细基格孢属一新种和两个中国新记录种

A new species and two new Chinese records in the genus Ulocladium from soil are reported. New species is Ulocladium leve, and the new records are U. alternariae and U. consortiale. Latin diagnosis of the new species is presented. Holotype specimen (dried culture) of the new species and dried cultures of two new records are deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University: Plant Pathology (HSAUP).     

A new type of collapsible insect-surveillance light trap for sampling Diptera

The newly designed Army Collapsible Insect Surveillance trap for nocturnal collection of flying Diptera that are attracted by light is described. A polyvinyl chloride construction increases durability, while the capability to collapse from a height of 92.1 cm to 24.1 cm facilitates transportation and storage.     

中国单胞锈菌属若干种的订正

对我国5种单胞锈菌的名称作了订正。有4种是我国的新记录,即异形单胞锈菌Uromycesaberrans,假木贼单胞锈菌U.anabasis,异芒菊单胞锈菌U.blainvilleae和盐角草单胞锈菌U.salicorniae。基于无性型标本描述的芽单胞锈菌Uromycesgemmatus被改订为巴西单胞锈菌Uromycesbrasiliensis。     

Grimmia serrana (Bryopsida,Grimmiaceae), a new species from California,U.S.A.

Abstract

Grimmia serrana, a new endemic species for California, is described and illustrated. The new species is readily distinguished by the presence of multi-stratose marginal bands that are rounded in cross-section. The leaf morphology displayed by Grimmia serrana is unique within the genus. The distribution of Grimmia serrana is along the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada and in the northern Coast Range.     

榆属（榆科）一新种——绵竹榆

绵竹榆的花秋季开放,翅果柱头面被毛,其两侧的翅较果核为窄,果核位于翅果上端接近缺口处,与榔榆(Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.)相似,但树皮深灰色,不规则鳞块状浅裂,叶片先端渐尖,花被片裂至基部,宿存,边缘上部生纤毛,翅果狭椭圆形,中部最宽,向两端渐变窄,果梗与花被等长,长约2 mm,果序梗长约1 mm,而明显不同。     

不孕不育患者解脲脲原体菌株血清型别的检测

本文以解脲脲原体标准菌株１－１４型免疫家获得ＵＵ１－１４型抗血清。用ＩＤＴ法对４８株自不孕不育患者分离的地方株作分型试验。结果在１．２．４．５．６．７．８和１２血八个清型中出现强阳性反应,其中４型最多。另有４株混合型。对四种血清型无反应。     

Developmental profiles in tick water balance with a focus on the new Rocky Mountain spotted fever vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Recent reports indicate that the common brown dog tick, or kennel tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) (Acari: Ixodidae) is a competent vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the U.S.A. This tick is of concern to public health because of its high frequency of contact, as it has a unique ability to thrive within human homes. To assess the moisture requirements necessary for survival, water balance characteristics were determined for each developmental stage, from egg to adult. This is the first time that water relations in ticks have been assessed throughout the complete lifecycle. Notably, R. sanguineus is differentially adapted for life in a dry environment, as characterized by a suppressed water loss rate distinctive for each stage that distinguishes it from other ticks. Analysis of its dehydration tolerance limit and percentage body water content provides no evidence to suggest that the various stages of this tick can function more effectively containing less water, indicating that this species is modified for water conservation, not desiccation hardiness. All stages, eggs excepted, absorb water vapour from the air and can drink free water to replenish water stores. Developmentally, a shift in water balance strategies occurs in the transition from the larva, where the emphasis is on water gain (water vapour absorption from drier air), to the adult, where the emphasis is on water retention (low water loss rate). These results on the xerophilic-nature of R. sanguineus identify overhydration as the primary water stress, indicating that this tick is less dependent upon a moisture-rich habitat for survival, which matches its preference for a dry environment. We suggest that the controlled, host-confined conditions of homes and kennels have played a key role in promoting the ubiquitous distribution of R. sanguineus by creating isolated arid environments that enable this tick to establish within regions that are unfavourable for maintaining water balance.     

