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1型多发性内分泌瘤综合征(multiple endocrine neoplasia type1,MEN1)是一种主要以累及甲状旁腺、胰岛细胞和垂体的家族性常染色体显性遗传性肿瘤疾病,其致病基因是Men1的基因突变。目前在MEN1患者中发现了大量Men1基因突变位点,其中9个位点突变频率较高,占据所有胚系细胞突变的20%,同时,MEN1患者中还存在Men1基因大片段的外显子缺失,具有外显率高和临床表现多样化的特点,与1型多发性内分泌瘤以及零散型内分泌肿瘤都可能相关。因此,在部分疑似MEN1患者中开展Men1基因变异分析可辅助确诊,在Men1基因突变携带者及其家属中开展Men1变异筛选将有助于对MEN1发生做好提前预防和治疗。  相似文献   

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目的 分析1例多发性内分泌腺瘤病1型(MEN1)患者的临床特征和基因型,以期提高临床医生对本病的认识与诊断的准确性。方法 分析患者病史、临床表现、实验室检查及影像学资料,并对MEN1基因进行扩增与测序。结果 发现1例临床症状符合典型的多发性内分泌腺瘤病1型患者,基因测序鉴定本例患者的MEN1基因第9号外显子内存在同义突变,为c.1818位T → C(rs540012),第10号外显子存在两处复合杂合性突变,分别是c.2098位C → T(R527X,rs104894261),造成第527位氨基酸精氨酸(CGA)突变为终止密码子TGA;和c.2140位G → A(A541T,rs2959656),造成第541位丙氨酸(GCA)突变为苏氨酸(ACA)。结论 本例患者表现了典型的多发性内分泌腺瘤病1型的临床症状与体征,遗传学分析进一步验证了患者携带MEN1基因的致病突变,提示根据临床表现结合基因学确诊本病的可靠性。  相似文献   

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The case of a 25-year-old medical student with bilateral pheochromocytoma is described. Following diagnostic testing, tumors were surgically removed. Genetic analysis revealed that the patient is a heterozygote with the following mutations on opposite homologs: G691S (exon 11) and S904S (TCC-TCG, exon 15), suggesting the diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN2A). A diagnosis of MEN2 would be an indication of thyroidectomy in this patient. Although this mutation is described in the literature, it has no known connection to pheochromocytomas. Therefore, it is unknown whether there is a causal connection between the G691S genotype and the pheochromocytomas in this patient. If so, G691S is to be added to the list of genotypes causing MEN2A. Here, the procedure of sequencing the RET protooncogene is described and a possible association between the G691S genotype and MEN2A is discussed.  相似文献   

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  总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and related molecules, neurturin, artemin and persephin, signal through a unique multicomponent receptor system consisting of RET tyrosine kinase and glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored coreceptor (GFR1–4). These neurotrophic factors promote the survival of various neurons including peripheral autonomic and sensory neurons as well as central motor and dopamine neurons, and have been expected as therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, it turned out that the GDNF/RET signaling plays a crucial role in renal development and regulation of spermatogonia differentiation. RET mutations cause several human diseases such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2A and 2B, and Hirschsprung's disease. The mutations resulted in RET activation or inactivation by various mechanisms and the biological properties of mutant proteins appeared to be correlated with disease phenotypes. The signaling pathways activated by GDNF or mutant RET are being extensively investigated to understand the molecular mechanisms of disease development and the physiological roles of the GDNF family ligands.  相似文献   

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RET原癌基因是一种重要的癌症驱动基因,与人类多种肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关。RET相关肿瘤的发病机制包括RET基因激活性点突变与RET基因融合突变。近年来,针对致癌性RET基因融合突变开发的精准靶向药物取得了突破性进展。综述了RET原癌基因与肿瘤发生、发展相关性研究及近年来临床诊疗方面的研究进展,旨在为RET基因突变癌症患者的精准化诊疗提供参考,并通过精准高效地抑制RET基因突变,提高疾病缓解率和控制率。  相似文献   

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姜茜  张震  李颀  肖萍  苏琳  李龙 《现代生物医学进展》2015,15(15):2806-2810
目的:明确先天性巨结肠患者携带的5 个基因错义突变对Semaphorin 3(Sema3)蛋白自身稳定性和受体亲合力的影响作用。方法:构建Sema3-Neuropilin-Plexin 配体-受体复合物蛋白质模型,对全部5个错义突变进行定位,通过计算标准能量功能赋值(驻驻G)和复合物界面值(驻I_sc)预测突变对Sema3 的影响作用。将野生型和突变型AP-tagged Sema3 质粒分别转染HEK293T 细胞,72 h后收集含有融合蛋白的细胞培养液上清并与分别表达Neuropilin 1(Nrp-1)或Neuropilin 2(Nrp-2)的COS-7 细胞孵育,洗脱未结合的蛋白后加入碱性磷酸酶底物显色拍片,或提取细胞总蛋白,利用融合蛋白N- 末端含有的碱性磷酸酶在底物PNPP 存在时可以发生颜色变化的特性,对与受体结合的野生型和突变型AP-Sema3 蛋白进行定量。结果:5 个错义突变中的4 个都会不同程度地影响相应Semaphorin 3蛋白与其受体Neuropilin 的结合(与Nrp-1 的结合:SEMA3C S329G,V337M,SEMA3D H424Q,V457I,P615T 分别与野生型相比:1.12± 0.15,0.37± 0.03,0.56± 0.07,0.51± 0.05,0.66± 0.05;与Nrp-2 的结合:SEMA3C S329G,V337M,SEMA3D H424Q,V457I,P615T 分别与野生型相比:1.18 ± 0.09,0.37 ± 0.03,0.76 ± 0.01,0.65 ±0.06,0.85± 0.03,n=3,单因素方差分析,差异有统计学意义),说明它们可能通过严重影响分子通路的信号转导而妨碍蛋白功能的正常行使。结论:先天性巨结肠患者携带的基因错义突变可不同程度影响蛋白与其受体的结合,提示Semaphorin 3这类经典的神经元轴突导向因子在功能失常的情况下可能参与先天性巨结肠的发生。  相似文献   

