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崔俊 《国外医学:分子生物学分册》2001,23(2):80-82
组蛋白乙酰化和DNA甲基化调控基因表达的两种主要方式,目前认为组蛋白乙酰化和DNA低甲基化可促进基因表达,而组蛋白去乙酰化和DNA高甲基化可抑制基因表达,组蛋白乙酰化和DNA甲基化这两种分子机制相互协调,实现基因表达的精细调控。 相似文献
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组蛋白甲基化与乙酰化作为共价修饰的两种不同方式,参与许多生物学过程,并在基因表达调控中有重要作用.探讨组蛋白甲基化、乙酰化以及二者之间的关系,对认识疾病相关基因功能有重要意义,并可进一步了解基因转录的表观遗传学调控机制. 相似文献
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真核生物核小体组蛋白修饰引起染色质重塑(Chromatin remodeling)是表观遗传的重要调控机制.乙酰化修饰(Acetylation modification)是其中一种重要的方式.组蛋白乙酰化修饰位点集中在各种组蛋白N末端赖氨酸残基上.细胞内存在功能拮抗的多种乙酰基转移酶和去乙酰化酶,二者相互竞争,共同调节组蛋白的乙酰化状态,通过影响核小体结构的致密性,并在多种效应分子的参与下,实现对基因的表达调控.以真核模式生物酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)为对象,综述乙酰基转移酶和去乙酰化酶的种类、作用特点以及其基因调控的分子机制等方面的最新研究进展. 相似文献
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组蛋白脱乙酰化研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
组蛋白脱乙酰化研究进展陈坚傅继梁(第二军医大学医学分子遗传学开放实验室,上海200433)关键词组蛋白脱乙酰化转录调控在真核细胞中,基因是与染色体蛋白,尤其是与组蛋白结合在一起的。因此,基因表达的中心问题之一是RNA聚合酶和其他转录因子如何接近紧密包... 相似文献
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卵泡的正常发育涉及有序的基因转录激活和抑制等一系列复杂的生命过程,对雌性获得生殖能力至关重要.组蛋白甲基化修饰可以改变细胞内染色质的状态,影响基因的转录活性.现阶段的研究表明,组蛋白甲基化等表观遗传学修饰在雌性哺乳动物卵泡发育的过程中发挥了重要的调控作用.本文总结了组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化(H3K4及H3K9)等甲基化修饰与... 相似文献
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Trichostatin A(TSA)是一种特异的组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂。研究显示,TSA可以特异地抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶活性,提高细胞的组蛋白乙酰化水平,激活基因的表达。但是,目前还不是很清楚TSA处理是否对组蛋白甲基化产生影响。本研究以成纤维细胞为研究对象,利用免疫细胞化学技术及激光共聚焦显微镜,探讨了TSA处理体细胞对其组蛋白乙酰化及甲基化修饰的影响。结果显示,随TSA浓度增加,体细胞形态发生明显的改变,细胞变得扁平且核区较大,处理后组蛋白H4K8位点的乙酰化水平随着TSA浓度的增加明显提高。检测组蛋白H3上两个甲基化位点发现,随组蛋白乙酰化水平的增加,H3K4位点的三甲基化(H3K4me3)水平也显著提高。但是,对于H3K9的二甲基化水平(H3K9me2)则没有明显变化。以上结果显示,TSA的处理不仅可以提高体细胞的组蛋白乙酰化水平,同时也增加了与基因表达激活相关组蛋白修饰位点的甲基化水平,但是对于与沉默基因相关的组蛋白修饰位点则没有明显的影响。 相似文献
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组蛋白甲基化是表观遗传修饰方式中的一种,参与异染色质形成、基因印记、X染色体失活和基因转录调控.组蛋白甲基化过程的异常参与多种肿瘤的发生.既往认为组蛋白甲基化是稳定的表观遗传标记,而组蛋白去甲基化酶的发现对这一观点提出了挑战,也为进一步深入研究组蛋白修饰提供新的途径. 相似文献
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Regulated hyperacetylation of core histones during mouse spermatogenesis: involvement of histone deacetylases 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Hazzouri M Pivot-Pajot C Faure AK Usson Y Pelletier R Sèle B Khochbin S Rousseaux S 《European journal of cell biology》2000,79(12):950-960
Here we report a detailed analysis of waves of histone acetylation that occurs throughout spermatogenesis in mouse. Our data showed that spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes contained acetylated core histones H2A, H2B and H4, whereas no acetylated histones were observed throughout meiosis in leptotene or pachytene spermatocytes. Histones remained unacetylated in most round spermatids. Acetylated forms of H2A and H2B, H3 and H4 reappeared in step 9 to 11 elongating spermatids, and disappeared later in condensing spermatids. The spatial distribution pattern of acetylated H4 within the spermatids nuclei, analyzed in 3D by immunofluorescence combined with confocal microscopy, showed a spatial sequence of events tightly associated with chromatin condensation. In order to gain an insight into mechanisms controlling histone hyperacetylation