美国的生物技术产业政策

美国作为现代生物技术的发祥地,其生物技术产业领先于世界其他国家.研究、总结美国在科技管理、资金支持、产业化、税收优惠、人力资源和产业集群六个方面促进生物技术产业发展的政策和措施,希望为我国制定促进生物技术产业发展的产业政策以借鉴和指导.     

Heider's "Anthropological Models of Incest Laws in the United States": A Comment

In his analysis of U.S. legal prohibitions of marriage with relatives, Heider rejects the Old Testament model as an explanation of the configuration of current state laws. Although Heider's statement is generally accurate, the statutes seem to express two basic models, an attenuated Biblical and a Western American pattern. These patterns are the inverse of each other with regard to prohibition of first-cousin marriage and marriage between affines. Historical review of statutes reveals a trend from Biblical to Western American patterns. The historical perspective suggests that confounding the two models may have weakened Heider's analysis.     

解脲脲原体感染和不孕不育关系的研究

本文报道原因不明的不孕不育夫妇(甲组)2181例,解脲脲原体培养阳性1203例,阳性率55.16％。其中男性阳性率55.48％;女性为54.92％。正常生育夫妇(乙组)366例,阳性107例,阳性率为29.03％,其中男性18.93％,女性35.04％。两组比较,无论总阳性率,还是单独男性或女性,甲组均显著高于乙组(p<0.005)。经以强力霉素为主治疗后,转阴率达83.87％,其中妊娠390人,占38.65％。作者认为解脲脲原体感染和部分原因不明不孕不育是相关的。     

Beclobrinic acid--a new hypolipidemic agent--inhibits in vitro human platelet activation by blocking prostaglandin synthesis

Effects and the mechanism of the antiplatelet actions of beclobrinic acid, free acid form of a new hypolipidemic agent beclobrate [(+)-2-[d-(P-chlorophenyl)p-tolyl)oxy)-2-methyl-butyrate), were examined using human platelets. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) which has been prelabeled with (14C)-serotonin was incubated with beclobrinic acid (BBA) for one minute before the addition of various agonists. BBA (0.1-1.5 mM) inhibited platelet aggregation and serotonin secretion induced by ADP, epinephrine, arachidonic acid and collagen in a concentration dependent manner. BBA also inhibited arachidonic acid-induced production of malondialdehyde (MDA), a byproduct of prostaglandins, in a concentration dependent manner. However, up to 1.0 mM BBA did not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by U46619, a stable analog of prostaglandin H2. In other experiments BBA also blocked thrombin-induced release of (3H)-arachidonic acid from platelet phospholipids. These findings suggest that: (a) BBA inhibits platelet aggregation and serotonin secretion by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis at two steps. First by interfering in the release of arachidonic acid from platelet phospholipids and second by inhibiting its conversion into prostaglandins; and (b) BBA does not inhibit the action of prostaglandins on human platelets.     

Emergence of Chironomidae from Findley Lake and two ponds in the Cascade Mountains,U.S.A.

From Findley Lake and two ponds in the Cascade Mountains (U.S.A.) Chironomidae started to emerge as soon as the ice thawed in 1972 and 1973. The 1051 Chironomidae that emerged per m² from Findley Lake included 307 individuals ofTanytarsus and 358 ofProcladius. Tanytarsus outnumberedChironomus at all depths from 0 to 19.3 m. The 1506 Chironomidae that emerged per m² from the 4.5 m deep pond included 997 individuals ofTanytarsus. The 1490 Chironomidae that emerged per m² from the 2 m deep pond included 1363 Tanytarsus. The emerging biomass was 216 and 186 mg dry weight per m² in Findley Lake and the 4.5 m deep pond, respectively, and only 78 mg in the 2 m deep pond. Most species had their maximum emergence where there was organic detritus from the surrounding forest.Orthocladius emerged from sand bottom at 2.7 to 5.2 m depth.Stictochironomus emerged from mud and sand at 8.4 m depth.Chironomus emerged from soft mud at 15 to 27.5 m depth.     

Characterization of microsatellite loci in Ulmus minor Miller and cross‐amplification in U. glabra Hudson and U. laevis Pall.

We developed five microsatellites from Ulmus minor using an AFLP protocol followed by an enrichment step, with biotinylated primers containing tandem repeats. Loci were characterized using a total of 30 elms from six Spanish populations. Three microsatellites were also transferred to U. laevis and U. glabra.     

