均生物量以秋季最高(35.35 g·m^-2),夏季(23.12 g·m^-2)次之,春季(14.41 g·m^-2)最低.Shannon指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson指数均以春季最高,夏季与秋季相近.各断面微生境共有种不多, 物种相似性不高,最大仅为60%;功能摄食群种类数相近,共有撕食者26种,收集者32种,刮食者28种,捕食者30种.采用BI生物指数和FBI生物指数对松花江干流水质的评价结果基本一致,并与化学监测结果基本吻合.松花江干流哈尔滨断面以上水质一般,哈尔滨以下断面水质在不同时期处于污染或严重污染状态.推测大顶子山航电枢纽的修建已对大型底栖动物的物种组成、群落结构造成了较大影响.     

武汉东湖水网区底栖动物群落特征及其水质的生物学评价

2008年4-9月间三次对武汉东湖水网区15个水体的底栖动物进行调查,共采集到大型底栖动物50种,隶属于16科41属,其中严东湖底栖动物种数最多,有28种;北湖、青潭湖和杨春湖仅2-3种,其他水体介于以上两者之间。定量分析表明,在超富营养及富营养湖泊中,优势类群均为寡毛类和水生昆虫摇蚊科种类,只是所占比例有所差异;中营养湖泊严东湖,密度上水生昆虫占优势,为总量的59.1%,生物量上软体动物占优势,为总量的96.4%;青山港中,密度上寡毛类占优势,为总量的63.6%,生物量上软体动物占绝对优势,为总量的99.1%。采用Shannon-Weaver多样性指数(H)、Goodnight-Whitley指数(GI)及Biotic Index生物指数(BI)对东湖水网区水体及武汉周边的南北咀、肖四海的水质进行评价,结果显示BI的评价结果与湖泊现实情况基本相符,推荐Biotic Index生物指数作为东湖水网区底栖动物生物评价的指标。     

淮河流域板桥水库大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价

为了解板桥水库大型底栖动物群落结构动态特征并对其水质进行生物学评价,在该水库设置15个采样点,于2014年1—11月按季节进行调查.结果表明: 在板桥水库采集到大型底栖动物17种,隶属于3门4纲5科,其中摇蚊幼虫8种、寡毛类4种、软体动物5种.铜锈环棱螺、河蚬、苏氏尾鳃蚓、粗腹摇蚊和雕翅摇蚊为现阶段板桥水库的重要物种.大型底栖动物密度、生物量和多样性指数存在空间和时间差异性.ANOSIM分析显示,大型底栖动物群落结构在不同区域和季节间均存在显著差异,其主要贡献物种为雕翅摇蚊、粗腹摇蚊和苏氏尾鳃蚓.经丰度 生物量比较曲线(ABC曲线)分析,板桥水库大型底栖动物群落稳定,结合物种多样性指数、生物学污染指数(BPI)和Hilsenhoff生物指数(BI)评价结果,板桥水库的水质处于轻度污染水平.     

天津于桥水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价

于2010年5月-2011年5月按季度对于桥水库大型底栖动物进行了采样调查.结果表明:于桥水库底栖动物有51种,其中水生昆虫23种,占总数的45.1％;软体动物15种,占29.4％;寡毛类12种,占23.5％;其他类1种,占2.0％,优势种类为侧叶雕翅摇蚊(Glyptotendipes lobiferus)、中华圆田螺(Cipangopaludina cathayensis)、霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、克拉泊水丝蚓(L.claparedeianus);底栖动物年均密度为159.58 ind·m-2,年均生物量为3.31 g·m-2;各季度底栖动物密度表现为春季＞冬季＞秋季＞夏季,生物量表现为冬季＞夏季＞春季＞秋季.利用Goodnight修正指数(GBI)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Margalef丰富度指数(d)、生物学污染指数(BPI)、科级生物指数(FBI)和综合生物污染指数(BI)对于桥水库的水质进行综合评价,结果显示,于桥水库水质整体处于轻-中污型(Ⅱ-Ⅲ),相比1999-2000年(Ⅲ)于桥水库水质污染状况有所好转.     

The M-NIP: a macrophyte-based Nutrient Index for Ponds

In Swiss ponds, eutrophication represents one of the major threats to biodiversity. A biological method to assess the trophic state would, therefore, be particularly useful for monitoring purposes. Macrophytes have already been successfully used to evaluate the trophic state of rivers and lakes. Considering their colonizing abilities and their roles in pond ecosystem structure and function, macrophytes should be included in any assessment methods as required by the European Water Framework Directive. Vegetation survey and water quality data for 114 permanent ponds throughout Switzerland were analysed to define indicator values for 113 species including 47 with well-defined ecological response to total water phosphorus (TP). Using indicator values and species cover, a Macrophyte Nutrient Index for Ponds (M-NIP) was calculated for each site and assessed with both the original pond data set and a limited validation data set. The resulting index performed better when considering only species with narrow responses to TP gradient and was more applicable, but less accurate when including all species. Despite these limitations, the M-NIP is a valuable and easy tool to assess and monitor the nutrient status of Swiss ponds and was shown to be robust and relatively sensitive to slight changes in phosphorus loading with a validation subset. Guest editors: B. Oertli, R. Cereghino, A. Hull & R. Miracle Pond Conservation: From Science to Practice. 3rd Conference of the European Pond Conservation Network, Valencia, Spain, 14–16 May 2008     