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《Cell》2022,185(2):250-265.e16
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  相似文献   

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遗传病尤其是单基因遗传病是儿童致畸致残的主要原因之一,给家庭、社会带来沉重的经济、心理负担。目前绝大多数遗传病临床治疗以对症治疗为主,尚缺乏有效的治疗方法。随着生命与医学科学的发展,近年来以靶向致病分子或其相关信号通路、靶分子的外源物质补充、转基因、RNA干扰、基因组编辑等生物学技术为代表的生物学治疗措施开始应用于遗传病的治疗,并取得了一定的疗效。但目前大多数遗传病的生物学治疗仍局限于动物实验研究,今后在继续研发基于致病机制的新治疗策略的同时,将关注如何开展临床试验,为最终安全、有效应用于临床患者奠定基础。  相似文献   

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Ret:一种受体酪氨酸激酶及其基因突变与疾病   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
RET是一个在转化中发生重排的原癌基因,且因此行为而得名.它编码细胞膜受体酪氨酸激酶,初步研究表明它介导的信号转导途径较为独特.RET基因突变与人类4种癌症的发生相关:甲状腺乳头状腺癌存在RET基因与其他基因多种重排;多发性内分泌腺瘤2型,家族遗传甲状腺髓样癌等存在7个位点点突变;先天巨结肠疾病与RET基因缺失相关.因此近年来备受关注.对Ret蛋白的结构功能,RET基因突变对Ret蛋白功能的影响及与人类相关疾病的关系作一综述.  相似文献   

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RNA-Guided Genome Editing in Plants Using a CRISPR-Cas System   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Precise and straightforward methods to edit the plant genome are much needed for functional genomics and crop improvement. Recently, RNA-guided genome editing using bacterial Type II cluster regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated nuclease (Cas) is emerging as an efficient tool for genome editing in microbial and animal systems. Here, we report the genome editing and targeted gene mutation in plants via the CRISPR-Cas9 sys- tem. Three guide RNAs (gRNAs) with a 20-22-nt seed region were designed to pair with distinct rice genomic sites which are followed by the protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM). The engineered gRNAs were shown to direct the Cas9 nuclease for precise cleavage at the desired sites and introduce mutation (insertion or deletion) by error-prone non-homologous end joining DNA repairing. By analyzing the RNA-guided genome-editing events, the mutation efficiency at these target sites was estimated to be 3-8%. In addition, the off-target effect of an engineered gRNA-Cas9 was found on an imper- fectly paired genomic site, but it had lower genome-editing efficiency than the perfectly matched site. Further analysis suggests that mismatch position between gRNA seed and target DNA is an important determinant of the gRNA-Cas9 tar- geting specificity, and specific gRNAs could be designed to target more than 90% of rice genes. Our results demonstrate that the CRISPR-Cas system can be exploited as a powerful tool for gene targeting and precise genome editing in plants.  相似文献   

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所有的肿瘤都源自于细胞基因组DNA序列的异常。在整个生命过程中,甚至从最初的受精卵开始,人体细胞的基因组就暴露于各种突变诱变因素和自身的复制错误之中,这些不利影响可能导致任何细胞的DNA序列渐进的、细微的突变。过去的25年中,这些突变和基因异常如何调控肿瘤的成长已经越来越多地为人们所认识,在此基础上,大量获得肿瘤基因组的完整DNA序列已经成为可能。这些研究将为人类提供肿瘤发生和成长的重要线索。  相似文献   

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2017合成生物学专刊序言   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
近10年来,合成生物学的发展受到广泛关注。为了集中报道本领域的最新研究进展,特组织出版了此合成生物学专刊。本专刊分3个栏目:科学意义、新技术新方法和应用领域,重点介绍了合成生物学的科学内涵、技术方法进步及合成生物学在医学、药物、农业、材料、环境和能源等领域的应用前景。  相似文献   

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The advent of the CRISPR-Cas genome editing platform has greatly enhanced the capabilities of researchers in many areas of biology. Its use has also been turned to the development of therapies for genetic diseases and to the enhancement of cell therapies. This review describes some recent advances in these areas.  相似文献   

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