during spermiogenesis, we treated spermatogenic cells with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), which showed a spectacular increase of histone acetylation in round spermatids. This observation suggests that deacetylases are responsible for maintaining a deacetylated state of histones in these cells. TSA treatment could not induce histone acetylation in condensing spermatids, suggesting that acetylated core histones are replaced by transition proteins without being previously deacetylated. Moreover, our data showed a dramatic decrease in histone deacetylases in condensing spermatids. Therefore, the regulation of histone deacetylase activity/concentration appears to play a major role in controling histone hyperacetylation and probably histone replacement during spermiogenesis. 相似文献
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发育是由基因的特定时空表达模式来调控的,其表观遗传机制已越来越受到关注。组蛋白精氨酸甲基化是一种重要的翻译后修饰,由蛋白质精氨酸甲基化酶催化产生,对染色体的结构与功能具有重要调控作用。不同位点的精氨酸甲基化与其相邻位点的翻译后修饰具有复杂的对话机制,并可招募或阻碍相关效应分子的结合,进而导致转录激活或抑制。斑马鱼作为一种重要的发育生物学研究模式动物,已为蛋白质精氨酸甲基化酶在早期发育过程中的生理功能的研究提供了大量资料。该文对组蛋白精氨酸甲基化的产生、对话调控机制及其对斑马鱼早期发育调控功能的研究进行综述。 相似文献
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Changes in histone acetylation during mouse oocyte meiosis 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
We examined global changes in the acetylation of histones in mouse oocytes during meiosis. Immunocytochemistry with specific antibodies against various acetylated lysine residues on histones H3 and H4 showed that acetylation of all the lysines decreased to undetectable or negligible levels in the oocytes during meiosis, whereas most of these lysines were acetylated during mitosis in preimplantation embryos and somatic cells. When the somatic cell nuclei were transferred into enucleated oocytes, the acetylation of lysines decreased markedly. This type of deacetylation was inhibited by trichostatin A, a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), thereby indicating that HDAC is able to deacetylate histones during meiosis but not during mitosis. Meiosis-specific deacetylation may be a consequence of the accessibility of HDAC1 to the chromosome, because HDAC1 colocalized with the chromosome during meiosis but not during mitosis. As histone acetylation is thought to play a role in propagating the gene expression pattern to the descendent generation during mitosis, and the gene expression pattern of differentiated oocytes is reprogrammed during meiosis to allow the initiation of a new program by totipotent zygotes of the next generation, our results suggest that the oocyte cytoplasm initializes a program of gene expression by deacetylating histones. 相似文献
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本研究探讨了共培养对小鼠囊胚质量及其表观遗传修饰的影响。将小鼠的受精卵体外随机分别置于含颗粒细胞(试验组I)、输卵管上皮细胞(试验组Ⅱ)、输卵管组织块(试验组Ⅲ)的KSOM培养液中作为试验组进行共培养,同时设立对照组A(体外培养,仅含KSOM)和对照组B(体内培养)。比较各组受精卵的卵裂率和囊胚发育率;并应用碘化丙啶和Hoechest333258对囊胚进行染色,利用ICM/TE值评价各组胚胎体外发育的质量;同时将囊胚进行免疫荧光染色,观察其基因组甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化的水平。结果表明,与对照组A相比,试验组的卵裂率和囊胚发育率均有显著提高(P<0.05);同时其囊胚细胞数目及内细胞团细胞数与滋养层细胞数比值(ICM/TE)值均显著高于对照组A(P<0.05);各试验组囊胚基因组甲基化水平与对照组A差异不显著(P>0.05),但各体外培养组均与对照组B差异显著(P<0.05);试验组组蛋白乙酰化水平与对照组A、B差异均不显著(P>0.05)。共培养能够有效促进小鼠胚胎的体外发育,提高囊胚的发育质量,但是仍不能克服由体外培养造成的基因组甲基化异常。 相似文献