Aphidicolin does not inhibit the repair synthesis of mitotic chromosomes

In order to determine the possible role of α-polymerase in repair synthesis, we measured the unscheduled DNA synthesis stimulated by UV-irradiation in mitotic HeLa cells in the presence of Aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of this enzyme. The results do not show any inhibition of the unscheduled DNA synthesis,indicating that the function of α-polymerase is not essential for repair synthesis of mitotic cells.     

Ultraviolet-irradiation induced and spontaneous mutation of Rhizobium trifolii 11B in relation to water-soluble and water-insoluble polysaccharide production ability

Rhizobium trifolii 11B was u.v. irradiated and nine u.v. mutants have been isolated. Among the mutants, only one, R. trifolii 21M11B, produced more (752 mg/100 ml) water-soluble polysaccharide than the parent (704 mg/100 ml). The composition of water-soluble polysaccharide from u.v. mutants differed from that of the parent, R. trifolii 11B, and none of its u.v. mutants produced water-insoluble polysaccharide as detected by the Aniline Blue method. Storage of u.v. mutants for 2 months at 5°C gave four spontaneous variants which acquired the ability to produce water-insoluble polysaccharide. The spontaneous mutants also retained their water-soluble polysaccharide producing ability. The water-soluble polysaccharide produced by these mutants was characterized as curdlan type. The chemistry of water-soluble and water-insoluble polysaccharides was also ascertained.     

The longer you stay, the bigger you get: length of time and language use in the U.S. are associated with obesity in Puerto Rican women

This cross-sectional study examined whether length of time in the U.S., language use, and birthplace (proxy measures of acculturation) were associated with body mass index (BMI) and obesity in a sample of 174 low-income Puerto Rican women from Hartford, Connecticut. The mean BMI for the total sample (N = 174) was 27.39 (S.D. = 5.07), and nearly 34% of the sample was considered obese (BMI > or = 30). There was a statistically significant increase in BMI with length of time in the U.S. (P = 0.012) and these differences were even greater among women born in Puerto Rico (P = 0.003). Moreover, obesity prevalence was highest among women who had been in the U.S. for 10 years or more (40%), as compared to those who had been in the U.S. less than 1 year (29%; P = 0.045). There were no statistically significant associations between language and BMI for the total sample. However, among bilingual speakers born in Puerto Rico, there were significant differences in BMI according to their level of English fluency. Those who spoke fluent or very good English had a significantly higher BMI (mean = 29.72; SD = 4.12) than women whose English was good to not-so-good (mean = 26.8; SD = 5.24; P = 0.016). The findings from this study point to the need for more research on the acculturation process and obesity, in order to design culturally tailored obesity prevention programs.     

A new theory on the origin and the nature of viruses

The hypothetical model presented herein concerns the origin and nature of viruses. It advances the possibility of the appearance and existence of an organism lacking a cohesive morphological structure, that is: its subsystems are not in structural continuity. An attempt to delimit the concepts of life and organism and to integrate the viruses into this framework is made. Viruses are presented as organisms which pass in their ontogenetic cycle through two distinctive phenotypic phases: (1) the vegetative phase and (2) the phase of viral particle or nucleic acid. In the vegetative phase, considered herein to be the ontogenetically mature phase of viruses, their component molecules are dispersed within the host cell. In this phase the virus shows the major physiological properties of other organisms: metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Therefore, life is an effective presence. It is shown also, that in this phase so called "DNA viruses" have both nucleic acids: RNA as well as DNA. The virions are considered to be "spores" or reproductive forms of the virus, possessing life only as a potential property.     

Ribonucleoprotein multimers and their functions

Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) play key roles in many cellular processes and often function as RNP enzymes. Similar to proteins, some of these RNPs exist and function as multimers, either momomeric or heteromeric. While in some cases the mechanistic function of multimerization is well understood, the functional consequences of multimerization of other RNPs remain enigmatic. In this review we will discuss the function and organization of small RNPs that exist as stable multimers, including RNPs catalyzing RNA chemical modifications, telomerase RNP, and RNPs involved in pre-mRNA splicing.