Insights into discriminating water quality status using new biodiversity measures based on a trait hierarchy of body-size units

Biofilm-dwelling protozoa have successfully used as a feasible bioindicator for bioassessment of water quality status in marine ecosystems. Based on a dataset of biofilm-dwelling protozoa in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, we demonstrated a spatial variation in body-size spectrum of protozoan communities along a gradient of increasing environmental pollution. Two biodiversity indices, as a new indicator of water quality, were proposed, first being body-size diversity (Δ′) logistically corresponded to taxonomic diversity index but with a trait hierarchy of body-size units based on Euclidean distance resemblance, and the second a modified body-size diversity index (Δ′_m) with a modified hierarchy based on the trait matrix. The values of both indices Δ′ and Δ′_m were found to be significantly correlated with the changes of environmental variables, especially the nutrients. Furthermore, the body-size diversity (Δ′_mrk) at body-size-rank-1 (“genus-level”) resolution might be used as a potential surrogate of those at “species-level” resolution. Thus, we suggest that the ecological parameters based on body-size spectrum may be used as potential bioindicator of water quality status, and that the body-size rank sufficiency might be an effective time-efficient protocol for monitoring programs by identifying taxa to “genus-level” body-size rank.     

Can annual cyclicity of protozoan communities reflect water quality status in coastal ecosystems?

With many advantages, many ecological parameters of protozoan communities have been successfully used as a useful bioindicator for bioassessment of water quality in Chinese marine waters. However, as regard the response of the annual cyclicity of protozoan communities to seasonal environmental stress, a further investigation was needed. In this study, the cyclicity of annual variations in community patterns of biofilm-dwelling protozoa was studied based on an annual dataset. Samples were monthly collected, using glass slide method, at four stations, within a pollution gradient, in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China during a 1-year period. The cyclicity patterns of the microbiota represented a significant spatial variation among four stations. The low value of cyclicity coefficients occurred in heavily polluted area, while the high values were in less stressed areas. Correlation analysis showed that the cyclicity measure was significantly related to environmental variables ammonia, transparency and dissolved oxygen. Thus, it is suggested that the annual cyclicity of protozoan communities may be used as a potential bioindicator of bioassessment in marine ecosystems.     

基于底栖生物完整性指数的赣江流域河流健康评价

底栖生物完整性指数(B-IBI)是最为广泛应用的水生态系统健康评价指数之一。根据2009-2010年期间赣江流域60个采样点的底栖动物数据(15个参照点, 45个受损点), 对17个生物参数进行分布范围、判别能力和Pearson相关性分析, 确定了B-IBI指数体系由总分类单元数、甲壳和软体动物分类单元数、甲壳和软体动物%和BI指数构成。采用比值法统一各生物参数量纲, 将各个生物参数分值加和得到B-IBI指数值。根据参照点的B-IBI值的25%分位数值最终确定赣江流域河流健康评价标准。评价结果表明, 赣江流域60个采样点中19个为健康, 19个为亚健康, 14个为一般, 8个较差。综合来看, 赣江流域河流处于健康-亚健康状态: 上游各支流中绵水、贡江、上犹江和桃江为健康状态, 章水、濂水、梅江和平江为较差状态; 中游各支流健康评价结果多为健康-亚健康状态, 而乌江为较差状态; 下游各支流为健康-亚健康状态; 赣江干流上健康评价的结果均为健康。     

A multi-agency comparison of aquatic macroinvertebrate-based stream bioassessment methodologies

Sharing ecological data can increase the amount of information available to state and federal agencies to manage water resources. Because state agencies in the US use different methods to assess biological water quality, the quality and comparability of data must be understood before data can be shared. The documentation of data quality objectives and performance characteristics has been recommended as a way to compare biological data collected using different methods. To address this issue, five state agencies conducted a pilot study on methods comparability and performance characteristics of their methods and assessments (i.e. precision and sensitivity) at two streams located in the coastal plain of the southeastern US. Taxa richness and North Carolina Biotic Index (NCBI) results were not directly comparable among agencies using different sample processing, collection, and analysis methods, although these results often produced similar site rankings. Comparison of performance characteristics across methods suggested that assessment information could be shared among some agencies despite differences in methods and metric results.